Mission Marmara. Campagne 2006

Mission archéologique en Turquie (Bithynie) appuyée par le Ministère des affaires étrangères français. 2006 : Poursuite des prospections : 1. du versant nord des contreforts occidentaux de l'Olympe de Bithynie/Uludağ ; 2. de la vallée du Nilüfer et de la route de la mer au piémont de l'Olympe/Uludağ ; 3. de la rive gauche du Rhyndakos (Koca dere) ; 4. de la côte au nord

The Fetal Hypothalamus Has the Potential to Generate Cells with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Phenotype

Neurospheres (NS) are colonies of neural stem and precursor cells capable of differentiating into the central nervous system (CNS) cell lineages upon appropriate culture conditions: neurons, and glial cells. NS were originally derived from the embryonic and adult mouse striatum subventricular zone. More recently, experimental evidence substantiated the isolation of NS from almost any region of the CNS, including the hypothalamus. Here we report a protocol that enables to generate large quantities of NS from both fetal and adult rat hypothalami. We found that either FGF-2 or EGF were capable of inducing NS formation from fetal hypothalamic cultures, but that only FGF-2 is effective in the adult cultures. The hypothalamic-derived NS are capable of differentiating into neurons and glial cells and most notably, as demonstrated by immunocytochemical detection with a specific anti-GnRH antibody, the fetal cultures contain cells that exhibit a GnRH phenotype upon differentiation. This in vitro model should be useful to study the molecular mechanisms involved in GnRH neuronal differentiation

Aldo Keto Reductase 1B7 and Prostaglandin F2α Are Regulators of Adrenal Endocrine Functions

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), represses ovarian steroidogenesis and initiates parturition in mammals but its impact on adrenal gland is unknown. Prostaglandins biosynthesis depends on the sequential action of upstream cyclooxygenases (COX) and terminal synthases but no PGF2α synthases (PGFS) were functionally identified in mammalian cells. In vitro, the most efficient mammalian PGFS belong to aldo-keto reductase 1B (AKR1B) family. The adrenal gland is a major site of AKR1B expression in both human (AKR1B1) and mouse (AKR1B3, AKR1B7). Thus, we examined the PGF2α biosynthetic pathway and its functional impact on both cortical and medullary zones. Both compartments produced PGF2α but expressed different biosynthetic isozymes. In chromaffin cells, PGF2α secretion appeared constitutive and correlated to continuous expression of COX1 and AKR1B3. In steroidogenic cells, PGF2α secretion was stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and correlated to ACTH-responsiveness of both COX2 and AKR1B7/B1. The pivotal role of AKR1B7 in ACTH-induced PGF2α release and functional coupling with COX2 was demonstrated using over- and down-expression in cell lines. PGF2α receptor was only detected in chromaffin cells, making medulla the primary target of PGF2α action. By comparing PGF2α-responsiveness of isolated cells and whole adrenal cultures, we demonstrated that PGF2α repressed glucocorticoid secretion by an indirect mechanism involving a decrease in catecholamine release which in turn decreased adrenal steroidogenesis. PGF2α may be regarded as a negative autocrine/paracrine regulator within a novel intra-adrenal feedback loop. The coordinated cell-specific regulation of COX2 and AKR1B7 ensures the generation of this stress-induced corticostatic signal

Introduction: Debates on Experience and Empiricism in Nineteenth Century France

The lasting effects of the debate over canon-formation during the 1980s affected the whole field of Humanities, which became increasingly engaged in interrogating the origin and function of the Western canon (Gorak 1991; Searle 1990). In philosophy, a great deal of criticism was, as a result, directed at the traditional narrative of seventeenth-and eighteenth-century philosophies—a critique informed by postcolonialism (Park 2013) as well as feminist historiography (Shapiro 2016). D. F. Norton (1981), L. Loeb (1981) and many others1 attempted to demonstrate the weaknesses of the tripartite division between rationalism, empiricism and critical philosophy.2 As time went on, symptoms of dissatisfaction with what has been called the “standard narrative” ( Vanzo 2013) and the “epistemological par-adigm” (Haakonssen 2004, 2006) only increased. Indeed, at present, a consensus has been reached that the narrative of the antagonism between “Continental rationalism” and “British empiricism”, and the consequent Aufhebung provided by “German critical philosophy,” has been unable to make sense of the complexity, variety and dynamics of early modern.Fil: Antoine-Mahut, Delphine. Ecole Normale Supérieure; FranciaFil: Manzo, Silvia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

A method for assessing tourist potential and use of geomorphological sites

Cette contribution présente une méthode permettant d’évaluer les valeurs touristique et d’exploitation des sites géomorphologiques dans un contexte touristique et de loisirs. Son but est de proposer des critères pour qualifier et quantifier leur potentiel en termes de valeurs scénique, scientifique, historico-culturelle et socio-économique ainsi que l’utilisation de ce potentiel en termes de degré (utilisation spatio-temporelle) et de modalité (utilisation des quatre valeurs citées) d’exploitation. Concernant la valeur scientifique, les critères suivants sont pris en compte : intérêt paléogéographique, représentativité, rareté naturelle, intégrité et intérêt écologique. Cette méthode a été développée à partir de sites géomorphologiques (glaciaires, karstiques et hydrographiques) des régions de Chamonix Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie, France) et Crans-Montana-Sierre (Valais, Suisse). Dans cet article, l’évaluation de la valeur touristique et de ses éléments constitutifs est présentée et développée dans un premier temps. L’évaluation de la valeur d’exploitation permet ensuite de définir la notion d’intensité d’utilisation. Enfin, une comparaison des deux premières étapes est conduite afin d’analyser et de discuter le potentiel et l’utilisation des sites géomorphologiques étudiés.This paper presents a method for assessing tourist and exploitation values of geomorphological sites in a tourist and recreational context. Its aim is to propose criteria to quantify and qualify their potential in terms of scenic/aesthetic, scientific, cultural/historical, and social/economic values, and the use of this potential in terms of degree (spatial and temporal use) and modality (use of the four mentioned values) of exploitation. Concerning the scientific value, the following criteria are taken into account: palaeogeographical interest, representativeness, natural rarity, integrity and ecological interest. This method was based on the study of geomorphological sites (glacial, karstic, and hydrographic) of the areas of Chamonix Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie, France) and Crans-Montana-Sierre (Valais, Switzerland). In this paper, the assessment of the tourist value and of its components is first presented and developed. Then, the assessment of the exploitation value allows the notion of use intensity to be determined. Finally, a comparison of the two first stages is carried out in order to analyse and discuss the potential and use of the studied geomorphological sites

Existe-t-il un risque d'installation d'une nouvelle espèce de Leishmania en France méditerranéenne ?

International audienc

Mission Marmara. Campagne 2006

Mission archéologique en Turquie (Bithynie) appuyée par le Ministère des affaires étrangères français. 2006 : Poursuite des prospections : 1. du versant nord des contreforts occidentaux de l'Olympe de Bithynie/Uludağ ; 2. de la vallée du Nilüfer et de la route de la mer au piémont de l'Olympe/Uludağ ; 3. de la rive gauche du Rhyndakos (Koca dere) ; 4. de la côte au nord

Des stents fabriqués par fusion sélective laser

Les stents en Nitinol, un alliage de mémoire de forme, sont habituellement usinés par découpe laser. Dans cette étude, les auteurs ont utilisé la fusion sélective par laser (SLM) pour imprimer ces stents afin de proposer une alternative viable pour la production de composants métalliques de forme 3D complexe, difficiles à produire par usinage traditionnel. L’électropolissage a amélioré la qualité de surface de ces stents