The Scientific Publications of Charles Eric Dawson (1948-1990)

By the time Charles Eric Dawson died on February 11, 1993, he had produced a total of 150 published papers. His contributions represent an important chapter in the ichthyological investigations of marine fishes. His work on fishes of the Americas and on the taxonomy of pipe fishes will long be remembered as two of his most significant and outstanding achievements. Although tribute to this Canadian-American Ichthyologist and longtime Senior Ichthyologist and curator of the ichthyological research collection at the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory is presented elsewhere (Overstreet and Poss, Copeia 1993(3):921-925), it is appropriate that the extensive bibliography of one of GCRL\u27s most productive scientists is compiled and made available to other researchers who will follow in his footsteps. These publications are listed chronologically

The Scientific Publications of Charles Eric Dawson (1948-1990)

By the time Charles Eric Dawson died on February 11, 1993, he had produced a total of 150 published papers. His contributions represent an important chapter in the ichthyological investigations of marine fishes. His work on fishes of the Americas and on the taxonomy of pipe fishes will long be remembered as two of his most significant and outstanding achievements. Although tribute to this Canadian-American Ichthyologist and longtime Senior Ichthyologist and curator of the ichthyological research collection at the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory is presented elsewhere (Overstreet and Poss, Copeia 1993(3):921-925), it is appropriate that the extensive bibliography of one of GCRL\u27s most productive scientists is compiled and made available to other researchers who will follow in his footsteps. These publications are listed chronologically

Accurate 3-D Morphological Measurement Using a Structured-Light Range Sensor

A single-plane structured light range-sensor was tested to establish its usefulness in acquiring 3-D measurements of fish skulls. Twenty-one distances among 22 landmark points for each of 12 neurocrania of the scorpaenid fish Neomerinthe hemingway were taken with digital calipers, with a video-based 2-D imaging system widely used in systematic studies, and with a single-plane structured-light range sensor of inexpensive and simple design. Measures taken by 3-D sensor are highly correlated with those obtained from caliper measurement (r = 0.9995, P \u3c\u3c 0.001 ), with a precision ranging from 0.08–0.43 mm. Like caliper-based measurements, they are less strongly correlated with measurements derived from projected video-imaging. Most skulls were scanned in just over 3 minutes each. Range maps, typically establishing the (x,y,z) coordinates of more than 75,000 points per scan, can be obtained in about 40–50 CPU seconds using software running on multiple platforms. Sensor data taken from different views can be merged to build a more complete 3-D reconstruction. System design, calibration, and use are discussed. By eliminating error due to perspective effects inherent in measuring from projected video images, such sensors hold considerable promise in quantifying biological shape in 3-D for comparative and functional studies

Charles Eric Chuck Dawson, 1922-1993 [in Memoriam]

Obituary of Charles Eric Chuck Dawson, 1922-1993, American marine ichthyologist

Taxonomy and Systematics of the Velvetfishes (Pisces: Aploactinidae).

The Indo-Pacific marine fish family Aploactinidae is comprised of 38 species in 5 genera. Eight of the genera (Acanthosphex, Adventor, Aploactis, Aploactisoma, Neaploactis, Peristrominous, Prosoproctus, and Sthenopus) are monotypic. The genus Cocotropus is comprised of 10 species of which 3 are new to science. Erisphex contains at least 4 species; Paraploactis includes 7 species; Xenaploactis and Kanekonia contain 3 species each. There are two groups of velvetfishes. Those with a fleshy modification of the anterior part of the isthmus (Aploactininae), comprising 35 species, are closely related to the southern Australian Pataecidae which have lost the stay completely. The second group, including Acanthosphex and Bathyaploactis and recognized as a subfamily Bathyaploactininae, have branchiostegal membranes fused to the isthmus. The reduction of the pseudobranch, shape of the infraorbital stay, and the relation between the neural spines and dorsal pterygiophores suggest bathyaploactinines are most closely related to aploactinids. Seventy-one cladistic characters were analyzed for patterns of logical consistency using character compatibility analysis. Three sets of 20 characters represent the largest number of characters capable of being simultaneously true partial estimates of evolutionary history. The analysis of character state evolution indicates that either the presence of a dorsal fin origin over the cranium and enlarged and movable preorbital spines have evolved independently in tetrarogine scorpaenids and aploactinids or that these features have been lost more than once in the latter group. That the upper branchial elements, caudal skeleton, and skin are similarly modified in synanceiine scorpaenids is tentatively regarded as evidence of propinquity. Unbranched rays in all fins, blunt spines, and scales which form spinous points, features traditionally used to characterize the Aploactinidae, are either not restricted to the family or are not present in all species.Ph.D.ZoologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/158900/1/8215069.pd

Redescription of the Indo-Pacific Scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis fowleri and Reallocation to the Genus Sebastapistes

The wide-ranging Indo-Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaenodes fowleri (Pietschmann), long placed in the genus Scorpaenopsis (largely because it lacks palatine teeth), is reclassified in the genus Sebastapistes. It is distinct from the species of Scorpaenopsis in several features: eye not extending above the dorsal profile of the head, large pores of the cephalic lateralis system, nasal pore above and adjacent to posterior nostril with a very small retrorse nasal spine (may be absent) on its upper edge, low ridgelike spines dorsally on the head, preocular spine usually embedded, sphenotic and postorbital spines absent or embedded; posterior lacrimal spine projecting slightly anteriorly, and a single spine posteriorly on the suborbital ridge with a pore-associated spine just below the ridge under the posterior third of the eye. Also significant is its very small size, the smallest of the Scorpaenidae (largest specimen, 37 mm SL; smallest mature female, 18 mm SL). The loss of palatine teeth appears to have occurred independently from the species of Scorpaenopsis. Sebastapistes fowleri is closest to S. strongia, the type species of the genus. In addition to having palatine teeth, S. strongia differs in the strongly retrorse posterior lacrimal spine and in having two spines on the suborbital ridge. The limits of Sebastapistes need reevaluation

Eschmeyer nexus, a new genus and species of scorpaenid fish from Fiji

Volume: 96Start Page: 309End Page: 31

Influence of heme oxygenase 1 modulation on the progression of murine collagen-induced arthritis.

Contains fulltext : 48023.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) can be induced by inflammatory mediators as an adaptive response. The objective of the present study was to determine the consequences of HO-1 modulation in the murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. METHODS: DBA/1J mice were treated with an inhibitor of HO-1, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), or with an inducer of HO-1, cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), from day 22 to day 29 after CIA induction. The clinical evolution of disease was monitored visually. At the end of the experiment, joints were examined for histopathologic changes. Cytokine levels in paws were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of HO-1, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. Effects of treatments on the early phase of disease and after prophylactic administration were also assessed. RESULTS: CoPP strongly induced HO-1, resulting in the inhibition of cartilage erosion accompanied by extensive fibrosis in the joint. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-10 were inhibited by CoPP, whereas levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were increased. Treatment with SnPP significantly reduced the severity of CIA, with inhibition of joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. The levels of PGE2, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha were also significantly reduced by SnPP treatment, which did not modify COX-2 protein expression. SnPP was more effective than CoPP in preventing the development of CIA (prophylactic administration). CONCLUSION: HO-1 is induced during CIA. Although overexpression of this protein causes some beneficial effects, strategies aimed at HO-1 overexpression cannot slow the progression of the chronic inflammatory disease, whereas treatment with SnPP, which inhibits HO-1, exerts prophylactic and therapeutic effects

Hemopexin Prevents Endothelial Damage and Liver Congestion in a Mouse Model of Heme Overload

Intravascular hemolysis results in the release of massive amounts of hemoglobin and heme into plasma, where they are rapidly bound by haptoglobin and hemopexin, respectively. Data from haptoglobin and hemopexin knockout mice have shown that both proteins protect from renal damage after phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis, whereas double-mutant mice were especially prone to liver damage. However, the specific role of hemopexin remains elusive because of the difficulty in discriminating between hemoglobin and heme recovery. To study the specific role of hemopexin in intravascular hemolysis, we established a mouse model of heme overload. Under these conditions, both endothelial activation and vascular permeability were significantly higher in hemopexin-null mice compared with wild-type controls. Vascular permeability was particularly altered in the liver, where congestion in the centrolobular area was believed to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Liver damage in hemopexin- null mice may be prevented by induction of heme oxygenase-1 before heme overload. Furthermore, heme-treated hemopexin-null mice exhibited hyperbilirubinemia, prolonged heme oxygenase-1 expression, excessive heme metabolism, and lack of H-ferritin induction in the liver compared with heme-treated wild-type controls. Moreover, these mutant mice metabolize an excess of heme in the kidney. These studies highlight the importance of hemopexin in heme detoxification, thus suggesting that drugs mimicking hemopexin activity might be useful to prevent endothelial damage in patients suffering from hemolytic disorders