Flavor Changing Effects in Family Nonuniversal Z' Models

Flavor-changing and CP-violating interactions of Z' to fermions are generally present in models with extra U(1) gauge symmetry that are string-inspired or related to broken gauged family symmetry. We study the consequences of such couplings in fermion electric dipole moments, muon g-2, and K and B meson mixings. From experimental limits or measured values, we constrain the off-diagonal Z' couplings to fermions. Some of these constraints are comparable or stronger than the existing constraints obtained from other observables.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

First Measurement of Z/gamma* Production in Compton Scattering of Quasi-real Photons

We report the first observation of Z/gamma* production in Compton scattering of quasi-real photons. This is a subprocess of the reaction e+e- to e+e-Z/gamma*, where one of the final state electrons is undetected. Approximately 55 pb-1 of data collected in the year 1997 at an e+e- centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV with the OPAL detector at LEP have been analysed. The Z/gamma* from Compton scattering has been detected in the hadronic decay channel. Within well defined kinematic bounds, we measure the product of cross-section and Z/gamma* branching ratio to hadrons to be (0.9+-0.3+-0.1) pb for events with a hadronic mass larger than 60 GeV, dominated by (e)eZ production. In the hadronic mass region between 5 GeV and 60 GeV, dominated by (e)egamma* production, this product is found to be (4.1+-1.6+-0.6) pb. Our results agree with the predictions of two Monte Carlo event generators, grc4f and PYTHIA.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, 5 eps figures included, submitted to Physics Letters

Low temperature impact on photosynthetic parameters of coffee genotypes Impacto de baixas temperaturas em parâmetros fotossintéticos de genótipos de cafeeiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate photoprotective mechanisms related to low positive temperatures in Coffea canephora (Conilon clones 02 and 153) and C. arabica ('Catucaí' IPR 102) genotypes, involved in cold temperature tolerance. To accomplish this, one-year-old plants were successively submitted to: temperature decrease of 0.5ºC day-1, from 25/20ºC to 13/8ºC; a three-day chilling cycle at 13/4ºC; and a recovery period of 14 days (25/20ºC). During the experiment, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf photosynthetic pigment content were evaluated. Total activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (Ru5PK) were quantified to measure the activity of photosynthesis key enzymes. All genotypes showed low temperature sensitivity, but displayed diverse cold impact and recovery capabilities regarding the photosynthetic-related parameters studied. Catucaí IPR 102 cultivar showed better ability to cope with cold stress than the Conilon clones, especially Conilon 02, and had full recovery of leaf gas exchange, fluorescence parameters, enzymatic activity, and higher contents of the photoprotective pigments zeaxanthin and lutein.<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar mecanismos de fotoproteção relacionados a temperaturas baixas positivas em genótipos de Coffea canephora (clones Conilon 02 e 153) e C. arabica ('Catucaí' IPR 102), envolvidos na tolerância a baixas temperaturas. Para tal, plantas com um ano de idade foram expostas sucessivamente a: decréscimo da temperatura (0,5ºC dia-1), de 25/20ºC até 13/8ºC; um ciclo de três dias a 13/4ºC; e a 14 dias de recuperação (25/20ºC). Durante o experimento, foram avaliadas as trocas gasosas, a fluorescência da clorofila a e os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos foliares. Foram quantificadas a atividade total da ribulose-1,5-bisfosfato carboxilase/oxigenase (Rubisco) e da ribulose-5-fosfato quinase (Ru5PK), para medir a atividade de enzimas-chave da fotossíntese. Todos os genótipos mostraram sensibilidade a baixas temperaturas, mas tolerância e capacidade de recuperação diferentes no que respeita aos diversos parâmetros fotossintéticos estudados. A cultivar Catucaí IPR 102 apresenta maior capacidade de suportar o estresse do frio que os clones de Conilon, em particular o Conilon 02, com completa recuperação dos parâmetros de trocas gasosas foliares, de fluorescência e das atividades enzimáticas, e teores mais elevados dos pigmentos fotoprotetores zeaxantina e luteína

Concept and valuation of landscape functions at different scales

Natural, semi-natural and cultivated ecosystems and landscapes provide many goods and services to human society that are of great ecological, socio-cultural and economic value (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). In environmental planning and decision-making, however, these benefits are often not fully taken into account and productive, multifunctional landscapes continue to be converted into more simple, often single-function land use types (e.g. croplands) or turned into wastelands (e.g. eroded land after clear-cut logging or polluted and over-fished shelf-seas). Yet, increasingly studies are showing that the total value of multifunctional use of natural and semi-natural landscapes is often economically more beneficial than the value of the converted systems (Balmford et al. 2002). The question therefore is how to identify and quantify the many benefits of multi-functional landscapes in order to take more balanced decisions regarding trade-offs involved in land use planning in view of the increasing demands for space and resources

Flavor physics in the quark sector.

In the past decade, one of the major challenges of particle physics has been to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of quark flavor. In this time frame, measurements and the theoretical interpretation of their results have advanced tremendously. A much broader understanding of flavor particles has been achieved; apart from their masses and quantum numbers, there now exist detailed measurements of the characteristics of their interactions allowing stringent tests of Standard Model predictions. Among the most interesting phenomena of flavor physics is the violation of the CP symmetry that has been subtle and difficult to explore. In the past, observations of CP violation were confined to neutral K mesons, but since the early 1990s, a large number of CP-violating processes have been studied in detail in neutral B mesons. In parallel, measurements of the couplings of the heavy quarks and the dynamics for their decays in large samples of K,D, and B mesons have been greatly improved in accuracy and the results are being used as probes in the search for deviations from the Standard Model. In the near future, there will be a transition from the current to a new generation of experiments; thus a review of the status of quark flavor physics is timely. This report is the result of the work of physicists attending the 5th CKM workshop, hosted by the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, September 9–13, 2008. It summarizes the results of the current generation of experiments that are about to be completed and it confronts these results with the theoretical understanding of the field which has greatly improved in the past decade

Flavor physics in the quark sector

One of the major challenges of particle physics has been to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of quark flavor and measurements and theoretical interpretations of their results have advanced tremendously: apart from masses and quantum numbers of flavor particles, there now exist detailed measurements of the characteristics of their interactions allowing stringent tests of Standard Model predictions. Among the most interesting phenomena of flavor physics is the violation of the CP symmetry that has been subtle and difficult to explore. Till early 1990s observations of CP violation were confined to neutral K mesons, but since then a large number of CP-violating processes have been studied in detail in neutral B mesons. In parallel, measurements of the couplings of the heavy quarks and the dynamics for their decays in large samples of K, D, and B mesons have been greatly improved in accuracy and the results are being used as probes in the search for deviations from the Standard Model. In the near future, there will be a transition from the current to a new generation of experiments, thus a review of the status of quark flavor physics is timely. This report summarizes the results of the current generation of experiments that is about to be completed and it confronts these results with the theoretical understanding of the field

Search for new physics in rare B decays

A search for the decay B+- to K+-K+-pi-+ was performed using data collected by the OPAL detector at LEP. These decays are strongly suppressed in the Standard Model but could occur with a higher branching ratio in supersymmetric models, especially in those with R-parity violating couplings. No evidence for a signal was observed and a 90% confidence level upper limit of 1.29x10^-4 was set for the branching ratio.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Letts.

Multiphoton production in e+ e- collisions at S**(1/2) = 183-GeV

The process e+e- to gamma gamma (gamma) is studied using data recorded with the OPAL detector at LEP. The data sample corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 56.2 pb-1 taken at a centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV. The measured cross-section agrees well with the expectation from QED. A fit to the angular distribution is used to obtain improved limits at 95% CL on the QED cut-off parameters: Lambda+ > 233 GeV and Lambda- > 265 GeV as well as a mass limit for an excited electron, M(e*) > 227 GeV assuming equal e*egamma and eegamma couplings. No evidence for resonance production is found in the invariant mass spectrum of photon pairs. Limits are obtained for the cross-section times branching ratio for a resonance decaying into two photons.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, 6 eps figures (and colour figs) included, submitted to Physics Letter

Measurement of |V(cb)| using anti-B0 ---> D*+ lepton- anti-neutrino decays

The magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element Vcb has been measured using B0 to D*l nu decays recorded on the Z0 peak using the OPAL detector at LEP. The D* to D0 pi+ decays were reconstructed both in the particular decay modes D0 to K- pi+ and D0 to K- pi+ pi- and via an inclusive technique. The product of |Vcb| and the decay form factor of the B0 to D* l nu transition at zero recoil F(1) was measured to be F(1)|Vcb| = (37.1+-1.0+-2.0)x10^-3, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic respectively. By using Heavy Quark Effective Theory calculations for F(1), a value of |Vcb| = (40.7+-1.1+-2.2+-1.6)x 10^-3 was obtained, where the third error is due to theoretical uncertainties in the value of F(1). The branching ratio Br(B0 to D* l nu) was also measured to be (5.26+-0.20+-0.46)%.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Letts.