Distribution of 3H-8-MOP and its Metabolites in Rat Organs after a Single Oral Administration

Concentrations of 3H-8-metboxypsoralen (MOP), its lipid and water soluble metabolites and tritiated water have been measured in rat serum, liver, kidney and skin, using liquid scintillation, thin-layer chromatography and other techniques.Radioactivity in whole blood, plasma, ovary, adrenals and pancreas has also been measured.The radioactivity has been measured up to 1week after medication, whilst 3H-8-MOP and metabolite concentrations have been measured from 10mm to 24hr after medication with a single dose of 1mg 3 H-8-MOP in solution/kg bodyweight.Maximum 8-MOP concentrations were seen from 10 to 30min after dosing. The concentrations in μg/kg 10 min, 2hr, and 24hr after medication were as follows: serum—686, 57, 2.1; liver—489, 45, 3.3; kidney—1708, 139, 4.3; and skin—55, 16, 3.8. The concentrations of water soluble metabolites were very high in the liver and only slightly lower in the kidney. The concentrations of these metabolites might accumulate after doses repeated 4 times a week. 3H-8-MOP and its other metabolites would not show similar accumulation. Most of the radioactivity present after 1week is due to tritiated water

The Danish Peregrine Falcon population:Reestablishment and eggshell thinning

Denmark being a country with only a few suitable steep nesting cliffs has only harboured a small population of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in historic time. In the previous century, the population gradually declined due to persecution, egg and young collection, and pollution. The last breeding attempt in the 20th century occurred in 1972 in southeastern Denmark. No new breeding attempts were recorded in Denmark until 2001 but since then the population has gradually increased – most rapidly since 2012 – to a peak of 24 territorial pairs in 2018; some of them breeding on man-made structures (nest boxes at bridges and power plants). Here we update the information on the reestablishment of the Peregrine Falcon in Den-mark, including origin and dispersal, reproduction, and eggshell thinning

A Complexity Approach

“How can we understand the dynamics of procurement management?” An answer to this question has predominantly been explained by procurement management experiencing dissatisfaction with the status quo, where the procurement organisation was viewed from other entities in the company as an insignificant, reactive and an administrative part of the business. The potential, however, for the procurement organisation to be significant in the company was argued to be vast (Ammer 1989, Ellram & Carr 1994, Van Weele 2005). In order to change the situation of the procurement organisation, procurement management was informed that they should in gradual steps develop the procurement organisation towards more sophistication and significance (Reck & Long 1988) producing strategies that were aligned with the overall company strategy including the development of policies, procedures, systems, tools and processes (Cousins 2002, Cousins et al 2008). This process changed the perspective of the procurement organisation which among other things, allowed the procurement entity to contribute to the implementation of the concept of supply chain management (Freeman & Cavinato 1990). Ever since I first got familiar with the practices of procurement and its management, I have been puzzled by its complexity. At the same time, I have wondered about how the same space of complexity in the procurement management domain literature has explained the same practices by reductionism, smoothness and simplicity as just described

Analysis of the clinical relevance of histological classification of benign epithelial salivary gland tumours

IntroductionA vast increase in knowledge of numerous aspects of malignant salivary gland tumours has emerged during the last decade and, forseveral reasons, thishas not been the case in benign epithelial salivary gland tumours. We have performed a literature review to investigate whether an accurate histological diagnosis of the 11 different types of benign epithelial salivary gland tumours is correlated to any differences in their clinical behaviour.MethodsA search was performed for histological classifications, recurrence rates and risks for malignant transformation, treatment modalities, and prognosis of these tumours. The search was performed primarily through PubMed, Google Scholar, and all versions of WHO classifications since 1972, as well as numerous textbooks on salivary gland tumours/head and neck/pathology/oncology. A large number of archival salivary tumours were also reviewed histologically.ResultsPleomorphic adenomas carry a considerable risk (5-15%) for malignant transformation but, albeit to a much lesser degree, so do basal cell adenomas and Warthin tumours, while the other eight types virtually never develop into malignancy. Pleomorphic adenoma has a rather high risk for recurrence while recurrence occurs only occasionally in sialadenoma papilliferum, oncocytoma, canalicular adenoma, myoepithelioma and the membranous type of basal cell adenoma. Papillomas, lymphadenoma, sebaceous adenoma, cystadenoma, basal cell adenoma (solid, trabecular and tubular subtypes) very rarely, if ever, recur.ConclusionsA correct histopathological diagnosis of these tumours is necessary due to (1) preventing confusion with malignant salivary gland tumours; (2) only one (pleomorphic adenoma) has a considerable risk for malignant transformation, but all four histological types ofbasal cell adenoma canoccasionally develop into malignancy, as does Warthin tumour; (3) sialadenoma papilliferum, oncocytoma, canalicular adenoma, myoepithelioma and Warthin tumour only occasionally recur; while (4) intraductal and inverted papilloma, lymphadenoma, sebaceous adenoma, cystadenoma, basal cell adenoma (apart from the membranous type) virtually never recur. No biomarker was found to be relevant for predicting recurrence or potential malignant development. Guidelines for appropriate treatment strategies are given.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Time perception and its neuropsychological correlates in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy volunteers

Disordered time perception has been reported in schizophrenia. We investigated time perception dysfunction and its neuropsychological correlates in patients with schizophrenia. Participants comprised 38 patients and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers who were compared in an auditory temporal bisection paradigm using two interval ranges (a 400/800 ins condition and a 1000/2000 ms condition). In the temporal bisection, subjects were required to categorise a probe duration as short or long, based upon the similarity with two reference durations. All subjects also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests measuring sustained attention, short- and long-term memory and executive function. In the 400/800 ins condition, patients judged durations significantly shorter than did control subjects. Patients also exhibited decreased temporal sensitivity in both conditions. We found in both groups a negative association between temporal sensitivity and sustained attention for the 400/800 ms condition, and between temporal sensitivity and long-term memory for the 1000/200 ms condition. In patients, short-term memory performance was negatively associated with duration judgement in both conditions, while executive dysfunction was correlated to a general performance deficit in the 400/800 ms condition. These findings suggest the possibility that time perception abnormalities in schizophrenia are part of neuropsychological dysfunction and are likely to adversely impact upon activity of daily living. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Design and evaluation of a noninvasive tongue-computer interface for individuals with severe disabilities

Tongue-computer interfaces have shown the potential to control assistive devices developed for individuals with severe disabilities. However, current efficient tongue-computer interfaces require invasive methods for attaching the sensor activation units to the tongue, such as piercing. In this study, we propose a noninvasive tongue-computer interface to avoid the requirement of invasive activation unit attachment methods. We developed the noninvasive tongue-computer interface by integrating an activation unit on a frame, and mounting the frame on an inductive tongue-computer interface (ITCI). Thus, the users are able to activate the inductive sensors on the interface by positioning the activation unit with their tongue. They also do not need to remount the activation unit before each use. We performed pointing tests for controlling a computer cursor and number typing tests with two able-bodied participants, where one of them was experienced with using invasive tongue-computer interfaces and other one had no experience. We measured throughput and movement error for pointing tasks, and speed and accuracy for number typing tasks for the evaluation of the feasibility and performance of the developed noninvasive system. Results show that the inexperienced participant achieved similar results with the developed noninvasive tongue-computer interface compared to the current invasive version of the ITCI, while the experienced participant performed better with the invasive tongue-computer interface