305 research outputs found
VW LMi: tightest quadruple system known. Light-time effect and possible secular changes of orbits
Tightest known quadruple systems VW LMi consists of contact eclipsing binary
with P_12 = 0.477551 days and detached binary with P_34 = 7.93063 days
revolving in rather tight, 355.0-days orbit. This paper presents new
photometric and spectroscopic observations yielding 69 times of minima and 36
disentangled radial velocities for the component stars. All available radial
velocities and minima times are combined to better characterize the orbits and
to derive absolute parameters of components. The total mass of the quadruple
system was estimated at 4.56 M_sun. The detached, non-eclipsing binary with
orbital period P = 7.93 days is found to show apsidal motion with U
approximately 80 years. Precession period in this binary, caused by the
gravitational perturbation of the contact binary, is estimated to be about 120
years. The wide mutual orbit and orbit of the non-eclipsing pair are found to
be close to coplanarity, preventing any changes of the inclination angle of the
non-eclipsing orbit and excluding occurrence of the second system of eclipses
in future. Possibilities of astrometric solution and direct resolving of the
wide, mutual orbit are discussed. Nearby star, HD95606, was found to form loose
binary with quadruple system VW LMi.Comment: 4 figures. accepted to MNRAS on July 31, 200
HIGH PRESSURE FREEZE-OUT OF ELECTRONS IN UNDOPED GaN CRYSTAL. PROOF OF EXISTENCE OF RESONANT DONOR STATE (NITROGEN VACANCY)
We investigated free carriers related opticał absorption in GaN in hydrostatic pressures up to 30 GPa. The disappearance of this absorption at pressures close to 18 GPa was explained by trapping electrons resulting from the shift of nitrogen vacancy related donor level into the GaN energy gap at high pressure. We estimated the energetic position of this level at atmospheric pressure to be about 0.8 eV above the conduction band minimum
Surface and electronic structure of MOCVD-grown Ga(0.92)In(0.08)N investigated by UV and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies
The surface and electronic structure of MOCVD-grown layers of
Ga(0.92)In(0.08)N have been investigated by means of photoemission. An
additional feature at the valence band edge, which can be ascribed to the
presence of In in the layer, has been revealed. A clean (0001)-(1x1) surface
was prepared by argon ion sputtering and annealing. Stability of chemical
composition of the investigated surface subjected to similar ion etching was
proven by means of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
High Electron Mobility in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures Grown on Bulk GaN Substrates
Dislocation-free high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates. Hall measurements performed in the 300 K–50 mK range show a low-temperature electron mobility exceeding 60 000 cm2/V s for an electron sheet density of 2.4×1012 cm−2. Magnetotransport experiments performed up to 15 T exhibit well-defined quantum Hall-effect features. The structures corresponding to the cyclotron and spin splitting were clearly resolved. From an analysis of the Shubnikov de Hass oscillations and the low-temperature mobility we found the quantum and transport scattering times to be 0.4 and 8.2 ps, respectively. The high ratio of the scattering to quantum relaxation time indicates that the main scattering mechanisms, at low temperatures, are due to long-range potentials, such as Coulomb potentials of ionized impurities
GaN-AlGaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors over Bulk GaN Substrates
We report on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures and heterostructurefield-effect transistors(HFETs) fabricated on high-pressure-grown bulk GaN substrates. The 2delectron gas channel exhibits excellent electronic properties with room-temperature electron Hall mobility as high as μ=1650 cm2/V s combined with a very large electron sheet density ns≈1.4×1013 cm−2.The HFET devices demonstrated better linearity of transconductance and low gate leakage, especially at elevated temperatures. We also present the comparative study of high-current AlGaN/GaN HFETs(nsμ\u3e2×1016 V−1 s−1) grown on bulk GaN, sapphire, and SiC substrates under the same conditions. We demonstrate that in the high-power regime, the self-heating effects, and not a dislocation density, is the dominant factor determining the device behavior
High electron mobility in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on bulk GaN substrates
Dislocation-free high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates. Hall measurements performed in the 300 K–50 mK range show a low-temperature electron mobility exceeding 60 000 cm2/V s for an electron sheet density of 2.4×1012 cm−2. Magnetotransport experiments performed up to 15 T exhibit well-defined quantum Hall-effect features. The structures corresponding to the cyclotron and spin splitting were clearly resolved. From an analysis of the Shubnikov de Hass oscillations and the low-temperature mobility we found the quantum and transport scattering times to be 0.4 and 8.2 ps, respectively. The high ratio of the scattering to quantum relaxation time indicates that the main scattering mechanisms, at low temperatures, are due to long-range potentials, such as Coulomb potentials of ionized impurities
A search for point sources of EeV photons
Measurements of air showers made using the hybrid technique developed with
the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a
sensitive search for point sources of EeV photons anywhere in the exposed sky.
A multivariate analysis reduces the background of hadronic cosmic rays. The
search is sensitive to a declination band from -85{\deg} to +20{\deg}, in an
energy range from 10^17.3 eV to 10^18.5 eV. No photon point source has been
detected. An upper limit on the photon flux has been derived for every
direction. The mean value of the energy flux limit that results from this,
assuming a photon spectral index of -2, is 0.06 eV cm^-2 s^-1, and no celestial
direction exceeds 0.25 eV cm^-2 s^-1. These upper limits constrain scenarios in
which EeV cosmic ray protons are emitted by non-transient sources in the
Galaxy.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Reconstruction of inclined air showers detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
We describe the method devised to reconstruct inclined cosmic-ray air showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the surface array of
the Pierre Auger Observatory. The measured signals at the ground level are
fitted to muon density distributions predicted with atmospheric cascade models
to obtain the relative shower size as an overall normalization parameter. The
method is evaluated using simulated showers to test its performance. The energy
of the cosmic rays is calibrated using a sub-sample of events reconstructed
with both the fluorescence and surface array techniques. The reconstruction
method described here provides the basis of complementary analyses including an
independent measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
using very inclined events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of
Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP
Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector
stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal
asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower
and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles
into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle
and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable,
, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays
above eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from
shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics
(QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass
increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However,
the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of
distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further
deficiencies in our understanding of shower modelling that must be resolved
before the mass composition can be inferred from .Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of Gravitational Wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory
On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first
gravitational-wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW
event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen
from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit
neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the
formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre
Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy above 100 PeV from
point-like sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65
deg. to +60 deg., and in particular from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level
(CL) inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search
for highly-inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of
downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of
tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust
(Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected
within s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC)
of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the
UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the non-observation we
constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such
remarkable events.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report
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