Justice climatique et interdiction de nuire

Avec le soutien de la Société Académique Vaudoise et de M. Philippe SolmsJustice climatique et interdiction de nuire constitue une synthèse interdisciplinaire d'une ampleur rare. L'auteur a médité les thèmes clés des sciences de l'environnement dont il agence le propos de façon organique et structurée, l'érudition servant toujours à cerner sa question principale. Il montre les insuffisances de la justice distributive et la pertinence de l'intervention du principe d'interdiction de nuire dans le dossier climatique. En reconnaissant la biosphère comme support de vie commun des êtres humains, ce livre introduit une rupture épistémologique que la philosophie morale n'avait pas encore répercutée avec une telle puissance. Saura-t-il lancer et soutenir un débat nécessaire

Climate Justice Charter

The latest news from our planet is threatening: climate change, pollution, forest loss, species extinctions. All these words are frightening and there is no sign of improvement. Simple logic leads to the conclusion that humanity has to react, for its own survival. But at the scale of a human being, it is less obvious. Organizing one’s daily life in order to preserve the environment implies self-questioning, changing habits, sacrificing some comfort. In one word, it is an effort. Then, what justifies such an effort? The personal choice to act in order to preserve our environment is often made by simple altruism. This choice is based on our love for other human beings: our love for the others grounds our effort. Our moral values, our ethical reflections and our religious beliefs are the deep core of these choices. “This is my commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you.” (John 15.12 NRSV). This Charter shows the moral and religious values that can help us react regarding the current environmental crisis and it should empower us to transcend the ideas of effort and sacrifice in order to consider the respect of the shared house, in a prophetic fulfillment of the being

Łagodzenie skutków zmiany klimatu a zasada nieszkodzenia

Każdy przydział emisji prowadzi do przyznania praw emisyjnych opartych na sprawiedliwości dystrybutywnej (nawet jeśli taktyka była wcześniej zweryfikowana pod względem utylitaryzmu na poziomie filozoficznym). W konsekwencji podejście sprawiedliwości dystrybuowanej legitymizuje poziom emisji. Gdy konkretny poziom emisji zostaje uprawomocniony, o ile jest zgodny z ustanowionym budżetem emisji, w celu podziału uprawnień do emisji, w momencie , gdy poziom emisji osiągnął pewien niebezpieczny poziom pojawia się zrozumiała potrzeba zachowania funkcjonującego „zrównoważonego” programu klimatycznego. Z perspektywy Foucaultowskiej archeologii wiedzy i w celu oceny epistemologii zmiany klimatu będzie możliwe podważenie możliwości przejścia z modelu definiowania norm prawa socjalnego na model łagodzenia skutków zmiany klimatu

Modeling of a Major Accident in Five Nuclear Power Plants From 365 Meteorological Situations in Western Europe and Analysis of the Potential Impacts on Populations, Soils and Affected Countries

The present study discusses the probability of a major accident in a nuclear power plant and, by simulation of such an accident, it evaluates the harm to people. It aims at characterizing the health effects of ionizing radiation, and it assesses the number of people impacted by a radioactive cloud, and by the deposition of radioactive material on the ground. It further evaluates the number of people in need of a resettlement. It also analyses the size of the area lost for agriculture due to radio-contamination. More specifically, the Western European nuclear power plants (NPPs) under scrutiny are Beznau, Gösgen, Leibstadt and Mühleberg in Switzerland and Bugey in France. The study models a major nuclear accident using meteorological files, one for each day during the year 2017 with help of the trajectory and dispersion model Hysplit. The source terms of the simulated accidents are specific to each of the five NPPs. They represent an amount situated between the Fukushima and Chernobyl releases, according to available literature. Demographic data were treated by a geographical information system GIS software called QGIS. Conversion of radiation from Becquerel to Sievert was established according to the literature. Health effects were estimated from the committed collective effective dose (CCED), and used in connection with three risk models for different issues: cancer, cardiovascular and other non-cancer diseases, genetic and other reproductive detriments. The main results are as follows: Between 16.4 and 24 million European inhabitants on average would be affected by a large radio contamination. We found between 20,000 and nearly 50,000 radio-induced cancer cases, depending on the specific NPP. Additionally, between 7,500 and 18,500 radio-induced cardiovascular cases (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease) are estimated as late effects of ionizing radiation. Stringent weather dependency of the numbers of victims were demonstrated with 4-fold and 20-fold differences for the highest and lowest deciles, and centiles respectively. The huge number of other radioinduced diseases, such as genetic and other reproductive effects could only be estimated semi-quantitatively due to lack of established risk factors. Furthermore, the number of people who should be evacuated and resettled could, on average, reach 250,000 for the smaller NPP (Beznau) and up to 500,000 for Leibstadt. In addition, the mean size of radio-contaminated crop and grazing land could amount to between 16,000 and 37,000 km2. The impact of such an accident may heavily affect the population and economic activity of the concerned countries as well as creating a case of transboundary pollution

Genetic diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies: A survey of the French national registry

International audienceTo the Editor:Since the mid-1980s, continuous progress in genetics and genomics has accelerated the rapid identification of causative genetic variants leading to primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs; >300 genes),1 with the noticeable exception of B-cell disorders, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The identification of these mutations not only validates a clinical diagnosis but also is useful in several other respects (more accurate prognosis on phenotype/genotype correlation, targeted therapy, and genetic counseling). [...

A 1-Year Prospective French Nationwide Study of Emergency Hospital Admissions in Children and Adults with Primary Immunodeficiency

International audiencePURPOSE: Patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) are at risk of serious complications. However, data on the incidence and causes of emergency hospital admissions are scarce. The primary objective of the present study was to describe emergency hospital admissions among patients with PID, with a view to identifying "at-risk" patient profiles.METHODS: We performed a prospective observational 12-month multicenter study in France via the CEREDIH network of regional PID reference centers from November 2010 to October 2011. All patients with PIDs requiring emergency hospital admission were included.RESULTS: A total of 200 admissions concerned 137 patients (73 adults and 64 children, 53% of whom had antibody deficiencies). Thirty admissions were reported for 16 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. When considering the 170 admissions of non-transplant patients, 149 (85%) were related to acute infections (respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal tract infections in 72 (36%) and 34 (17%) of cases, respectively). Seventy-seven percent of the admissions occurred during winter or spring (December to May). The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.8% (12 patients); death was related to a severe infection in 11 cases (8%) and Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma in 1 case. Patients with a central venous catheter (n = 19, 13.9%) were significantly more hospitalized for an infection (94.7%) than for a non-infectious reason (5.3%) (p = 0.04).CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the annual incidence of emergency hospital admission among patients with PID is 3.4%. The leading cause of emergency hospital admission was an acute infection, and having a central venous catheter was associated with a significantly greater risk of admission for an infectious episode

Outcome after failure of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with acute leukemia: a study by the société Francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC)

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