EVALUATION OF QOS (QUALITY OF SERVICES) BY LOG FRAME ANALYSIS (LFA) AND OCULAR MORBIDITY IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF CHANDIGARH

Objective: To evaluate the school vision health program being run by the Chandigarh administration for students, under National Program for Control of Blindness.- To assess the visual acuity disorders in them.Methods: The population based cross sectional study was done in fourteen schools of Chandigarh. Chandigarh was divided in four quarters. Sampling frame comprised of Government schools. The eye component of a school health program so run in government schools, by Chandigarh administration was evaluated by LFA. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS13 and Epi Info 2000.Results: A total of 5404 children were studied, out of which 2801(51.83%) were boys and 2603(48.16%) were girls. Girls in our study showed a higher prevalence of defective visual acuity among girls 322(5.95%). Female preponderance was observed in all age groups.Evaluation of school health program showed that 51(36%) subjects were of the opinion that all students were examined, 25 (17.86%) told that more than 20% of students were referred to GMCH-32 for further management. All the interviewers agreed that manpower in school health team was adequate.Conclusion: Low compliance with ocular morbidity was evident as less number of students contacted the eye health physician even after being referred. There is a need to spread awareness pertaining to eye health that can be using local media or by health care workers. More over emphasis has not only to be on therapeutic aspect but prevention too has to be given importance.Keywords: Log frame analysis, Ocular morbidity.Â

EVALUATION OF QOS (QUALITY OF SERVICES) BY LOG FRAME ANALYSIS (LFA) AND OCULAR MORBIDITY IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF CHANDIGARH

Objective: To evaluate the school vision health program being run by the Chandigarh administration for students, under National Program for Control of Blindness. - To assess the visual acuity disorders in them. Methods: The population based cross sectional study was done in fourteen schools of Chandigarh. Chandigarh was divided in four quarters. Sampling frame comprised of Government schools. The eye component of a school health program so run in government schools, by Chandigarh administration was evaluated by LFA. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS13 and Epi Info 2000. Results: A total of 5404 children were studied, out of which 2801(51.83%) were boys and 2603(48.16%) were girls. Girls in our study showed a higher prevalence of defective visual acuity among girls 322(5.95%). Female preponderance was observed in all age groups. Evaluation of school health program showed that 51(36%) subjects were of the opinion that all students were examined, 25 (17.86%) told that more than 20% of students were referred to GMCH-32 for further management. All the interviewers agreed that manpower in school health team was adequate. Conclusion: Low compliance with ocular morbidity was evident as less number of students contacted the eye health physician even after being referred. There is a need to spread awareness pertaining to eye health that can be using local media or by health care workers. More over emphasis has not only to be on therapeutic aspect but prevention too has to be given importance

Heme Oxygenase Induction Suppresses Hepatic Hepcidin and Rescues Ferroportin and Ferritin Expression in Obese Mice

Hepcidin, a phase II reactant secreted by hepatocytes, regulates cellular iron levels by increasing internalization of ferroportin-a transmembrane protein facilitating egress of cellular iron. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states, such as obesity, have been shown to increase oxidative stress and enhance hepcidin secretion from hepatocytes and macrophages. Heme-heme oxygenase (HO) is a stress response system which reduces oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of HO-1 induction on hepatic hepcidin levels and on iron homeostasis in hepatic tissues from lean and obese mice. Obese mice exhibited hyperglycemia (p < 0.05); increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6, p < 0.05); oxidative stress (p < 0.05); and increased hepatic hepcidin levels (p < 0.05). Enhancement of hepcidin was reflected in the reduced expression of ferroportin in obese mice (p < 0.05). However, this effect is accompanied by a significant decline in ferritin expression. Additionally, there are reduced insulin receptor phosphorylation and attenuation of metabolic regulators pAMPK, pAKT, and pLKB1. Cobalt protoporphyrin- (CoPP-) induced HO-1 upregulation in obese mice reversed these alterations (p < 0.05), while attenuating hepatic hepcidin levels. These effects of CoPP were prevented in obese mice concurrently exposed to an inhibitor of HO (SnMP) (p < 0.05). Our results highlight a modulatory effect of HO on iron homeostasis mediated through the suppression of hepatic hepcidin

Preparation and Evaluation of Sodium Alginate Microparticles using Pepsin

Aim: The main aim of this article is to prepare and evaluate sodium alginate microparticles and evaluate on the basis of their characterization. The drug is dissolved, encapsulated or attached to a microparticles matrix. Depending upon method of preparation microparticles were obtained. Microparticles were developed as a carrier for vaccines and other disease like rheumatoid arthritis, cancer etc. Microparticles were developed to increase the efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredient to a specific targeted site. Material and Method: Microparticles of Sodium Alginate, Pepsin and Calcium Chloride were prepared in six batches (A-F) with different ratio of sodium alginate and calcium chloride respectively i.e. (0.25:2.5), (0.25:5), (0.25:7.5), (0.5:2.5), (0.5:5), (0.5:7.5) by using a homogenizing method. Microparticles were evaluated for particle size distribution, zeta potential and morphology. Result and Discussion:&nbsp; The normal particle size of each of the six batches were analyzed by Zeta Sizer (Delsa C Particle Analyzer) and it was found that the Batch B (0.25:5) delivered the best microparticles with size distribution of 1.2731 (µm). All batches were seen under Motic magnifying microscope by using the Sulforhodamine B (M.W. 479.02) color as staining dye. Microparticles was found to be semi spherical in shape. Conclusion: Results of all the six batches was contrasted based on particle size investigation, zeta potential and morphology. Batch B (0.25:5) was considered as the best formulation. Key words:&nbsp; Micro Particle, Pepsin, Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride, Sulforhodamine B, Zeta Sizer

Iron Deficiency Anemia and School Participation.

Abstract: Iron-deficiency anemia is among the world&apos;s most widespread health problems, especially for children, but it is rarely studied by economists. This paper evaluates the impact of a health intervention delivering iron supplementation and deworming drugs to 2-6 year old children through an existing pre-school network in the slums of Delhi, India. At baseline 69 percent of sample children were anemic and 30 percent had intestinal worm infections. Sample pre-schools were randomly divided into groups and gradually phased into treatment. Weight increased significantly among assisted children, and pre-school participation rates rose sharply by 5.8 percentage points -a reduction of one-fifth in school absenteeism -in the first five months of the program. Gains are largest in low socio-economic status areas. Year two estimates are similar, but two methodological problems -sample attrition, and the non-random sorting of new child cohorts into treatment groups -complicate interpretation of the later results

WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients

In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients

WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients

In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.Peer reviewe

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions. </jats:sec

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries