National Transonic Facility: A review of the operational plan

The proposed National Transonic Facility (NTF) operational plan is reviewed. The NTF will provide an aerodynamic test capability significantly exceeding that of other transonic regime wind tunnels now available. A limited number of academic research program that might use the NTF are suggested. It is concluded that the NTF operational plan is useful for management, technical, instrumentation, and model building techniques available in the specialized field of aerodynamic analysis and simulation. It is also suggested that NASA hold an annual conference to discuss wind tunnel research results and to report on developments that will further improve the utilization and cost effectiveness of the NTF and other wind tunnels

Chromosome pairing and fertility in hybrids and amphidiploids in the Triticinae

Publication authorized November 27, 1941."Field Crops Department, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, and the division of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, cooperating."Includes bibliographical references (page 20)

Frequency and Circadian Timing of Eating May Influence Biomarkers of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Associated with Breast Cancer Risk.

Emerging evidence suggests that there is interplay between the frequency and circadian timing of eating and metabolic health. We examined the associations of eating frequency and timing with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers putatively associated with breast cancer risk in women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination 2009-2010 Survey. Eating frequency and timing variables were calculated from 24-hour food records and included (1) proportion of calories consumed in the evening (5 pm-midnight), (2) number of eating episodes per day, and (3) nighttime fasting duration. Linear regression models examined each eating frequency and timing exposure variable with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Each 10 percent increase in the proportion of calories consumed in the evening was associated with a 3 percent increase in CRP. Conversely, eating one additional meal or snack per day was associated with an 8 percent reduction in CRP. There was a significant interaction between proportion of calories consumed in the evening and fasting duration with CRP (p = 0.02). A longer nighttime fasting duration was associated with an 8 percent lower CRP only among women who ate less than 30% of their total daily calories in the evening (p = 0.01). None of the eating frequency and timing variables were significantly associated with HOMA-IR. These findings suggest that eating more frequently, reducing evening energy intake, and fasting for longer nightly intervals may lower systemic inflammation and subsequently reduce breast cancer risk. Randomized trials are needed to validate these associations

Loss of redundant gene expression after polyploidization in plants

Based on chromosomal location data of genes encoding 28 biochemical systems in allohexaploid wheat,Triticum aestivum L. (genomes AABBDD), it is concluded that the proportions of systems controlled by triplicate, duplicate, and single loci are 57%, 25%, and 18% respectively

The Minkowski metric in non-inertial observer radar coordinates

We give a closed expression for the Minkowski (1+1)-dimensional metric in the radar coordinates of an arbitrary non-inertial observer O in terms of O's proper acceleration. Knowledge of the metric allows the non-inertial observer to perform experiments in spacetime without making reference to inertial frames. To clarify the relation between inertial and non-inertial observers the coordinate transformation between radar and inertial coordinates, also is given. We show that every conformally flat coordinate system can be regarded as the radar coordinate system of a suitable observer for a suitable parametrization of the observer worldline. Therefore, the coordinate transformation between arbitrarily moving observers is a conformal transformation and conformally invariant (1+1)-dimensional theories lead to the same physics for all observers, independently of their relative motion.Comment: Revtex4, 6 pages, 1 figur

XPC protects against smoking- and carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma

Cigarette smoke (CS) contains hundreds of carcinogens and is a potent inducer of oxidative and bulky DNA damage, which when insufficiently repaired leads to activation of DNA damage response and possibly mutations. The DNA repair protein xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) is primed to play an important role in CS-induced DNA damage because of its function in initiating repair of both bulky oxidative DNA damage. We hypothesized that loss of XPC function will increase susceptibility to developing CS- and carcinogen-induced lung cancer through impaired repair of oxidative DNA damage. Mice deficient in XPC (XPC-/-) exposed to chronic CS developed lung tumors whereas their wild-type littermates (XPC+/+) did not. XPC-/- mice treated with the CS-carcinogen urethane developed lung adenocarcinomas representing progressive stages of tumor development, with lung tumor number increased 17-fold compared with XPC+/+ mice. Mice heterozygous for XPC (XPC+/-) demonstrated a gene-dose effect, developing an intermediate number of lung tumors with urethane treatment. Treatment of XPC-/- mice with the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene followed by the proliferative agent butylated hydroxytoluene resulted in a 2-fold increase in lung adenocarcinoma development. Finally, tumor number decreased 7-fold in the lungs of XPC-/- mice by concurrent treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. Altogether, this supports a mechanism by which decreased XPC expression promotes lung adenocarcinoma development in response to CS-carcinogen exposure, due in part to impaired oxidative DNA damage repair

An analytic expression for the electronic correlation term of the kinetic functional

We propose an analytic formula for the non-local Fisher information functional, or electronic kinetic correlation term, appearing in the expression of the kinetic density functional. Such an explicit formula is constructed on the basis of well-founded physical arguments and a rigorous mathematical prescription

Trpc2 pseudogenization dynamics in bats reveal ancestral vomeronasal signaling, then pervasive loss

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and NSF-DEB 144214

Complete positivity and entangled degrees of freedom

We study how some recently proposed noncontextuality tests based on quantum interferometry are affected if the test particles propagate as open systems in presence of a gaussian stochastic background. We show that physical consistency requires the resulting markovian dissipative time-evolution to be completely positive.Comment: 23 pages, plain-TeX, no figure

Unraveling the CLCC1 interactome: Impact of the Asp25Glu variant and its interaction with SigmaR1 at the Mitochondrial-Associated ER Membrane (MAM).

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an indispensable role in cellular processes, including maintenance of calcium homeostasis, and protein folding, synthesized and processing. Disruptions in these processes leading to ER stress and the accumulation of misfolded proteins can instigate the unfolded protein response (UPR), culminating in either restoration of balanced proteostasis or apoptosis. A key player in this intricate balance is CLCC1, an ER-resident chloride channel, whose essential role extends to retinal development, regulation of ER stress, and UPR. The importance of CLCC1 is further underscored by its interaction with proteins localized to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), where it participates in UPR induction by MAM proteins. In previous research, we identified a p.(Asp25Glu) pathogenic CLCC1 variant associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (CLCC1 hg38 NC_000001.11; NM_001048210.3, c.75C > A; UniprotKB Q96S66). In attempt to decipher the impact of this variant function, we leveraged liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify likely CLCC1-interacting proteins. We discovered that the CLCC1 interactome is substantially composed of proteins that localize to ER compartments and that the Asp25Glu variant results in noticeable loss and gain of specific protein interactors. Intriguingly, the analysis suggests that the CLCC1Asp25Glu mutant protein exhibits a propensity for increased interactions with cytoplasmic proteins compared to its wild-type counterpart. To corroborate our LC-MS data, we further scrutinized two novel CLCC1 interactors, Calnexin and SigmaR1, chaperone proteins that localize to the ER and MAMs. Through microscopy, we demonstrate that CLCC1 co-localizes with both proteins, thereby validating our initial findings. Moreover, our results reveal that CLCC1 co-localizes with SigmaR1 not merely at the ER, but also at MAMs. These findings reinforce the notion of CLCC1 interacting with MAM proteins at the ER-mitochondria interface, setting the stage for further exploration into how these interactions impact ER or mitochondria function and lead to retinal degenerative disease when impaired