Chamberlin, Bradley, Reilly and Pound: \u3cem\u3eLabor Unions and Public Policy\u3c/em\u3e & Gregory: \u3cem\u3eLabor and the Law\u3c/em\u3e

A Review of Labor Unions and Public Policy. By Edward H. Chamberlin, Philip D. Bradley, Gerard D. Reilly and Roscoe Pound

Criminal Law- False Pretenses - Partner Fraudulently Obtaining Partnership Funds

Defendant and another were equal partners in a used car business. Defendant took in an automobile, paying for it with his own funds. Representing that he had paid more than he actually had, he induced his partner to write him a check drawn on the partnership account. Defendant was indicted for obtaining half of the excess by false pretenses. The district court directed a verdict of acquittal. On appeal by the state, held, affirmed, three justices dissenting. A partner cannot be guilty of obtaining by false pretenses from the partnership; the statute in question specifies that it must be from another, whereas a partner has an interest in all the partnership assets. State v. Quinn, (Iowa 1954) 64 N.W. (2d) 323

Wills - Revocation by Change in Circumstances - Effect of a Separation and Property Settlement Agreement

Testator\u27s will, executed in 1944, named his wife executrix and sole devisee. One month before his death in 1952 he entered into a detailed separation and property settlement agreement with her in which, though not referring directly to the will, the wife released any present, future or after-acquired interest in the same realty as was devised in the will. The widow\u27s offering of the will for probate was contested by the heirs. The lower court directed a verdict for the contestants on the ground that the agreement operated to revoke the will. On appeal, held, reversed. Since neither a divorce alone nor a property settlement alone will work a revocation by operation of law because of the change in circumstance, a separation and property settlement agreement will not do so. Price v. Price, (Tenn. App. 1954) 269 S.W. (2d) 920

Regulation of Business - Sherman Act - Administration and Enforcement - A Re-Analysis of Consent Decrees

This comment will deal with a review of the history, nature, and use of the consent decree, an analysis of some of the more recent and important decrees, and a discussion of the crucial problem, raised especially by the Report of the Attorney General\u27s National Committee to Study the Antitrust Laws, of the constitutional and statutory bases (or lack thereof) for the relief granted by consent decrees

Recidivism Outcomes among a Cohort of Violent Institutionalized Juvenile Offenders

Serious and violent juvenile offenders cause a disproportionate amount of harm to society, yet this population receives very little attention within the realm of empirical research. This research study examined the recidivism outcomes of 296 serious and violent offenders previously exposed to rehabilitative treatment in the Capital and Serious Violent Offender Program provided by the Texas Youth Commission. This group of juveniles was followed for three years following their release from institutionalization. This analysis revealed that 52% of those released were rearrested at least once during the follow-up period for any offense, while 48% of those released desisted from crime altogether. Of those 296 released, 34% were rearrested for at least one new felony offense. The analyses indicate that those involved in various forms of institutional misconduct during institutionalization were significantly more likely to recidivate. African-American race and institutional misconduct in the form of rule infractions emerged as the most consistent predictors of recidivism for this sample. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and risk assessment related to the decisions that are made to release this population of violent juvenile offenders

Structural and Superconducting Transitions in Mg_{1-x}Al_{x}B_2

From systematic ab initio calculations of the alloy system Mg_{1-x}Al_{x}B_2, we find a strong tendency for the formation of a superstructure characterized by Al-rich layers. We also present a simple model, based on calculated energies and an estimate of the configurational entropy, which suggests that the alloy has two separate concentration regimes of phase separation, with critical points near x = 0.25 and x = 0.75. These results, together with calculations of electronic densities of states in several ionic arrangements, give a qualitative explanation for the observed structural instabilities, as well as the x-dependence of the superconducting T_c for x<0.6.Comment: 4 pp./4 figs.; revisions in responce to Referee comment

Dupuytren contracture recurrence project: reaching consensus on a definition of recurrence

The aim of this study was to determine a definition of recurrence of Dupuytren disease that could be utilized for the comparison of the results independently from the treatment used. 24 hand surgeons from 17 countries met in an international consensus conference. The participants used the Delphi method to evaluate a series of statements: (1) the need for defining recurrence, (2) the concept of recurrence applied to the Tubiana staging system, (3) the concept of recurrence applied to each single treated joint, and (4) the concept of recurrence applied to the finger ray. For each item, the possible answer was given on a scale of 1-5: 1=maximum disagreement; 2=disagreement; 3=agreement; 4=strong agreement; 5=absolute agreement. There was consensus on disagreement if 1 and 2 comprised at least 66% of the recorded answers and consensus on agreement if 3, 4 and 5 comprised at least 66% of the recorded answers. If a threshold of 66% was not reached, the related statement was considered not defined. A need for a definition of recurrence was established. The presence of nodules or cords without finger contracture was not considered an indication of recurrence. The Tubiana staging system was considered inappropriate for reporting recurrence. Recurrence was best determined by the measurement of a specific joint, rather than a total ray. Time 0 occurred between 6 weeks and 3 months. Recurrence was defined as a PED of more than 20\ub0 for at least one of treated joint, in the presence of a palpable cord, compared to the result obtained at time 0. This study determined the need for a standard definition of recurrence and reached consensus on that definition, which we should become the standard for the reporting of recurrence. If utilized in subsequent publications, this will allow surgeons to compare different techniques and make is easier to help patients make an informed choice.usammenfassung Ziel der Konsensuskonferenz in Rom war es, eine Definition des Rezidivs bei Morbus Dupuytren festzulegen, die fur einen Vergleich der Ergebnisse unabhangig von der gewahlten Behandlung einsetzbar ist. 24 Handchirurgen aus 17 Landern kamen im Rahmen einer internationalen Konsensuskonferenz zusammen. Die Teilnehmer wendeten die Delphi-Methode an, um folgende Thesen zu bewerten: (1) die Notwendigkeit einer Definition des Rezidivs bei Morbus Dupuytren, das Rezidiv soll (2) auf die Stadieneinteilung nach Tubiana, (3) fur jedes einzelne behandelte Gelenk, oder (4) auf den Fingerstrahl angewandt werden. Jede These konnte auf einer Skala von 1 bis 5 bewertet werden: 1=stimme gar nicht zu; 2=stimme nicht zu; 3=stimme zu; 4=stimme sehr zu; 5=stimme vollstandig zu. Keine Zustimmung lag vor, wenn mindestens 66% der erfassten Antworten auf 1 und 2 entfielen und Zustimmung lag vor, falls mindestens 66 % der erfassten Antworten auf 3, 4 und 5 entfielen. Falls der Schwellenwert von 66% nicht erreicht wurde, wurde die jeweilige Aussage als "nicht definiert betrachtet. Die Notwendigkeit einer Definition des Rezidivs bei Morbus Dupuytren wurde mit dieser Methode festgestellt. Das Vorliegen von Knoten oder Sehnen ohne Kontraktur der Finger wurde nicht als Anzeichen eines Rezidivs gewertet. Die Stadieneinteilung nach Tubiana stellte sich als ungeeignet zur Beschreibung eines Rezidivs heraus. Ein Rezidiv bei Morbus Dupuytren ist besser durch die Messung eines spezifischen Gelenks als durch eine Messung der Beugekontraktur des gesamten Fingerstrahls bestimmt. Der Ausgangspunkt Null wurde definiert als Zeitraum zwischen 6 Wochen und 3 Monaten nach der primaren Behandlung. Ein Rezidiv wird dann definiert als eine passive Beugekontraktur von mehr als 20 degrees fur jedes behandelte Gelenk bei Vorliegen eines tastbaren Stranges, verglichen mit dem Ergebnis zum Zeitpunkt Null. Die Konferenz zeigte die Notwendigkeit einer Definition des Rezidivs bei Morbus Dupuytren und fuhrte zu einem Konsens in Bezug auf diese Definition. Bei Verwendung in nachfolgenden Publikationen wird sie es ermoglichen, verschiedene Techniken zu vergleichen und die Patienten beim Treffen einer informierten Entscheidung zu unterstutzen

Clinical Events After Deferral of LAD Revascularization Following Physiological Coronary Assessment

BACKGROUND Physicians are not always comfortable deferring treatment of a stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery because of the perception that there is a high risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The authors describe, using the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) trial, MACE rates when LAD lesions are deferred, guided by physiological assessment using fractional flow reserve (FFR) or the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to establish the safety of deferring treatment in the LAD using FFR or iFR within the DEFINE-FLAIR trial. METHODS MACE rates at 1 year were compared between groups (iFR and FFR) in patients whose physiological assessment led to LAD lesions being deferred. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and unplanned revascularization at 1 year. Patients, and staff performing follow-up, were blinded to whether the decision was made with FFR or iFR. Outcomes were adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS A total of 872 patients had lesions deferred in the LAD (421 guided by FFR, 451 guided by iFR). The event rate with iFR was significantly lower than with FFR (2.44% vs. 5.26%; adjusted HR: 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 0.95; p = 0.04). This was driven by significantly lower unplanned revascularization with iFR and numerically lower MI (unplanned revascularization: 2.22% iFR vs. 4.99% FFR; adjusted HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.93; p = 0.03; MI: 0.44% iFR vs. 2.14% FFR; adjusted HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.07; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS iFR-guided deferral appears to be safe for patients with LAD lesions. Patients in whom iFR-guided deferral was performed had statistically significantly lower event rates than those with FFR-guided deferral. (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. METHODS The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p <0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.Peer reviewe