RESTOCIALIZATION POLICIES IN THE PRISON SYSTEM: CURRENT SITUATION, LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES.

O tema desse artigo é voltado para as polí­ticas de ressocialização no sistema prisional. Investigou-se o seguinte problema: "Qual a situação atual, suas principais limitações e os desafios?". Cogitou-se a seguinte hipótese "as polí­ticas de ressocialização do apenado no sistema prisional brasileiro tendem ao colapso". O objetivo geral é apresentar a situação atual, as limitações e os desafios das polí­ticas de ressocialização no sistema prisional brasileiro. Os objetivos especí­ficos são "apontar, na atualidade, quem é responsável pela gestão dos sistemas prisionais" e "apresentar os modelos atuais de ressocialização". Este trabalho tem importância em uma perspectiva individual devido ao questionamento social sobre o tema. Para a ciência, esta pesquisa se mostra útil em expor de modo sistemático as polí­ticas de ressocialização no sistema prisional. Este assunto cresce de importância para a sociedade brasileira, face a esta crise, aparentemente sem solução. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa teórica de três meses.  The theme of this article is focused on re-socialization policies in the prison system. The following problem was investigated: What is the current situation, its main limitations and challenges? The following hypothesis was considered "the policies of re-socialization of the inmate in the Brazilian prison system tend to colapse". The general objective is to present the current situation, the limitations and the challenges of re-socialization policies in the Brazilian prison system. The specific objectives are "to point out, at present, who is responsible for the management of prison systems" and "present the current models of resocialization". This work is important in an individual perspective due to the social questioning on the topic. For science, this research is useful in systematically exposing the policies of re-socialization in the prison system. This issue grows in importance for Brazilian society, in the face of this crisis, apparently without solution. It is a qualitative theoretical research of three months

AUTOMEDICAÇÃO PELOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Introdução: A automedicação é definida como o uso de medicamentos sem prescrição médica, sendo selecionados e consumidos pelo indivíduo. O conhecimento e a disposição de tais medicamentos para os profissionais de Enfermagem os torna um grupo de destaque na automedicação. Objetivo: Verificar na literatura artigos científicos sobre a automedicação pelos profissionais da Enfermagem. Métodos: Refere-se a um estudo bibliográfico, do tipo descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, efetuado através de uma busca nas base de dado científica da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), através do cruzamento dos seguintes descritores: Automedicação, Saúde do trabalhador e Equipe de Enfermagem, utilizando os operados booleanos and. Referida busca teve como critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 a 2021, serem completos, publicados na língua portuguesa e de domínio público, excluindo aqueles que não condiziam com a pesquisa e que se encontravam em duplicidade. Foram encontrados 5 artigos, mas apenas 2 compuseram o resumo, após a leitura na íntegra. Resultado: Observou- se que tanto enfermeiros quantos técnicos de enfermagem possuem o hábito de se automedicar sem prescrição médica. A automedicação desses profissionais é estimulada pelas grandes cargas horárias de trabalho e múltiplos locais de trabalhos. Salienta-se que alguns membros da equipe de Enfermagem são expostos aos riscos psicossocial, ergonômico, biológico, físico e químico, favorecendo assim que estejam mais vulneráveis à exposição às doenças ocupacionais. Vale ressaltar que esses profissionais apresentam queixas comuns de dores articulares, algias lombares, alteração de sono e repouso, situações de estresse e com quadros de instabilidades emocionais. Referidas condições favorecem que os profissionais de Enfermagem recorram a automedicação para aliviar os sintomas de referidos riscos. Referidas ações favorecem a soluções imediatas para alívio de sintomas sem um real tratamento adequado do problema, colocando mais ainda em risco a sua saúde trazendo dependência e problemas psicológicos, fisiológicos e sociais. Conclusão: É evidente que a automedicação é um fenômeno muito presente na atualidade, especialmente entre os profissionais da Enfermagem, devido ao conhecimento e o acesso aos medicamentos disponíveis, representando assim um grupo de destaque no que se refere à prática. A alta prevalência da automedicação além de levar a reações adversas e danos à saúde, retrata também o uso irracional pelos profissionais da área

Clinical complications of G6PD deficiency in Latin American and Caribbean populations : systematic review and implications for malaria elimination programmes

Background: Although G6PDd individuals are generally asymptomatic throughout their life, the clinical burden of this genetic condition includes a range of haematological conditions, including acute haemolytic anaemia (AHA), neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and chronic non-sphaerocytic anaemia (CNSA). In Latin America (LA), the huge knowledge gap regarding G6PDd is related to the scarce understanding of the burden of clinical manifestation underlying G6PDd carriage. The aim of this work was to study the clinical significance of G6PDd in LA and the Caribbean region through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Only original research was included. All study designs were included, as long as any clinical information was present. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported clinical information from populations living in LA or Caribbean countries or about migrants from these countries living in countries outside this continent. Results: The Medline search generated 487 papers, and the LILACS search identified 140 papers. After applying the inclusion criteria, 100 original papers with any clinical information on G6PDd in LA were retrieved. Additionally, 16 articles were included after reading the references from these papers. These 116 articles reported data from 18 LA and Caribbean countries. The major clinical manifestations reported from LA countries were those related to AHA, namely drug-induced haemolysis. Most of the published works regarding drug-induced haemolysis in LA referred to haemolytic crises in P. vivax malaria patients during the course of the treatment with primaquine (PQ). Favism, infection-induced haemolysis, NNJ and CNSA appear to play only a minor public health role in this continent. Conclusion: Haemolysis in patients using PQ seems to be the major clinical manifestation of G6PDd in LA and contributes to the morbidity of P. vivax infection in this continent, although the low number of reported cases, which could be linked to under-reporting of complications. These results support the need for better strategies to diagnose and manage G6PDd in malaria field conditions. Additionally, Malaria Control Programmes in LA should not overlook this condition in their national guidelines

Área verde e açude do campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará: refúgio para aves de vida livre ou oriundas de escape / Green area and dam in the campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará: refuge for free-living or originated from escaping birds

ABREU, A. O. “Se eu comprar um pássaro, também faço parte do tráfico?”: a educação ambiental como ferramenta de redução do tráfico de aves silvestres em Fortaleza-CE. 2019. 62f.  Trabalho de conclusão de Curso (Curso de Ciências Biológicas) –Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019.ALCOCK, I.; WHITE, M. P.; WHEELER, B. W.; FLEMING, L. E.; DEPLEDGE, M. H. Longitudinal effects on mental health of moving to greener and less green urban areas. Environmental science & technology, v.48, n.2, p.1247-1255, 2014.ALVES, T.C.V.A. Parques urbanos de Fortaleza-CE: espaço vivido e qualidade de vida. 198p. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia). Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil, 2012.BARBOZA, E. N.; SILVA, G. S. A.; ALENCAR, F. H. H.; FELIPE, Á. G. M. Influência da arborização nas variáveis climáticas em ruas com e sem asfaltamento na cidade de Barbalha-CE/Influence of arborization on climate variables in streets with and without asphalting in the city of Barbalha-CE. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.1, p.980-986, 2020.BELEZA, A.J.F 2019. Talha mar Lagoa de Parangaba. Táxeus - Listas de espécies. Disponível em <https://www.taxeus.com.br/lista/13580>. Acesso em: 03 ago 2020.FONTANA, C.S. A ornitofauna de Porto Alegre no Século XX: status de ocorrência e conservação. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, série Zoologia, v.18, n.2, p.161-206, 2005.GIRÃO, W.; ALBANO, C.; CAMPOS, A.A. Inselbergs as habitat to the critically endangered greybreasted parakeet (Pyrruhura griseipectus), na endemic species from northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira Ornitolologia, v.18, p.130-132, 2010.LUCENA, M.F.; BELEZA, A.J.F.; PASCOAL FILHO, N.M.; TEIXEIRA, R.S.C.; VASCONCELOS, R.H.; CARDOSO, W.M. Levantamento de Avifauna do Campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. In: V Simpósio Cearense de Animais Selvagens: Fortaleza, 2016. Anais... Fortaleza: UECE, 2016.MENDES, G. F.; SAMPAIO, V.S.; LUCENA, E.M.P. Flora do Parque Ecológico da Lagoa da Maraponga, Fortaleza, Ceará. In: Anais da XXIII Semana Universitária da UECE, Fortaleza, 2018.MOURA, J. S., PEREIRA, A. C. M.; SANTOS, J. S.; SANTANA, S. H. M.; SILVA, M. A. M.; FERREIRA, W. N. Inventário florístico e percepção da população sobre a arborização urbana na cidade de Brejo Santo, Ceará. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.10, p.75773-75792, 2020.NUNES, F. P. (2018). [WA3096490, Pyrrhura griseipectus Salvadori, 1900]. Wiki-Aves - A Enciclopédia das Aves do Brasil. Disponível em:<http://www.wikiaves.com/3096490>  Acesso em: 23 Set 2020.OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, F. V. L.; NASCIMENTO, C. M.; FERREIRA, E. S.; SOARES, K. A.; BEZERRA, L. F. L.; OLIVEIRA, C. E. A.; SILVA, P.R.A.; CUNHA, M. L. Diagnóstico quantitativo e qualitativo da arborização de uma praça pública e de um mirante no município de Icapuí-CE. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.8, p.58645-58653, 2020.SILVA, I. S., ALMEIDA, C. A. C., PIMENTEL, D. J. O., LEITE, M. J. H.; LANA, M. D; BRANDÃO, R. A.; PAES, R. A.; PINTO, A. D. V. F. Percepção sobre a arborização da praça centenário em Maceió, AL. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 6, n. 6, p.37756-37766, (2020a).SALES JR., L. G; CHAVES, D. C.; BEZERRA, M. C. Inventário preliminar da ornitofauna do Campus do Itaperi da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE). In: Anais da I Semana Universitária da UECE, Fortaleza, 1996.SCHULZ-NETO, A; SERRANO, IL.; EFE, M.A. Muda e parâmetros biométricos de aves migratórias no norte do Brasil. Ornithologia, v. 3, n. 1, p. 21-33, 2010.SILVA, T. E. M.; ROSADO, A. K. D. H. B.; DA SILVA, R. M.; DE MEDEIROS, S. R. M.; PRESTON,W.; DEMARTELAERE, A. C. F. Qualidade ambiental urbana do Município de Tenente Ananias/RN/Urban environmental quality of the Municipality Tenente Ananias/RN. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.10, p.80162-80198, 2020b.SOUZA, T.O.; TEIXEIRA, F.D.; OLIVEIRA, L.A.S.O.; OLIVEIRA, A.C.S.; GARCIA, F.I.A.; MESQUITA, E.P.; SILVA, G.G.R.; OLIVEIRA, A.P.M.; PASSOS, F.O.; SILVA, A.G. Levantamento ornitológico do município de Pompéu, região Central de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Atualidades Ornitológicas, 202, 2018.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Hydrolyzed Proteins and Vegetable Peptides: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Chronic low-grade inflammation is present in overweight and obesity, causing changes in several metabolic pathways. It impairs systemic functioning and positively feeds back the accumulation of more adipose tissue. Studies with hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides have demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of these peptides. However, it is challenging and necessary to explore the mechanism of action of such molecules because understanding their effects depends on their structural characterizations. Furthermore, the structure might also give insights into safety, efficacy and efficiency, with a view of a possible health application. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to discuss the mechanisms of action of hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides as anti-inflammatory agents in obesity. Keywords and related terms were inserted into databases for the search. Based on the studies evaluated, these biomolecules act by different pathways, favoring the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines and the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Finally, as a future perspective, bioinformatics is suggested as a tool to help understand and better use these molecules considering their applicability in pre-clinical and clinical studies

The in vitro biological activity of the Brazilian brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii against Leishmania amazonensis

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-11-20T14:06:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 art. The in Vitro Biological Activity - aliança.pdf: 3586985 bytes, checksum: 5dc5a0466274bf6a18c38bc8815ef061 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-11-20T14:30:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 art. The in Vitro Biological Activity - aliança.pdf: 3586985 bytes, checksum: 5dc5a0466274bf6a18c38bc8815ef061 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T14:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 art. The in Vitro Biological Activity - aliança.pdf: 3586985 bytes, checksum: 5dc5a0466274bf6a18c38bc8815ef061 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-09Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.Seaweeds present a wide variety of interesting bioactive molecules. In the present work we evaluated the biological activity of the dichloromethane/methanol (2:1) extract (DME) from the brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii against Leishmania amazonensis and its cytotoxic potential on mammalian cells. The extract showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of promastigote forms (IC50=71.60 μg/mL) and low toxicity against mammalian cells (CC50=233.10 μg/mL). The DME was also efficient in inhibiting the infection in macrophages, with CC50 of 81.4 μg/mL and significantly decreased the survival of amastigote forms within these cells. The selectivity index showed that DME was more toxic to both promastigote (SI=3.25) and amastigote (SI=2.86) forms than to macrophages. Increased NO production was observed in treated macrophages suggesting that besides acting directly on the parasites, the DME also shows an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages. Drastic ultrastructural alterations consistent with loss of viability and cell death were observed in treated parasites. Confocal microscopy and cytometry analyzes showed no significant impairment of plasma membrane integrity, whereas an intense depolarization of mitochondrial membrane could be observed by using propidium iodide and rhodamine 123 staining, respectively. The low toxicity to mammalian cells and the effective activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, point to the use of DME as a promising agent for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis