Conceito para a Segurança Marítima Cooperativa

O presente trabalho de investigação visou identificar contributos para o desenvolvimento do conceito para segurança marítima cooperativa, decorrente da caracterização e análise das missões operacionalizadas pela Marinha Portuguesa no Golfo da Guiné, bem como da Estratégia da União Europeia para essa região. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho adotou-se um raciocínio dedutivo, baseado numa estratégia qualitativa e no desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso. A análise efetuada permitiu verificar que a União Europeia e os seus Estados-membros, em particular Portugal através da Marinha, por intermédio da Iniciativa Mar Aberto e da missão do NRP Zaire em São Tomé e Príncipe, sustentam os seus contributos para a segurança marítima no Golfo da Guiné através de diversas ações de cooperação com os parceiros regionais e internacionais presentes na região. Os contributos visam a edificação de capacidades regionais e dos Estados costeiros do Golfo da Guiné para fazer face às ameaças prevalecentes na região, nomeadamente pirataria e criminalidade organizada. Em conclusão, estabelece-se que o desenvolvimento do conceito de segurança marítima cooperativa deverá assentar em variáveis como a caracterização de ameaças, a identificação de parceiros, a definição de objetivos partilhados e estado final a alcançar e ainda a determinação de linhas de ação a desenvolver. Abstract: This research work aimed to identify contributions to the development of the concept of cooperative maritime security, based on the analysis and characterization of the missions operationalized by the Portuguese Navy in the Gulf of Guinea, as well as the European Union Strategy for that region. For the development of this work, a deductive reasoning was adopted, based on a qualitative strategy and the development of a case study. The European Union and its member states, particularly Portugal and its Navy, through the “Mar Aberto” Initiative and the mission of the Patrol Ship “Zaire” in São Tomé and Príncipe, sustain their contributions to maritime security taking part in various cooperation actions with regional and international partners present in the region. The contributions are aimed at building regional and coastal state capacities in the Gulf of Guinea to address the prevailing threats in the region, particularly piracy and organized crime. In conclusion, it is established that the development of the concept of cooperative maritime security should be based on variables such as the characterization of threats, the identification of partners, the definition of shared objectives and end state to be achieved, and the determination of lines of action to be developed.N/

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016