Remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos por el bosque urbano en el valle de Aburrá

Los bosques urbanos prestan diferentes servicios ecosistémicos, tales como la remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos, la captura de carbono, la regulación hídrica y microclimática, y la oferta de hábitat para la fauna silvestre. Esto mejora la calidad ambiental y el bienestar de la población. En este estudio se analizó la estructura del bosque urbano del valle de Aburrá y se estimó y valoró su aporte a la remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos mediante el software i-Tree Eco. Para esto se establecieron 398 parcelas de muestreo forestal y se utilizó información secundaria sobre las condiciones climáticas y de contaminación. Se encontró un 23% de cobertura arbórea en el área de estudio y una remoción de 228 toneladas de contaminantes por año (valor aproximado de 2.1 millones USD). Finalmente, se recomiendan estrategias para la optimización de este servicio y la creación de mecanismos para compensar la pérdida de coberturas arbóreas

Remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos por el bosque urbano en el valle de Aburrá

Urban forests provide different ecosystem services including air pollution removal, carbon storage and sequestration, microclimate and water regulation, and habitat for wildlife. This results in the improvement of environmental quality and population’s welfare. In this study, we evaluated the urban forest structure in the Aburra Valley, and quantified and valuated the pollutant removal by urban trees using the “i-Tree” Eco software. We established 398 plots for forest sampling, and used secondary information about climatic conditions and air pollution. Results reveal that there is 23% of tree coverage in the study area, and a pollutant removal of 228 tons per year (2.1 million USD value approximately). Finally, we recommended strategies to optimize the pollutant removal by the urban forest and to create mechanisms for compensation of tree cover loss.Los bosques urbanos prestan diferentes servicios ecosistémicos, tales como la remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos, la captura de carbono, la regulación hídrica y microclimática, y la oferta de hábitat para la fauna silvestre. Esto mejora la calidad ambiental y el bienestar de la población. En este estudio se analizó la estructura del bosque urbano del valle de Aburrá y se estimó y valoró su aporte a la remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos mediante el software i-Tree Eco. Para esto se establecieron 398 parcelas de muestreo forestal y se utilizó información secundaria sobre las condiciones climáticas y de contaminación. Se encontró un 23% de cobertura arbórea en el área de estudio y una remoción de 228 toneladas de contaminantes por año (valor aproximado de 2.1 millones USD). Finalmente, se recomiendan estrategias para la optimización de este servicio y la creación de mecanismos para compensar la pérdida de coberturas arbóreas

Intravitreal methotrexate in type B lymphoblastic leukemia—Case Report

Leukemia is a common neoplasia that, in its progress, can have ocular involvement due to direct infiltration or secondary to hematological alterations typical of the disease. These findings are consistent with an involvement of the central nervous system and are thus related to the prognosis. Despite the existing systemic therapies, there needs to be more literature that shows the treatment in the ocular involvement of this disease. A case report of a child with ocular involvement due to treatment-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia, successfully managed with intravitreal methotrexate, is presented

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Using Landscape Pattern Metrics to Characterize Ecoregions

Ecological regions, or ecoregions, are areas that exhibit “relative homogeneity in ecosystems”. The principal objective of this research was to determine if and how landscape structure (quantified by landscape pattern metrics) may be related to ecoregions defined using Omernik’s approach to ecoregionalization. Nine key landscape pattern metrics (number or LULC classes and the proportion of each class, number of patches, mean patch size and area-weighted fractal dimension, perimeter-area fractal dimension, contagion, mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance and interspersion and juxtaposition index) where used to asses landscape structure in a sample of 26 Omernik Level III ecoregions located in the central United States. The results indicated that the behavior of most of the metrics (such as Number of Patches, Mean Patch Size, Mean Euclidean Nearest Neighbor, and Contagion) could only be explained when they were considered in context with the other metrics. There were significant correlations among several of the metrics used, reasserting the redundancy of information provided by some of these indices. Adviser: James Merchan

A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock

Twist exome capture allows for lower average sequence coverage in clinical exome sequencing

Background Exome and genome sequencing are the predominant techniques in the diagnosis and research of genetic disorders. Sufficient, uniform and reproducible/consistent sequence coverage is a main determinant for the sensitivity to detect single-nucleotide (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Here we compared the ability to obtain comprehensive exome coverage for recent exome capture kits and genome sequencing techniques. Results We compared three different widely used enrichment kits (Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V5, Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V7 and Twist Bioscience) as well as short-read and long-read WGS. We show that the Twist exome capture significantly improves complete coverage and coverage uniformity across coding regions compared to other exome capture kits. Twist performance is comparable to that of both short- and long-read whole genome sequencing. Additionally, we show that even at a reduced average coverage of 70× there is only minimal loss in sensitivity for SNV and CNV detection. Conclusion We conclude that exome sequencing with Twist represents a significant improvement and could be performed at lower sequence coverage compared to other exome capture techniques

Efectos del mercurio sobre algunas plantas acuáticas tropicales

This paper describes the effects of mercury on some aquatic plants of the tropics and their habitats. Additionally, a protocol for toxicity tests in duckweed (Lemna minor) is recommended, and the results of preliminary tests with salts of mercury under laboratory conditions are given. It was found that mercury is in different toxicity and bioavailability forms depending on the factors that facilitate the solubilization of this element in the water. Many plants act as bioindicators because they withhold the metal selectively, while others are bioaccumulators since they tolerate and accumulate them in their structures producing biomagnification through the food web. The preliminary tests carried out in Lemna minor suggest that the appropriate concentrations for the toxicity tests are between 0,01 mg/L and 10,0 mg/L for Hg.El presente artículo es una descripción de los efectos del mercurio sobre algunas plantas acuáticas tropicales y sobre los ecosistemas donde habitan. Adicionalmente, se recomienda un protocolo para realizar pruebas de toxicidad con la lenteja de agua (Lemna minor) y se presentan los resultados de los preensayos con diferentes concentraciones de sales de mercurio en condiciones de laboratorio. Se encontró que la biodisponibilidad del mercurio depende de factores que facilitan la disolución del elemento en el agua. Algunas plantas actúan como bioindicadores de la presencia de este metal en el medio al retenerlo selectivamente; mientras que otras se comportan como bioacumuladoras al tolerar su presencia y acumularlo en su estructura, y pueden dar paso a la bioconcentración a través de la cadena trófica. De acuerdo con los preensayos de toxicidad realizados con Lemna minor se sugiere que las concentraciones de sal de mercurio adecuadas para la realización de pruebas de toxicidad deben estar entre 0,01 mg/L y 10,0 mg/L