I periodici bibliografici e biblioteconomici italiani tra Otto e Novecento

Il primo periodico italiano di biblioteconomia e bibliografia è il «Giornale delle biblioteche», pubblicato a Genova dal 1867 al 1873, ma la prima rivista d’impostazione moderna è la «Rivista delle biblioteche» di Guido Biagi, fondata nel 1888 (dal 1895 «Rivista delle biblioteche e degli archivi»), che fu anche dal 1898 al 1906 organo della Società bibliografica italiana. Ma per la circolazione delle informazioni e il dibattito nel mondo delle biblioteche ebbero un ruolo significativo anche periodici con finalità un po’ diverse, da «Il bibliofilo» a «La bibliofilia» di Olschki, e quelli rivolti alle biblioteche popolari, a partire dai primi anni del Novecento, o pubblicati da singole biblioteche, per lo più con notizie sulla loro attività. Tutte queste iniziative ebbero però una vita piuttosto precaria, mentre il mondo delle biblioteche poté contare su una rivista regolare e ricca di contenuti solo con «Accademie e biblioteche d’Italia», pubblicata dalla Direzione generale delle accademie e biblioteche a partire dal 1927 e ripresa dopo la seconda guerra mondiale nel 1950.The first Italian library periodical is the «Giornale delle biblioteche», published in Genoa from 1867 to 1873, but the first modern-looking journal is the «Rivista delle biblioteche» founded by Guido Biagi in 1888 (since 1895 «Rivista delle biblioteche e degli archivi»), which was also the official organ of the Italian Bibliographical Society from 1898 to 1906. But for the circulation of information and the debate in the library world, a significant role was played by journals with somewhat different purposes, such as «Il bibliofilo» and Olschki’s «La bibliofilia», and by those aimed at popular libraries, starting from the early years of the twentieth century, or published by individual libraries, mostly with news about their activity. All these initiatives, however, had a rather precarious life, while the library world could count on a regular journal rich in content only with «Accademie e biblioteche d’Italia», published by the Directorate General of Academies and Libraries since 1927 and resumed after the second world war in 1950

Flowsheet Model and Simulation of Produced Slag in Electric Steelmaking to Improve Resource Management and Circular Production

The steel industry is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, as it requires a great amount of resources and produces a considerable quantity of by-products, with not negligible environmental impact. Therefore, the main challenge of steelworks consists in improving sustainability and reducing carbon footprint of the production process, by ensuring the required quality of final products. In this context, the reuse and recycling of by-products can play a key role in preventing their landfilling and waste of valuable products, reducing the exploitation of primary raw materials, decreasing CO2 emissions, and supporting the implementation of the Circular Economy concept. In particular, one of the main by-products is slag, which can be used as a potentially valuable source of secondary raw materials, leading to a substantial reduction of natural resources usage and related costs. This paper concerns part of the work developed inside the EU-funded project entitled “Optimising slag reuse and recycling in electric steelmaking at optimum metallurgical performance through on-line characterization devices and intelligent decision support system – iSlag”. The main focus of this project is the valorisation of slags produced in the electric steelmaking route, by defining good practices, investigating new recycling paths, and promoting industrial symbiosis solutions. In this paper, the adaptation and the improvement of a previously developed Aspen Plus® simulation model are presented to obtain an accurate prediction of slag features. In particular, the model estimates amount and composition of slags produced in the primary and the secondary steelmaking processes, and it allows simulating different case scenarios including usual and unusual conditions, for instance, process operating conditions, raw materials compositions, steel families to be produced. In addition to slag features, product compositions and environmental and energy impacts can be monitored with the model

Set-Theoretic Types for Polymorphic Variants

Polymorphic variants are a useful feature of the OCaml language whose current definition and implementation rely on kinding constraints to simulate a subtyping relation via unification. This yields an awkward formalization and results in a type system whose behaviour is in some cases unintuitive and/or unduly restrictive. In this work, we present an alternative formalization of poly-morphic variants, based on set-theoretic types and subtyping, that yields a cleaner and more streamlined system. Our formalization is more expressive than the current one (it types more programs while preserving type safety), it can internalize some meta-theoretic properties, and it removes some pathological cases of the current implementation resulting in a more intuitive and, thus, predictable type system. More generally, this work shows how to add full-fledged union types to functional languages of the ML family that usually rely on the Hindley-Milner type system. As an aside, our system also improves the theory of semantic subtyping, notably by proving completeness for the type reconstruction algorithm.Comment: ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, Sep 2016, Nara, Japan. ICFP 16, 21st ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, 201

Per l'applicazione delle REICAT: i cambiamenti nelle forme dei nomi degli autori

The new Italian cataloguing rules (Regole italiane di catalogazione, REICAT), published in June 2009, are now to be applied in catalogues, revising when necessary obsolete forms of headings and inconsistencies. The article focuses on the main changes in the form of the headings for Persons and Corporate Bodies, in relation to the former code of rules (RICA, published in 1979) and the practice of the national bibliography (BNI) and the national library network (SBN). As a general principle, headings are based on the name or form of name most frequently found in editions of the author's works: e.g. a pseudonym or assumed name, or an incomplete form (with elements of the name omitted or represented by initials). The first part of the article concerns general changes related to the additions to a name and to prescribed punctuation, while the second part describes the main changes for Persons (author’s preference and national usage, completeness variants, transliteration or transcription of names in different scripts, headings for saints) and for Corporate Bodies (name qualifiers, minor changes, subordinate corporate bodies and bodies related to other bodies). The aim of most changes is the removal of special exceptions or inconsistencies and the choice of forms of headings closer to common usage and as clear as possible to catalogue users

A flowsheet-based model approach to reduce water consumption and improve water networks management in the steel sector

Resource consumption is an important topic for steelmaking industry, which is spending significant efforts to reduce its environmental impact and improve its competitiveness. Water is largely exploited in steelworks for indirect and direct cooling, specific surface treatment, and fumes washing and cooling. It is already reused and recycled after restoring its quality through treatments for temperature and/or pollutant reduction. However, sometimes water networks are not optimized due to outdated water treatments, lack of continuous monitoring, and water network management strategies often based on experience without automation. In recent years, new water treatments, simulation, and optimization tools are becoming available, together with a stronger awareness of the importance of online parameters monitoring. Therefore, improvement of water cleaning, reuse, recycling, and consequent reduction of impact related to water exploitation are potentially achievable. The introduction of innovative treatments must be tested before their implementation in steel plants and the exploration of their behavior in different operating conditions is fundamental. The presented work addresses this topic through the application of several models of operational units, developed in OpenModelica environment and aggregated into a plant simulator. The simulator was used in different case studies related to an Italian plant to assess the impact of new filtering technology for reducing suspended solids on the analyzed water networks and test the effects of different operating configurations on the treatment efficiency. The introduction of new filtration technology leads to environmental and economic advantages due to freshwater intake reduction and water management improvemen

Un'esperienza di catalogazione di risorse elettroniche: la Biblioteca italiana telematica

The Italian Telematic Library (Biblioteca Italiana Telematica, BIT) came into being in 1997 as an inter-university research project of national interest. Its aim was to make texts of Italian culture available in digital form through the work of about twenty research groups, in different subject fields, of fifteen universities, who had formed the CiBit consortium (Interuniversity Centre for the Italian Telematic Library), with headquarters in Pisa. The BIT is a digital library of texts of Italian culture that date from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. They are mainly literary texts “of controlled origin”. This means that they are digitized, marked up and controlled by specialized teams following strict philological criteria, organized within a coherent library architecture with bibliographical and cataloguing standards that are accepted at national and international level. The analysis and implementation of library features and, more specifically, of the catalogue structure of the BIT have been entrusted to one of the research units of the University of Pisa, coordinated by A. Petrucciani. The unit was also responsible for the digitization of a selection of “classical” works of Italian bibliography and librarianship from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century. Thanks to cooperation with the Institute of Computational Linguistics of the National Research Council (CNR) of Pisa, the DBT (Textual Data Base) programme developed by Eugenio Picchi in the Applet Java version was used in the first stage of the project; for the sake of standardization a software program for the automatic conversion of the DBT coding into SGML/TEI markup was written and tested. The Web site of the Italian Telematic Library with DBT software was accessible until the Autumn of 2002 at the URL <http://cibit.humnet. unipi.it>. However, in 2002 the structure of the site was reconsidered in the light of recent developments and it was agreed to change from the DBT software and markup to newer and better options. The new site is accessible since May 2003 at the URL , with a search engine of new conception developed at the Computer Science Department of the University of Pisa. It was also decided to adopt the XML/TEI markup. Moreover, for the catalogue functions of the BIT (identification and selection of one or more texts with given characteristics, e.g. type, genre, period, etc.) it was realized that there was a need for a modern and powerful library system that would use a standard format (UNIMARC) and that would be able to overcome the limits of a search engine or of an ad hoc database application, typical of most “digital libraries”. The choice of a standard format for bibliographic data is seen as a qualifying element of the BIT programme

Truncation, validity, uncertainties

The truncation of the standard-model effective field theory, its validity andthe associated uncertainties have been discussed in meetings of the LHC EFT WG.Proposals were made by participants to address these issues. No consensus wasreached and no formal recommendation is therefore put forward at this time.None of the proposals has been approved or validated and further work is neededto establish a prescription. This note aims at summarizing the proposals andpoints of debate.<br

Truncation, validity, uncertainties

The truncation of the standard-model effective field theory, its validity andthe associated uncertainties have been discussed in meetings of the LHC EFT WG.Proposals were made by participants to address these issues. No consensus wasreached and no formal recommendation is therefore put forward at this time.None of the proposals has been approved or validated and further work is neededto establish a prescription. This note aims at summarizing the proposals andpoints of debate.<br

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE