400 research outputs found
Do giant barnacles contribute to deep-water biogenic reef formation in Maltese waters?
Deep-sea ROV surveys in the west Malta Graben allowed re-evaluation of previous work on the association of the giant barnacle, Pachylasma giganteum, with cold-water corals and other habitat-forming species, and this species’ contribution to formation of biogenic structures. While only a minor contributor to habitat architecture when anthozoans and other large sessile species are dominant, P. giganteum may become a habitat-former in the absence of competing species.peer-reviewe
The bias of cosmic voids in the presence of massive neutrinos
Cosmic voids offer an extraordinary opportunity to study the effects of
massive neutrinos on cosmological scales. Because they are freely streaming,
neutrinos can penetrate the interior of voids more easily than cold dark matter
or baryons, which makes their relative contribution to the mass budget in voids
much higher than elsewhere in the Universe. In simulations it has recently been
shown how various characteristics of voids in the matter distribution are
affected by neutrinos, such as their abundance, density profiles, dynamics, and
clustering properties. However, the tracers used to identify voids in
observations (e.g., galaxies or halos) are affected by neutrinos as well, and
isolating the unique neutrino signatures inherent to voids becomes more
difficult. In this paper we make use of the DEMNUni suite of simulations to
investigate the clustering bias of voids in Fourier space as a function of
their core density and compensation. We find a clear dependence on the sum of
neutrino masses that remains significant even for void statistics extracted
from halos. In particular, we observe that the amplitude of the linear void
bias increases with neutrino mass for voids defined in dark matter, whereas
this trend gets reversed and slightly attenuated when measuring the relative
void-halo bias using voids identified in the halo distribution. Finally, we
argue how the original behaviour can be restored when considering observations
of the total matter distribution (e.g. via weak lensing), and comment on
scale-dependent effects in the void bias that may provide additional
information on neutrinos in the future.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figure
The GIGANTES dataset: precision cosmology from voids in the machine learning era
We present GIGANTES, the most extensive and realistic void catalog suite ever
released -- containing over 1 billion cosmic voids covering a volume larger
than the observable Universe, more than 20 TB of data, and created by running
the void finder VIDE on QUIJOTE's halo simulations. The expansive and detailed
GIGANTES suite, spanning thousands of cosmological models, opens up the study
of voids, answering compelling questions: Do voids carry unique cosmological
information? How is this information correlated with galaxy information?
Leveraging the large number of voids in the GIGANTES suite, our Fisher
constraints demonstrate voids contain additional information, critically
tightening constraints on cosmological parameters. We use traditional void
summary statistics (void size function, void density profile) and the void
auto-correlation function, which independently yields an error of
on for a 1
simulation, without CMB priors. Combining halos and voids we forecast an error
of from the same volume. Extrapolating to next generation
multi-Gpc surveys such as DESI, Euclid, SPHEREx, and the Roman Space
Telescope, we expect voids should yield an independent determination of
neutrino mass. Crucially, GIGANTES is the first void catalog suite expressly
built for intensive machine learning exploration. We illustrate this by
training a neural network to perform likelihood-free inference on the void size
function. Cosmology problems provide an impetus to develop novel deep learning
techniques, leveraging the symmetries embedded throughout the universe from
physical laws, interpreting models, and accurately predicting errors. With
GIGANTES, machine learning gains an impressive dataset, offering unique
problems that will stimulate new techniques.Comment: references added, typos corrected, version submitted to Ap
Nexos Interdisciplinares entre Teoria Crítica e gênero: aspectos filosóficos, psicológicos e educacionais
Este artigo pretende realizar um debate sobre as diferentes abordagens teórico-metodológicas referentes aos artigos que compõem o Dossiê "Nexos Interdisciplinares entre Teoria Crítica e Gênero", fundamentando suas análises por meio da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade. O objetivo é pensar o que acontece quando a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade inclina-se para pensar os temas e problemas próprios aos estudos de gênero. Destaca-se, de antemão, a necessária abordagem interdisciplinar própria às pesquisas em torno das temáticas de gênero; assim como a interface entre estudos e pesquisas empíricas e debates epistemológicos implicados e engajados. Este artigo, no início do dossiê, irá não apenas fazer uma reconstrução da diversidade dos materiais que o compõem, mas também pensar criticamente sobre o que está em questão como possível unidade temática que atravessa os diferentes trabalhos. Pretende-se, assim, identificar os pontos de convergência que emergem, como hubs principais, dessa rede de debate em que se cruzam os nexos entre Teoria Crítica e Gênero, sobretudo, em seus aspectos filosóficos, psicológicos e educacionais
Cosmic voids:A novel probe to shed light on our Universe
In this paper we present the case for void science, arguing that cosmic voids are a novel probe to constrain modified gravity, dark energy, the sum of neutrino masses and galaxy evolution. Voids will answer some of the most relevant questions in cosmology and astrophysics over the next decade. <p/
Cosmic voids::a novel probe to shed light on our Universe
Cosmic voids, the less dense patches of the Universe, are promising laboratories to extract cosmological information. Thanks to their unique low density character, voids are extremely sensitive to diffuse components such as neutrinos and dark energy, and represent ideal environments to study modifications of gravity, where the effects of such modifications are expected to be more prominent. Robust void-related observables, including for example redshift-space distortions (RSD) and weak lensing around voids, are a promising way to chase and test new physics. Cosmological analysis of the large-scale structure of the Universe predominantly relies on the high density regions. Current and upcoming surveys are designed to optimize the extraction of cosmological information from these zones, but leave voids under-exploited. A dense, large area spectroscopic survey with imaging capabilities is ideal to exploit the power of voids fully. Besides helping illuminate the nature of dark energy, modified gravity, and neutrinos, this survey will give access to a detailed map of under-dense regions, providing an unprecedented opportunity to observe and study a so far under-explored galaxy population
The quijote simulations
The Quijote simulations are a set of 44,100 full N-body simulations spanning more than 7000 cosmological models in the hyperplane. At a single redshift, the simulations contain more than 8.5 trillion particles over a combined volume of 44,100 each simulation follows the evolution of 2563, 5123, or 10243 particles in a box of 1 h -1 Gpc length. Billions of dark matter halos and cosmic voids have been identified in the simulations, whose runs required more than 35 million core hours. The Quijote simulations have been designed for two main purposes: (1) to quantify the information content on cosmological observables and (2) to provide enough data to train machine-learning algorithms. In this paper, we describe the simulations and show a few of their applications. We also release the petabyte of data generated, comprising hundreds of thousands of simulation snapshots at multiple redshifts; halo and void catalogs; and millions of summary statistics, such as power spectra, bispectra, correlation functions, marked power spectra, and estimated probability density functions
Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial
Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials.
Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure.
Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen.
Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
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