APROVECHAMIENTO DE LA PODA DE OLIVAR PARA SU BIOCONVERSIÓN A ETANOL Y XILITOL

En esta Memoria se describen los trabajos de investigación realizados con objeto del aprovechamiento por vía bioquímica de la biomasa generada durante la operación de poda de olivar. Este trabajo está ligado al Programa de Doctorado en Aceites de Oliva por la Universidad de Jaén y se ha desarrollado mayormente en las dependencias del Dpto. de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiales de dicha Universidad y, a través de una estancia de investigación, en las dependencias del Dpto. de Biotecnología de la Escuela de Ingeniería de Lorena, perteneciente a la Universidad de São Paulo (Brasil).Olive tree pruning biomass biochemical treatment is described in this research work. This biomass is generated year after year during the agricultural work applied mainly on braches and leaves. This memory is linked to Olive Oils Doctorate Program from University of Jaen and it have been realized mainly in the Department of Chemical, Environment and Materials Engineering laboratories and also, through a research stay, in the Department of Biotechnology of the Lorena School of Engineering, belonging to the University of São Paulo (Brazil).Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento en Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de los Materiale

Balance de 25 años de jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional

La Corte Constitucional de Colombia ha tenido un importante impacto en la vida social, cultural y política del país, a tal punto que, desde su creación, la jurisprudencia de este tribunal se ha convertido en un referente mundial acerca de las diversas materias sobre las que se ha pronunciado . Este libro presenta un balance de la jurisprudencia que durante sus primeros veinticinco años la Corte ha expedido. Con este fin, el magistrado Luis Guillermo Guerrero Pérez y los magistrados auxiliares Miguel Polo Rosero y Claudia Escobar García recogen los trabajos de expertos nacionales e internacionales, funcionarios del Estado y Miembros de la sociedad civil que se presentaron en el XII Encuentro de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, realizado en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto entre el 27 y el 30 de septiembre de 2017. En ese encuentro, se ratificó que la Corte Constitucional tiene la tarea de velar por la integridad de los compromisos de la Constitución. Los capítulos que conforman este libro ofrecen una mirada multidisciplinaria sobre la eficacia y el impacto de las decisiones de la Corte, específicamente en lo que tiene que ver con la democracia y la participación, el sistema de salud, el sistema pensional, el medio ambiente y el fenómeno discriminatorio con la relación al género y a la condición de discapacidad en Colombia.Bogot

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Fruit washing influence on extra virgin olive oil quality: a sensory perspective

Comunicación científica presentada en el XIX Simposium Expoliva 2019, Jaén (España) 15-17 mayoIn this work the washing operation applied to fruits of olive tree (Olea europaea) will be studied to verify its influence on the quality of the oils that can be obtained subsequently. For this purpose, 60 fruit samples (of 7.5 kg each) were taken from a rainfed farm, dedicated to Picual variety under organic crop production, and the corresponding oils were obtained by washing and by non-washing such samples. After carrying out diverse sensory analyses (in which were assessed sensory attributes as green fruity, bitter, pungent, sweet, green leaf, grass, apple, almond and tomato), it is worth noting that, under the conditions in which this study was conducted, it is observed that there are no relevant differences among the oils obtained by washing and by non-washing the olive fruits. This fact is relevant and it could be considered by the producers of this sector when making decisions about the unit operations more indicated to apply in order to get high-quality oils

Influencia del lavado de frutos sobre determinados parámetros de calidad de un aceite de oliva virgen extra ecológico

Comunicación científica presentada en el XVII Simposium Expoliva 2015, Jaén (España) 6,7 y 8 mayoComo resultados preliminares de un proyecto aún en desarrollo, donde se pretende estudiar la influencia de la operación del lavado de frutos sobre la calidad reglamentada del aceite de oliva virgen extra, se presenta este trabajo en el que serán evaluados ciertos parámetros analíticos (grado de acidez, índice de peróxidos, absorbancia en el ultravioleta y estabilidad oxidativa) de un aceite de oliva virgen extraído de aceitunas de la variedad Picual cultivada bajo producción ecológica. A tal fin, y a partir de 60 muestras de aceituna escogidas al azar durante un periodo de cosecha temprana, se obtuvieron los correspondientes aceites aplicando, según el caso, el “lavado” o el “no lavado” de los frutos. De acuerdo con los valores obtenidos, puede destacarse que, bajo las condiciones en las que fue realizado este estudio, no existe una diferencia relevante (en lo que a calidad reglamentada se refiere) entre los aceites procedentes del “lavado” y del “no lavado” de frutos. Este hecho podría ser un elemento a considerar por los productores del sector a la hora de tomar decisiones en sus procesos de fabricación