Individualismo Normativo e o Direito

Este estudo desenvolve o princípio do individualismo normativo no que concerne ao direito.Primeiramente, será determinado o que se deve entender por “individualismo normativo”. Emseguida, apresentar-se-á um esboço de como este princípio se realiza no Direito alemão e, por fim,justificar-se-á por que ele é o núcleo da ética do direito e da ética política

Factors of Gig Job Involvement and the Effect on B40 and M40 Socio-economic Sustainability

The emergence of information and communication technology (ICT) creates new means that permit interaction between employers and employees via apps and systems. The gig economy has arisen as a key theme in a recent independent review of modern employment practices. However, most of the existing literature focused on the implications of growth in these arrangements for workers and their families. Realizing the importance of the research on job involvement for Malaysian citizens specifically among B40 and M40 to opt for gig work is still largely unexplored, hence, this study aims to explore the factors influencing the involvement of a gig worker among B40 and M40 while examining the effect on the enhancement of the B40 and M40 segment’s socio-economic sustainability. Using a purposive sampling method, the data were collected through a survey among gig workers in Malaysia. A total of 1415 valid questionnaires were gathered from the gig workers in 14 states of Malaysia. Additionally, SPSS 28.0 was applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that circumstances, earnings, risk, prospects, and workload had a positive relationship with the B40 and M40 socio-economic sustainability while flexibility is not significant toward B40 and M40 socio-economic sustainability. The result also shows that there is a significant difference between B40 and M40 income groups toward socio-economic sustainability. Findings from this study contributed new knowledge on the gig economy in Malaysia. The research also assists policymakers in understanding holistically the current job scenario of gig workers to formulate policies, incentives, and development programs

Altruism : it's importance in sustaining microfinance development / Siti Khadijah Ab Manan, Mohd. Faizal Kamarudin and Nor Effuandy Pfordten Mohd. Saleh

Sustaining microfinance institutions is important in ensuring that the sources of capital of the smaller and micro enterprises could be maintained. This paper examined the important role of altruism in sustaining the progress and development of microfinance institutions. Using qualitative method of study, this article presents the relative importance of altruism in facilitating the development of Islamic microfinance. The practice of IMF in Malaysia and Indonesia was discussed comparatively to give an outlook on the importance of altruism in ensuring the sustainability of microfinance institutions. The study indicated that being aware and understanding this would help the policy makers and practitioners in designing fundraising strategies for this inherently less popular project

Ecological ethics and creation faith

Over past decades a concept of ecological ethics has taken root, which is often equated with environmental ethics. Church and theology have also responded to the environmental crisis. In the last third of the past century an intense discourse about the concerns and extent of a socalled creation ethics was conducted. In connection with the question of a creation ethics, and the global responsibility of humans for the biosphere of our planet, the topic of creation has also gained new attention in dogmatics. In this way, ecology has also become a topic of systematic theology. The article focuses on the debate in the German speaking context. Occasionally, a quasi-religious elevation of ecology to the status of a doctrine of salvation is observable. Because theology always also has a function of critique of religion, it must also critically engage the sometimes open and sometimes hidden religious contents and claims of eco-ethical concepts. For this purpose, the first step of the present contribution is to more precisely determine the concepts of creation and nature. Thereafter, the problem of anthropocentrism is analysed. In a further step, the concept of sustainability is analysed. In conclusion, the main features of a responsibility-ethics model of ecological ethics are outlined.This research is part of the project, ‘Theology of Nature’, directed by Prof. Dr Johan Buitendag, Department of Dogmatics and Christian Ethics, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria and Dean of the Faculty of Theology. Prof. Dr Ulrich Körtner is a research associate of Prof. Dr Buitendag.http://www.hts.org.zaam2016Dogmatics and Christian Ethic

Market Exchange and the Rule of Law:Confidence in predictability

Law and economics is a significant field of analysis in legal studies and in economics, although there have been a number of controversies about how best to understand the relationship between economic relations and the regulatory role of law. Rather than surveying this field and offering a criticism of various theories and engaging in the dispute between different perspectives on the relationship between the two, in this article I take an approach rooted in neither mainstream economics nor in formal legal philosophy. Rather drawing on a recent well-rounded statement of behavioural economics and a synthesis of previous work on the narrative of the rule of law, I seek to explore how and why contemporary capitalism seems to have become so tied up with the rule of law, and what this might tell us more generally about the role of law in market relations. This analysis goes beyond the relatively commonplace observation that capitalism requires property rights, contract law and market institutionalisation to function, to ask ‘what exactly is it about the rule of law that seems so necessary to establishing and maintaining market exchange(s)?