Use of Research by Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Research utilization (RU) is crucial to preparing the next generation of registered nurses, since they are expected to stay abreast of research, read and use existing research to improve their ability to solve problems, and make decisions independently in clinical settings. Also, baccalaureate nursing programs often identify RU as an expected curricular outcome. The purpose of this study was to identify nursing students’ perceptions about RU. In this study, we used a sequential mixed methods approach. In this paper, only qualitative analysis related to RU is reported. A qualitative descriptive design was used to address the study questions. A purposive sample of 20 undergraduate students enrolled in their final year of study in BScN programs (four-year basic, honors, and accelerated programs) was recruited via e-mail to participate in the study. The study findings were categorized into the components of the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework, which is comprised of evidence, context, and facilitation. Findings disclosed some key themes that nursing students perceive as facilitating or restricting their use of research. These themes include level of education preparedness, clinical experience and expertise, lack of time, theory practice gap, and clinical evaluation criteria, nursing faculty support for using research, and faculty’s’ competency in research. The majority of students stated that they did not utilize the research findings in clinical practice. Insufficient knowledge about RU was the most prominent reason. These results suggest that students should be encouraged and supported to utilize research findings in their practice setting

Multidimensionality of critical thinking: A holistic perspective from multidisciplinary educators in Karachi, Pakistan

Critical thinking (CT) is a phenomenon of worldwide importance and is a desired outcome in higher and professional education. Development of CT is considered a primary responsibility of educators; however, educators find it challenging to foster learners’ CT if their own understanding of CT skills and concepts is not well developed. Limited research is available on how multidisciplinary educators perceive and practice CT. The study aimed to identify perceptions and practices of CT among educators from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, and education in higher education in Karachi, Pakistan. A descriptive exploratory qualitative design was used where 12 purposefully selected educators from three disciplines participated. Semi structured interviews were conducted and content analysis was done. Although the findings revealed four major themes, the focus of this paper is limited to the theme of faculty perceptions. Faculty’s perceptions of nature, acquisition, and application of critical thinking are multidimensional and although the educators were from various disciplines their perceptions of critical thinking were analogous. Thus combined efforts by all multidisciplinary educators in a higher education are needed to assist them to actualize their perceptions to promote CT practices in a classroom setting

Nursing Students Critical Thinking and Research Utilization

Background: In the nursing profession critical thinking (CT) has increasingly been the focus of investigation for the past several years. CT dispositions and skills are valuable in nursing practice. Nurses need complex thinking skills to effectively manage the fast-paced and constantly changing health care environments in which they work. CT is also vital in developing evidence-based nursing practice. Nurses who are disposed to think critically are more likely to critically interpret the available evidence, and able to make high quality judgments and draw valid inferences. Currently, no published studies could be located that specifically examined the relationship between Critical Thinking Dispositions CTDs) and research utilization (RU) of undergraduate nursing students. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the critical thinking dispositions (CTDs) and Research Utilization (RU) of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a baccalaureate program at a university in Western Canada. Methods: The study used a sequential mixed method approach. In this paper only quantitative analysis will be reported. A convenient sample of 181 students from a 4 year BScN program for high school graduates, and a 24 months after degree BScN program for individuals admitted with a degree in another discipline completed a background/demographic questionnaire, the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and a modified (shortened) Research Utilization Survey form developed by Estabrooks (1997). Results: The majority of participants (69%) scored below the target score of 280 on the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory. This indicates an overall deficiency in critical thinking dispositions (CTDs). However, participants scored high on overall RU (mean = 3.4/5). Overall critical thinking dispositions were not statistically significantly correlated with all forms of research utilization, with the exception of persuasive research utilization. Conclusions: Approximately 30% of the students in the current study had adequate levels of CTDs. Results indicate a need for students’ continued development in these areas. Dispositions are crucial to critical thinking; without them CT and RU does not happen or may be substandard. Résumé Contexte : Au sein de la profession infirmière, la pensée critique (PC) a de plus en plus fait l’objet de recherches au cours des dernières années. Soulignons que les dispositions et aptitudes pour la PC sont des atouts précieux dans la pratique infirmière. En effet, les infirmières doivent posséder des capacités de pensée complexe pour gérer efficacement les environnements de soins de santé au rythme rapide et en constante évolution dans lesquels elles travaillent. La PC est également essentielle au développement d’une pratique infirmière fondée sur les résultats probants. D’ailleurs, les infirmières disposées à penser de façon critique sont plus susceptibles de jeter un regard critique sur les résultats probants disponibles, de poser un jugement de grande qualité et d’en arriver à des conclusions valables. Or, à ce jour, aucune étude n’a été publiée sur la relation qui existe entre les dispositions à la pensée critique (DsPC) et l’utilisation de la recherche (UR) chez les étudiantes de premier cycle en sciences infirmières. Objet : Cette étude visait à examiner les dispositions à la pensée critique (DsPC) et l’utilisation de la recherche (UR) chez les étudiantes de premier cycle en sciences infirmières qui se sont inscrites à un programme de baccalauréat dans une université de l’Ouest canadien. Méthode : Cette étude est fondée sur une méthode mixte séquentielle. Seules les analyses quantitatives y sont présentées. L’échantillon de convenance était constitué de 181 étudiantes provenant d’un programme de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières de quatre ans destiné aux titulaires d’un diplôme d’études secondaires, ainsi que d’un programme de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières de 24 mois destiné aux candidates admises avec un grade obtenu dans une autre discipline. Ces étudiantes ont rempli un questionnaire sociodémographique, le questionnaire California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory et une version modifiée (raccourcie) du formulaire Research Utilization Survey, élaboré par Estabrooks (1997). Résultats : La majorité des participantes (69%) ont obtenu une note inférieure à la note cible de 280 points au California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Ce résultat indique une lacune générale dans les dispositions à la pensée critique (DsPC). Toutefois, les participantes ont obtenu une note élevée pour l’utilisation de la recherche (moyenne de 3,4/5). Dans l’ensemble, les dispositions à la pensée critique n’étaient pas corrélées d’une manière statistiquement significative avec toutes les formes d’utilisation de la recherche, à l’exception de l’utilisation persuasive de la recherche. Conclusions : Approximativement 30% des étudiantes de la présente étude possédaient un niveau adéquat de dispositions à la pensée critique. Ces résultats laissent donc entendre que les étudiantes ont besoin de continuer à se développer dans ces domaines. Les dispositions à la pensée critique sont cruciales; sans elles, le recours à la pensée critique et l’utilisation de la recherche ne se produisent pas ou peuvent se situer à des niveaux non conformes aux normes

Critical thinking dispositions among newly graduated nurses

wangensteen s., johansson i.s., björkström m.e. & nordström g. (2010) Critical thinking dispositions among newly graduated nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(10), 2170–2181

Enhancing Educators’ skills for promoting Critical Thinking in their classroom discourses: A randomized control trial

The literature reveals that educators find it challenging to foster critical thinking (CT) in their students if they have not learned how to use CT in their educational system or training. This paper reports findings from a national research project that was undertaken to enhance the educators’ ability to promote CT in their teaching practices. Using a randomized control trial design with a pre- and post-test, 91 educators from 14 of the 17 schools of nursing in Pakistan consented to enroll in the study and 72 completed the study. The intervention included 40 hours of learning experience during two workshops that focused on CT. Data were collected, pre- and post-intervention, via observations and audiotaping of the participants teaching sessions for 60-90 minutes. The data obtained was assessed for the educators’ level of questioning, teaching strategies, and facilitation skills. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Compared with the pre- intervention data, findings from the post-intervention data in the experimental group revealed positive changes in their pedagogical skills, including a significant increase in the number of higher order questions that are considered important for developing students’ CT skills. This study affirms that educators must have structured training to use and foster CT in their teaching practices

‘We don't have recipes; we just have loads of ingredients’: explanations of evidence and clinical decision making by speech and language therapists

Rationale, aims and objectives: Research findings consistently suggest that speech and language therapists (SLTs) are failing to draw effectively on research-based evidence to guide clinical practice. This study aimed to examine what constitutes the reasoning provided by SLTs for treatment choices and whether science plays a part in those decisions. Method: This study, based in Ireland, reports on the qualitative phase of a mixed-methods study, which examined attitudes underpinning treatment choices and the therapy process. SLTs were recruited from community, hospital and disability work settings via SLT managers who acted as gatekeepers. A total of three focus groups were run. Data were transcribed, anonymized and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: In total, 48 participants took part in the focus groups. The majority of participants were female, represented senior grades and had basic professional qualifications. Three key themes were identified: practice imperfect; practice as grounded and growing; and critical practice. Findings show that treatment decisions are scaffolded primarily on practice evidence. The uniqueness of each patient results in dynamic and pragmatic practice, constraining the application of unmodified therapies. Conclusion: The findings emerging from the data reflect the complexities and paradoxes of clinical practice as described by SLTs. Practice is pivoted on both the patient and clinician, through their membership of groups and as individuals. Scientific thinking is a component of decision making; a tool with which to approach the various ingredients and the dynamic nature of clinical practice. However, these scientific elements do not necessarily reflect evidence-based practice as typically constructed

Using Interactive Nutrition Modules to Increase Critical Thinking Skills in College Courses

Objective: To understand how the addition of an evidence-based framework to an online nutrition module influences college students’ critical thinking decision making (CT-DM). Design: Students were individually randomized into an intervention group or a control group. The nutrition modules focused on 2 topics related to different types of eating behavior. Students completed a CT-DM activity to generate a score. Participants: College students, between 18 and 24 years old, recruited from introductory nutrition and agriculture science courses at 2 universities. Intervention: Intervention and control received 2 nutrition modules. The intervention added a CT-DM framework that framed the topic as a problem, incorporated activities, and provided scaffolding. Main Outcome Measures: CT-DM was scored using a validated rubric to assess the use of critical thinking skills when making a food-related decision. Green eating and critical thinking disposition were measured. Analysis: Hierarchical linear regression and t tests were used to assess outcomes. Results: A total of 431 students participated (intervention = 203; control = 228). After controlling for university, the intervention group scored significantly higher on CT-DM (18.1 ± 7.6) compared with the control (15.4 ± 8.4); F (3,428) = 14.58, P \u3c .001. Conclusions and Implications: The results show that an evidence-based framework using nutrition topics encourages CT-DM skills. Future higher-education nutrition interventions should use frameworks to enhance student learning

Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Organizational context has the potential to influence the use of new knowledge. However, despite advances in understanding the theoretical base of organizational context, its measurement has not been adequately addressed, limiting our ability to quantify and assess context in healthcare settings and thus, advance development of contextual interventions to improve patient care. We developed the Alberta Context Tool (the ACT) to address this concern. It consists of 58 items representing 10 modifiable contextual concepts. We reported the initial validation of the ACT in 2009. This paper presents the second stage of the psychometric validation of the ACT.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used the <it>Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing </it>to frame our validity assessment. Data from 645 English speaking healthcare aides from 25 urban residential long-term care facilities (nursing homes) in the three Canadian Prairie Provinces were used for this stage of validation. In this stage we focused on: (1) advanced aspects of internal structure (e.g., confirmatory factor analysis) and (2) relations with other variables validity evidence. To assess reliability and validity of scores obtained using the ACT we conducted: Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of variance, and tests of association. We also assessed the performance of the ACT when individual responses were aggregated to the care unit level, because the instrument was developed to obtain unit-level scores of context.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Item-total correlations exceeded acceptable standards (> 0.3) for the majority of items (51 of 58). We ran three confirmatory factor models. Model 1 (all ACT items) displayed unacceptable fit overall and for five specific items (1 item on <it>adequate space for resident care </it>in the Organizational Slack-Space ACT concept and 4 items on use of electronic resources in the Structural and Electronic Resources ACT concept). This prompted specification of two additional models. Model 2 used the 7 scaled ACT concepts while Model 3 used the 3 count-based ACT concepts. Both models displayed substantially improved fit in comparison to Model 1. Cronbach's alpha for the 10 ACT concepts ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 with 2 concepts performing below the commonly accepted standard of 0.70. Bivariate associations between the ACT concepts and instrumental research utilization levels (which the ACT should predict) were statistically significant at the 5% level for 8 of the 10 ACT concepts. The majority (8/10) of the ACT concepts also showed a statistically significant trend of increasing mean scores when arrayed across the lowest to the highest levels of instrumental research use.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The validation process in this study demonstrated additional empirical support for construct validity of the ACT, when completed by healthcare aides in nursing homes. The overall pattern of the data was consistent with the structure hypothesized in the development of the ACT and supports the ACT as an appropriate measure for assessing organizational context in nursing homes. Caution should be applied in using the one space and four electronic resource items that displayed misfit in this study with healthcare aides until further assessments are made.</p