Overview of physics studies on ASDEX Upgrade

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme, jointly run with the EUROfusion MST1 task force, continues to significantly enhance the physics base of ITER and DEMO. Here, the full tungsten wall is a key asset for extrapolating to future devices. The high overall heating power, flexible heating mix and comprehensive diagnostic set allows studies ranging from mimicking the scrape-off-layer and divertor conditions of ITER and DEMO at high density to fully non-inductive operation (q 95 = 5.5, ) at low density. Higher installed electron cyclotron resonance heating power 6 MW, new diagnostics and improved analysis techniques have further enhanced the capabilities of AUG. Stable high-density H-modes with MW m-1 with fully detached strike-points have been demonstrated. The ballooning instability close to the separatrix has been identified as a potential cause leading to the H-mode density limit and is also found to play an important role for the access to small edge-localized modes (ELMs). Density limit disruptions have been successfully avoided using a path-oriented approach to disruption handling and progress has been made in understanding the dissipation and avoidance of runaway electron beams. ELM suppression with resonant magnetic perturbations is now routinely achieved reaching transiently . This gives new insight into the field penetration physics, in particular with respect to plasma flows. Modelling agrees well with plasma response measurements and a helically localised ballooning structure observed prior to the ELM is evidence for the changed edge stability due to the magnetic perturbations. The impact of 3D perturbations on heat load patterns and fast-ion losses have been further elaborated. Progress has also been made in understanding the ELM cycle itself. Here, new fast measurements of and E r allow for inter ELM transport analysis confirming that E r is dominated by the diamagnetic term even for fast timescales. New analysis techniques allow detailed comparison of the ELM crash and are in good agreement with nonlinear MHD modelling. The observation of accelerated ions during the ELM crash can be seen as evidence for the reconnection during the ELM. As type-I ELMs (even mitigated) are likely not a viable operational regime in DEMO studies of 'natural' no ELM regimes have been extended. Stable I-modes up to have been characterised using -feedback. Core physics has been advanced by more detailed characterisation of the turbulence with new measurements such as the eddy tilt angle - measured for the first time - or the cross-phase angle of and fluctuations. These new data put strong constraints on gyro-kinetic turbulence modelling. In addition, carefully executed studies in different main species (H, D and He) and with different heating mixes highlight the importance of the collisional energy exchange for interpreting energy confinement. A new regime with a hollow profile now gives access to regimes mimicking aspects of burning plasma conditions and lead to nonlinear interactions of energetic particle modes despite the sub-Alfvénic beam energy. This will help to validate the fast-ion codes for predicting ITER and DEMO

Active Ageing and Social Services: The Paradox of Empowerment in Russia

The essay describes the adoption of an active ageing policy framework in Russia. Based on semi-structured interviews with elderly Russians, the essay provides evidence of confusion and uncertainty on how to perceive one's own ageing. Research participants understood that the 'paternalistic' view of old age as a time of troubles was now largely viewed as obsolete, yet the new 'optimistic' view of old age as a time of freedom and opportunities often did not reflect their experiences. This mismatch in discourses and practices reflects how participatory empowerment rhetoric, which promotes active ageing, is becoming a justification for more modest state social service provision

Methods for Observation of Turbulence Interaction in case of Geodesic Acoustic Modes

Methods for Observation of Turbulence Interaction in case of GeodesicAcoustic ModesA. Krämer-Flecken1, D. Prisiazhniuk2;3, P. Manz2;31Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung / Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,D–52425 Jülich, Germany2Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, D–85748 Garching, Germany3Physic-Department E28, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, GermanyBeside the observation of turbulence and its characterization, the interaction of small scale tur-bulence structures with mean equilibrium driven flows andEBflows is of major interest tounderstand the energy transfer from the turbulence scale to mesoscales.In the past large efforts are performed to describe interaction of geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs)with ambient turbulence. Due-to nonlinear interaction GAMs modulate the envelope e.g. throughparametric-modulation instability [1]. GAMs are supposed to take the energy from the ambi-ent turbulence and convert it in oscillations of the poloidal velocity. The underlying nonlinearinteraction is mostly studied with bicoherence analysis. But also auto- and cross-correlationtechniques are used to show that the mean flow is modulated by oscillations at the GAM fre-quency. This technique is quite difficult and needs a high sampling frequency with respect tothe GAM frequency.A much more sensitive and reliable technique is the envelope method which monitors the os-cillation of the ambient turbulence by the GAM. In this presentation this method is investigatedespecially for the use in correlation reflectometry which is sensitive to density fluctuations. Ofmajor interest is the question whether this method can be applied for correlation reflectometryinstalled at those poloidal locations where the GAM induced density fluctuations disappear andonly the mean flow is modulated by GAMs. The method is applied and discussed for the cor-relation reflectometry which was installed at TEXTOR and which had antennae arrays on topand low field side. Especially the influence of the filter range will be discussed and the resultingconclusions will be presented.References[1] Y. Nagashima, K. Itoh, S-I. Itoh, et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion,49, 2007, 1611-162