Enfoque del matrimonio en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico peruano.

En la presente monografía se ha analizado comparativamente la evolución del matrimonio en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico de acuerdo a la evolución histórica del divorcio y las consecuencias de la desintegración familiar, partiendo de definir adecuadamente los institutos jurídicos involucrados para luego confrontarlos con las teorías sobre el matrimonio y el divorcio, analizándolos tanto en la legislación nacional y extranjera, como en la jurisprudencia, de todo lo cual se extraen conclusiones que revelan las ventajas y desventajas del actual ordenamiento normativo sobre la materia.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Finanzas personales y efectos económicos en época de pandemia en las familias de la Urb. Los Pinos, Carabayllo-2021

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha debilitado la economía global, entre ellas la de nuestro país y sus habitantes, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar cómo las finanzas personales mitigaron los efectos económicos en épocas de pandemia en las familias de la Urb. Los Pinos, Carabayllo-2021. El enfoque fue cuantitativo de tipo aplicada, con un diseño no experimental longitudinal, contó con un nivel explicativo, puesto que se pretendió demostrar si la aplicación de las finanzas personales mitigó los efectos económicos en épocas de pandemia en las familias de la Urb. Los Pinos, Cabayllo-2021. Los resultados obtenidos después de realizar capacitaciones sobre finanzas personales señalaron que del 59% casi siempre sus ingresos superan sus egresos; respecto a la evaluación del presupuesto familiar, el 89% casi siempre revisa su estado antes de solicitar un préstamo o crédito bancario. Asimismo, en el caso de préstamos para responder ante deudas, el 89% nunca recurrió a financiamiento; es decir, optaron por racionalizar sus gastos y pagar su deuda con ahorro. Se llegó a la conclusión que las finanzas personales, su entendimiento y aplicación contribuyó a mitigar los efectos económicos en épocas de pandemia, otorgando estabilidad económica a las familias para escenarios similares

Aplicativo ‘Seguridad 365’ para la prevención e investigación del delito contra el patrimonio en el distrito de Santiago de Surco

La delincuencia común en Lima, viene afectando a la población de manera preocupante, apreciándose un incremento considerable de la incidencia delictiva según las estadísticas registradas en el INEI y en la Policía Nacional. El delito contra el patrimonio como el robo de dinero y teléfonos móviles a transeúntes y asistentes en locales comerciales, con armas de fuego y excesivo uso de la violencia, configura una problemática de inseguridad que demanda mayor atención del Estado. Estudiar el problema en su real dimensión resulta complejo, por ello y factores presupuestales y de recursos limitados, la presente investigación se ha enfocado en el análisis de una localidad, tomando como referente al distrito de Santiago de Surco, por estar entre los de mayor dimensión territorial e incluir zonas de diferente nivel socio económico y lugar de tránsito para las personas que cruzan la ciudad la ciudad de Lima y por estar siendo objeto de las modalidades delictivas antes enunciadas, que afectan la vida y tranquilidad de los ciudadanos. El objetivo del presente estudio se concentra en el problema público que enfrenta el presente trabajo de investigación es: la deficiente implementación y uso de la tecnología disponible, en las comunicaciones entre el ciudadano y las fuerzas del orden como las comisarías y la capacidad de respuesta que se brinda ante los requerimientos de la ciudadanía, la necesidad de sistematización de la información compartida entre tales actores, su posterior accesibilidad y usabilidad en el planeamiento de las operaciones policiales de prevención e investigación del delito. Es ese sentido se propone como proyecto de innovación brindar una herramienta informática, que brinde un espacio seguro y fluido para las comunicaciones e información compartida en las comisarías, que difunda entre el personal de patrullaje en forma instantánea el requerimiento del ciudadano que se encuentra en peligro o atestigua algún hecho delictivo, procurando una respuesta policial inmediata y efectiva. El presente proyecto de innovación consiste en un aplicativo móvil denominado Seguridad 365, para interacción de la comunidad organizada y la Policía Nacional del Perú, y permitirá a los ciudadanos, conformados por juntas vecinales y red de cooperantes, alertar a la policía sobre la comisión hechos delictivos, antes, durante y después de ocurrido, transmitiendo texto, voz, imagen y video. La alerta sería enviada de forma simultánea a la comisaría y a los policías que se encuentran patrullando en las proximidades, procurando la atención inmediata y contribuir a la prevención e investigación del delito en el distrito, especialmente contra el patrimonio, en principio en la localidad del distrito de Santiago de Surco.Common crime in Lima has been affecting the population in a worrying way, with a considerable increase in the incidence of crime according to statistics recorded by INEI and the National Police. The crime against property, such as the theft of money and cell phones from passers-by and shop assistants, with firearms and excessive use of violence, is a problem of insecurity that demands greater attention from the State. For this reason, and due to budgetary factors and limited resources, this research has focused on the analysis of one locality, taking as a reference the district of Santiago de Surco, because it is among the largest and includes areas of different economic level, central location of Lima and transit area between the four peripheral areas of the city of Lima, North cone, South cone, East cone and West cone, and also because it is being subject to the criminal modalities mentioned above, which affect the life and tranquility of the citizens. The objective of this study focuses on establishing the existence of deficiencies in the implementation and use of available technology, in the aspects of communications between citizens and law enforcement agencies such as police stations and the response capacity provided to the requirements of citizens, the need to systematize the information shared between such actors, its subsequent accessibility and usability in the planning of police operations for crime prevention and investigation. In this sense, it is proposed as an innovation project to provide a computer tool that provides a safe and fluid space for communications and information shared in police stations, which instantly disseminates among patrol personnel the request of the citizen who is in danger or witnesses a criminal act, ensuring an immediate and effective police response. This innovation project consists of a mobile application called Security 365, for interaction between the organized community and the National Police of Peru, and will allow citizens, formed by neighborhood councils and cooperating network, to alert the police about the commission of criminal acts, before, during and after they occur, transmitting text, voice, image and video. The alert would be sent simultaneously to the police station and to the police officers patrolling in the vicinity, seeking immediate attention and contributing to the prevention and investigation of crime in the district, especially against property, initially in the district of Santiago de Surco

Evaluación de las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales del pan de molde enriquecido con Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) y Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Bread is a widely consumed food, which has wheat as its basic ingredient; there are various formulations that include flour from different cereal sources. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of including Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) and Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of bread leaf. The preparation of ​​bread leaf was developed with the direct dough method; the mixture was carried out with a simple mixture design and only the three formulations with the highest protein contents were selected., F1(trigo, Kiwicha, Cañihua: 73 %, 17 %, 10 %); F2 (wheat, Kiwicha, Cañihua: 73 %, 20 %, 7 %) and F3 (wheat, Kiwicha, Cañihua: 70%, 20%, 10%); F0 was considered as control: bread leaf made with 100% wheat flour. The physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using a complete randomized design (RCD), with Tukey's test (p ≤ 0,05) and sensory properties with Friedman's test (p ≤ 0,05). The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics were different (p ≤ 0,05) except for pH and titratable acids. The F3 formulation reported lower alanine content and higher leucine content with 0,10 to 1,79 g of amino acid (AA) per 100 g of protein pure, determined in (g/100 g of original sample and factor 6,25), respectively. In the bread crust, the L* color analysis was higher in formulation F3 (50,0) (p ≤ 0,05) while the other formulations F1 and F2 varied. Sensorily, the F0 treatment had greater acceptability, however, in the prepared breads (F1, F2 and F3) the content of iron, amino acids and macronutrients stands out. It is concluded that breads made with the addition of Kiwicha and Cañihua to the flour formulation are a good source of proteins, iron, and amino acids.El pan es un alimento de consumo masivo, que tiene como ingrediente básico al trigo; existen diversas formulaciones en la que incluyen harina de distintas fuentes de cereales. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de Kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) y Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) en las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales del pan de molde. La elaboración del pan de molde se desarrolló con el método de masa directa; la mezcla se realizó con diseño de mezclas simples y se seleccionaron solo las tres formulaciones con los contenidos más altos de proteínas, F1 (trigo, Kiwicha, Cañihua: 73 %, 17 %, 10 %); F2 (trigo, Kiwicha, Cañihua: 73 %, 20 %, 7 %) y F3 (trigo, Kiwicha, Cañihua: 70 %, 20 %, 10 %); se consideró como control F0: pan de molde elaborado con 100 % de harina de trigo. Las características fisicoquímicas se analizaron mediante diseño completo al azar (DCA), con prueba de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05) y las propiedades sensoriales se analizaron con la prueba de Friedman (p ≤ 0,05). Los resultados mostraron que las características fisicoquímicas fueron diferentes (p ≤ 0,05), a excepción del pH y acidez titulable. La formulación F3, reportó menor contenido de alanina y mayor cantidad leucina con 0,10 a 1,79 g de aminoácido (AA) por 100 g de proteína pura, determinada en (g/100 g de muestra original y factor 6,25), respectivamente. En la corteza de pan, el análisis de color L* fue mayor en la formulación F3 (50,0) (p ≤ 0,05) mientras que las otras formulaciones variaron F1 y F2. Sensorialmente, el tratamiento F0 tuvo mayor aceptabilidad, sin embargo, en los panes elaborados (F1, F2 y F3) se destaca el contenido de hierro, aminoácidos y macronutrientes. Se concluye que los panes elaborados con adición de Kiwicha y Cañihua a la formulación de la harina son una buena fuente de proteínas, hierro y aminoácidos

Mucins and Pathogenic Mucin-Like Molecules Are Immunomodulators During Infection and Targets for Diagnostics and Vaccines

Mucins and mucin-like molecules are highly O-glycosylated proteins present on the cell surface of mammals and other organisms. These glycoproteins are highly diverse in the apoprotein and glycan cores and play a central role in many biological processes and diseases. Mucins are the most abundant macromolecules in mucus and are responsible for its biochemical and biophysical properties. Mucin-like molecules cover various protozoan parasites, fungi and viruses. In humans, modifications in mucin glycosylation are associated with tumors in epithelial tissue. These modifications allow the distinction between normal and abnormal cell conditions and represent important targets for vaccine development against some cancers. Mucins and mucin-like molecules derived from pathogens are potential diagnostic markers and targets for therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, role as immunomodulators, and the correlation of human mucins with diseases and perform a comparative analysis of mucins with mucin-like molecules present in human pathogens. Furthermore, we review the methods to produce pathogenic and human mucins using chemical synthesis and expression systems. Finally, we present applications of mucin-like molecules in diagnosis and prevention of relevant human diseases

Comparative Analysis of Serine/Arginine-Rich Proteins across 27 Eukaryotes: Insights into Sub-Family Classification and Extent of Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA is a fundamental molecular process that generates diversity in the transcriptome and proteome of eukaryotic organisms. SR proteins, a family of splicing regulators with one or two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) at the N-terminus and an arg/ser-rich domain at the C-terminus, function in both constitutive and alternative splicing. We identified SR proteins in 27 eukaryotic species, which include plants, animals, fungi and “basal” eukaryotes that lie outside of these lineages. Using RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) as a phylogenetic marker, we classified 272 SR genes into robust sub-families. The SR gene family can be split into five major groupings, which can be further separated into 11 distinct sub-families. Most flowering plants have double or nearly double the number of SR genes found in vertebrates. The majority of plant SR genes are under purifying selection. Moreover, in all paralogous SR genes in Arabidopsis, rice, soybean and maize, one of the two paralogs is preferentially expressed throughout plant development. We also assessed the extent of AS in SR genes based on a splice graph approach (http://combi.cs.colostate.edu/as/gmap_SRgenes). AS of SR genes is a widespread phenomenon throughout multiple lineages, with alternative 3′ or 5′ splicing events being the most prominent type of event. However, plant-enriched sub-families have 57%–88% of their SR genes experiencing some type of AS compared to the 40%–54% seen in other sub-families. The SR gene family is pervasive throughout multiple eukaryotic lineages, conserved in sequence and domain organization, but differs in gene number across lineages with an abundance of SR genes in flowering plants. The higher number of alternatively spliced SR genes in plants emphasizes the importance of AS in generating splice variants in these organisms

A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows

We present a framework for characterizing the spatiotemporal power spectrum of the variability expected from the horizon-scale emission structure around supermassive black holes, and we apply this framework to a library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and associated general relativistic ray-traced images relevant for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A*. We find that the variability power spectrum is generically a red-noise process in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, with the peak in power occurring on the longest timescales and largest spatial scales. When both the time-averaged source structure and the spatially integrated light-curve variability are removed, the residual power spectrum exhibits a universal broken power-law behavior. On small spatial frequencies, the residual power spectrum rises as the square of the spatial frequency and is proportional to the variance in the centroid of emission. Beyond some peak in variability power, the residual power spectrum falls as that of the time-averaged source structure, which is similar across simulations; this behavior can be naturally explained if the variability arises from a multiplicative random field that has a steeper high-frequency power-law index than that of the time-averaged source structure. We briefly explore the ability of power spectral variability studies to constrain physical parameters relevant for the GRMHD simulations, which can be scaled to provide predictions for black holes in a range of systems in the optically thin regime. We present specific expectations for the behavior of the M87* and Sgr A* accretion flows as observed by the EHT

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass

In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We find that the Sgr A* data exhibit variability that exceeds what can be explained by the uncertainties in the data or by the effects of interstellar scattering. The magnitude of this variability can be a substantial fraction of the correlated flux density, reaching ∼100% on some baselines. Through an exploration of simple geometric source models, we demonstrate that ring-like morphologies provide better fits to the Sgr A* data than do other morphologies with comparable complexity. We develop two strategies for fitting static geometric ring models to the time-variable Sgr A* data; one strategy fits models to short segments of data over which the source is static and averages these independent fits, while the other fits models to the full data set using a parametric model for the structural variability power spectrum around the average source structure. Both geometric modeling and image-domain feature extraction techniques determine the ring diameter to be 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible intervals), with the ring thickness constrained to have an FWHM between ∼30% and 50% of the ring diameter. To bring the diameter measurements to a common physical scale, we calibrate them using synthetic data generated from GRMHD simulations. This calibration constrains the angular size of the gravitational radius to be 4.8−0.7+1.4 μas, which we combine with an independent distance measurement from maser parallaxes to determine the mass of Sgr A* to be 4.0−0.6+1.1×106 M ⊙

Characterizing and Mitigating Intraday Variability: Reconstructing Source Structure in Accreting Black Holes with mm-VLBI

The extraordinary physical resolution afforded by the Event Horizon Telescope has opened a window onto the astrophysical phenomena unfolding on horizon scales in two known black holes, M87* and Sgr A*. However, with this leap in resolution has come a new set of practical complications. Sgr A* exhibits intraday variability that violates the assumptions underlying Earth aperture synthesis, limiting traditional image reconstruction methods to short timescales and data sets with very sparse (u, v) coverage. We present a new set of tools to detect and mitigate this variability. We develop a data-driven, model-agnostic procedure to detect and characterize the spatial structure of intraday variability. This method is calibrated against a large set of mock data sets, producing an empirical estimator of the spatial power spectrum of the brightness fluctuations. We present a novel Bayesian noise modeling algorithm that simultaneously reconstructs an average image and statistical measure of the fluctuations about it using a parameterized form for the excess variance in the complex visibilities not otherwise explained by the statistical errors. These methods are validated using a variety of simulated data, including general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations appropriate for Sgr A* and M87*. We find that the reconstructed source structure and variability are robust to changes in the underlying image model. We apply these methods to the 2017 EHT observations of M87*, finding evidence for variability across the EHT observing campaign. The variability mitigation strategies presented are widely applicable to very long baseline interferometry observations of variable sources generally, for which they provide a data-informed averaging procedure and natural characterization of inter-epoch image consistency