City of clones: Facsimiles and governance in Sao Paulo, Brazil

São Paulo is a megacity defined by formal and informal patterns of urbanization. Informally urbanized spaces are not absent of state intent, despite appearances. Grassroots-led social and spatial practices for survival, agency and self-governance contribute to the reproduction of urban political order in surprisingly unoriginal and routinely recognizable ways. This article argues that these unexceptional informal practices can be understood as ‘facsimiles’ of their formal institutional originals. Using the example of cloned cars the article shows that the facsimile and the original are the same in form and function. Facsimiles do not exist outside of political authority, but are a byproduct and a component of it. They are indistinguishable in their bureaucratic deployment, recognition and acceptance as part of social and spatial order. This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Sage via https://doi.org/10.1177/001139211665729

Violent masculinities: Gendered dynamics of policing in Rio de Janeiro

Historically, policing in Rio de Janeiro has been shaped by the equation of racialized violence and masculinity. Attempts to reform the police have paradoxically drawn on forms of male violence that are centered on the rational and professional use of force and on “softer” practices, such as dialogue and collaboration, symbolically coded as feminine. The failure of police reform reflects the cultural salience of understandings of masculinity centered around violence within the police, historical patterns of policing in Rio, and political actors’ strategic cultivation of male violence. Through Rio de Janeiro's failed attempt at police reform, we theorize the relation between racialized state violence, authoritarian political projects, and transgressive forms of male violence, arguing that an important appeal of authoritarianism lies in its promise to carve out a space for performing what we call wild masculinity. [masculinity, race, police, violence, gender, politics, favela, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]publishedVersio

Evaluation of different feeding protocols for larvae of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.)

Mass mortality is still one of the main constraints in larval rearing of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.; ABT). Early data related to the feeding sequence of ABT larvae suggested that mortality observed during the first stages of life could be partly due to nutritional deficiencies. Previous studies demonstrated that copepods ap- peared to be a superior live prey compared to rotifers during the first 2 weeks of life. Our overarching aim was to evaluate different feeding strategies during first feeding of ABT larvae from a performance, compositional and molecular perspective. In order to do so, two groups of ABT larvae were fed with either copepod (Acartia tonsa; C) nauplii or rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis; R) enriched with Algamac 3050® from mouth opening to 13 days after hatching (dah). After this, the group C-larvae was fed either Artemia enriched with Algamac 3050® (CA), Acartia nauplii and copepodites (CC) or sea bream (Sparus aurata) yolk-sac larvae (CY), while the R group were fed on Artemia enriched with Algamac 3050® (RA) up to 18 dah. At 13 dah, larvae fed copepods (C) had grown better than those fed enriched rotifers (R) although there were no significant differences in survival. ABT larvae fed R accumulated highest eicosapentaenoate (EPA) but lowest docosahexaenoate (DHA) and total n-3 long- chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) than C-fed larvae, reflecting the dietary contents. There was no activation in the expression of the enzymes involved in EPA and DHA biosynthesis. However, the different live prey showed regulation of transcription factor, digestive enzyme, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress genes. At 18 dah, larvae fed CY and CA treatments were largest in size, with larvae fed RA displaying the lowest growth, with no significant differences in survival among the dietary treatments. The highest DHA contents were found in ABT larvae fed CC and CY, whereas the lowest contents were found in RA-fed larvae. Indeed, larvae fed RA showed the highest level of the intermediate product n-3 docosapentaenoate, which could reflect increased activity of the biosynthetic pathway although this was not supported by gene expression data.Versión del editor2,04

Reshaping teacher and student roles in technology-enriched classrooms

This paper draws on data from a three-year longitudblal study of secondary school classrooms to examine pedagogical issues in using tectmology resources in mathematics teaching-in particular, graphics calculators and overhead projection panels that allow screen output to be viewed by the whole class. We theorise four roles for technology in relation to such teaching and learning interactions-master, servant, partner, and extension of self-and illustrate this taxonomy with observational data from five senior secondary mathematics classrooms. Our research shows how technology can facilitate collaborative inquiry during both small group interactions and whole class discussions when students use their calculators and the overhead projection panel to share their mathematical understanding

Surveying the technology landscape: Teachers' use of technology in secondary mathematics classrooms

For many years, education researchers excited by the potential for digital technologies to transform mathematics teaching and learning have predicted that these technologies would become rapidly integrated into every level of education. However, recent international research shows that technology still plays a marginal role in mathematics classrooms. These trends deserve investigation in the Australian context, where over the past 10 years secondary school mathematics curricula have been revised to allow or require use of digital technologies in learning and assessment tasks. This article reports on a survey of mathematics teachers' use of computers, graphics calculators, and the Internet in Queensland secondary schools, and examines relationships between use and teachers' pedagogical knowledge and beliefs, access to technology, and professional development opportunities. Although access to all forms of technology was a significant factor related to use, teacher beliefs and participation in professional development were also influential. Teachers wanted professional development that modelled planning and pedagogy so they could meaningfully integrate technology into their lessons in ways that help students learn mathematical concepts. The findings have implications not only for resourcing of schools, but also for designing professional development that engages teachers with technology in their local professional contexts. [Author abstract

Measuring Poverty Within The Household

A key element of anti-poverty policy is the accurate identification of poor individuals. However, measuring poverty at the individual level is difficult since consumption data are typically collected at the household level. Per capita measures based on household-level data ignore both inequality within the household and economies of scale in consumption. The collective household model offers an alternative and promising framework to estimate poverty at the individual level while accounting for both inequality within the household and economies of scale in consumption