Christine Peltre, Femmes ottomanes et dames turques. Une collection de cartes postales (1880-1930)

Dévoilant une impressionnante galerie de portraits de femmes de la fin du xixe et du début du xxe siècle, l’ouvrage de Christine Peltre explore la collection de cartes postales acquise par Pierre de Gigord. Collectionneur passionné par les mondes ottomans et turcs, celui-ci assembla un rare éventail de cartes postales datant de l’époque où la « photographie timbrée » connaît son apogée et s’impose peu à peu comme un média de masse. Au fil des pages, où dialoguent texte et image, l’ouvrage tém..

Study of the unknown HONO daytime source at a European suburban site during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter field campaigns

International audienceNitrous acid measurements were carried out during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter field campaigns at SIRTA observatory in Paris surroundings. Highly variable HONO levels were observed during the campaigns, ranging from 10 ppt to 500 ppt in summer and from 10 ppt to 1.7 ppb in winter. Significant HONO mixing ratios have also been measured during daytime hours, comprised between some tenth of ppt and 200 ppt for the summer campaign and between few ppt and 1 ppb for the winter campaign. Ancillary measurements, such as NOx , O3 , photolysis frequencies, meteorological parameters (pressure, temperature, relative humidity , wind speed and wind direction), black carbon concentration , total aerosol surface area, boundary layer height and soil moisture, were conducted during both campaigns. In addition, for the summer period, OH radical measurements were made with a CIMS (Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer). This large dataset has been used to investigate the HONO budget in a suburban environment. To do so, calculations of HONO concentrations using PhotoStationary State (PSS) approach have been performed, for daytime hours. The comparison of these calculations with measured HONO concentrations revealed an underestimation of the calculations making evident a missing source term for both campaigns. This unknown HONO source exhibits a bell-shaped like average diurnal profile with a maximum around noon of approximately 0.7 ppb h−1 and 0.25 ppb h−1 , during summer and winter respectively. This source is the main HONO source during daytime hours for both campaigns. In both cases, this source shows a slight positive correlation with J (NO2) and the product between J (NO2) and soil moisture. This original approach had, thus, indicated that this missing source is photolytic and might be heterogeneous occurring at ground surface and involving water content available on the ground. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2806 V. Michoud et al.: Study of the unknown HONO daytime sourc

JMIR Res Protoc

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in industrialized countries. Lifestyle and environmental factors, particularly endocrine-disrupting pollutants, have been suggested to play a role in breast cancer risk. Current epidemiological studies, although not fully consistent, suggest a positive association of breast cancer risk with exposure to several International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1 air-pollutant carcinogens, such as particulate matter, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dioxins, Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and cadmium. However, epidemiological studies remain scarce and inconsistent. It has been proposed that the menopausal status could modify the relationship between pollutants and breast cancer and that the association varies with hormone receptor status. Objective: The XENAIR project will investigate the association of breast cancer risk (overall and by hormone receptor status) with chronic exposure to selected air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), BaP, dioxins, PCB-153, and cadmium. Methods: Our research is based on a case-control study nested within the French national E3N cohort of 5222 invasive breast cancer cases identified during follow-up from 1990 to 2011, and 5222 matched controls. A questionnaire was sent to all participants to collect their lifetime residential addresses and information on indoor pollution. We will assess these exposures using complementary models of land-use regression, atmospheric dispersion, and regional chemistry-transport (CHIMERE) models, via a Geographic Information System. Associations with breast cancer risk will be modeled using conditional logistic regression models. We will also study the impact of exposure on DNA methylation and interactions with genetic polymorphisms. Appropriate statistical methods, including Bayesian modeling, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, will be used to assess the impact of multipollutant exposure. The fraction of breast cancer cases attributable to air pollution will be estimated. Results: The XENAIR project will contribute to current knowledge on the health effects of air pollution and identify and understand environmental modifiable risk factors related to breast cancer risk. Conclusions: The results will provide relevant evidence to governments and policy-makers to improve effective public health prevention strategies on air pollution. The XENAIR dataset can be used in future efforts to study the effects of exposure to air pollution associated with other chronic conditions

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

Approche statistico-dynamique des réactions de désorption moléculaire : application aux systèmes H2/ PT(111) ET H2/ CU(111)

Les réactions de désorption associative, au cours desquelles une molécule désorbe d’une surface métallique, constituent une étape fondamentale dans le processus de catalyse hétérogène. La compréhension de ce mécanisme élémentaire peut donc apporter de précieuses informations dynamiques et cinétiques sur les réactions entre une molécule et une surface. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons à la fois utilisé les calculs de dynamique classique et les approches statistiques, basées sur la théorie de l’état de transition, pour étudier la dynamique des réactions de désorption associative. Nous nous sommes principalement intéressés à la description des distributions d’états des molécules lorsqu’elles atteignent la phase gazeuse. Pour des processus à barrière retardée, tels que H2/Pt(111), les transferts d’énergie entre les mouvements de vibration, de rotation et de translation de la molécule sont très faibles dans le voie de sortie et ne perturbent pas sa distribution d’états entre l’état de transition et les produits. La théorie de l’état de transition fournit alors une description directe des distributions d’états en phase gazeuse. A l’opposé, pour des réactions à barrière avancée, telles que H2/Cu(111), de forts transferts d’énergie ont lieu dans la voie de sortie. Il faut alors appliquer la méthode connue sous le nom d’ « Approche Statistico-Dynamique ». Cette méthode, reposant en partie sur la théorie de l’état de transition, prend en compte les transferts d’énergie existant entre les mouvements de rotation et translation dans la vallée des produits et permet de décrire la distribution d’états rotationnels des molécules nouvellement formées. L’application des méthodes statistiques à ces deux types de processus nous a conduit à des distributions d’états en très bon accord à la fois avec les calculs de dynamique classique et avec les résultats expérimentaux.Recombinative desorption of molecules from a metal surface is a fundamental step in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Understanding this elementary mechanism can bring precious informations on both the dynamics and the kinetics of gas-surface reactions. The aim of this work was to combine classical trajectory calculations and transition state theory based approaches to study the dynamics of molecular associative desorption. We were particularly interested in the description of state distributions in the products of associative molecular desorption. For late barrier processes such as H2/Pt(111), energy transfers between vibrational, rotational and translational motions of the departing molecule are too weak to alter its state distributions. Accordingly, transition state theory gives a straightforward description of final state distributions. On the opposite, for early barrier processes, such as H2/Cu(111), strong energy transfers occur in the exit channel. Therefore we must apply the so-called “Statistico-Dynamical Approach”. This method is partly based upon transition state theory and takes into account energy transfers between rotational and translational motions en route to the gas phase. Therefore, the “Statistico-Dynamical Approach” gives a description of rotational state distributions of desorbed molecules. For both processes under investigation, statistical methods were found to be in good agreement with both classical trajectory calculations and experimental results

Demand for seasonal wage labour in agriculture: what does family farming hide?

International audienceThis article draws on the agricultural household literature to understand the dynamics of wage labour on farms in a context of family farming. The recent evolution towards an increased use of seasonal wage labour motivates the original distinction of three types of labour: family labour, permanent wage labour, and seasonal wage labour. Considering the two wage labour types and hiring cost for seasonal workers, our empirical results based on French data on fruit and vegetables farms from the agricultural census of 2000 suggest that the choice between hiring permanent or seasonal wage labour is not only determined by the seasonality of the activity. The characteristics of the local labour market also affect the trade-off between permanent and seasonal wage labour providing insights on the substitutability of the two labour types, especially when the local labour market is tight. Moreover, the substitution of seasonal wage labour for permanent wage labour can occur in the agricultural sector as means of increasing flexibility as well as reducing costs and commitments. Second, family labour is found to most likely substitute wage labour and more specifically seasonal wage labour

La demande de travail salarié saisonnier dans le secteur français des fruits et légumes : que cache l'agriculture familiale ?

International audienceSeasonal wage labour was rarely distinguished from the permanent one in farm-household models although it has sharply increased in developed countries. Therefore, we propose to endogenize the demand for this peculiar labour type and highlight the trade-offs for the various labour combinations on farms. We use data on fruit and vegetables farms drawn from the 2000 French agricultural census. We show that seasonal wage labour is a substitute for permanent wage employment, and doesn't entirely follow the seasonality of the agricultural activity : competition on the labour and product markets play a significant role in the employment of labour types

La saisonnalité du travail dans l’agriculture : travail familial et salarié dans le secteur des fruits et légumes

National audienceLe travail salarié saisonnier a récemment pris une place croissante dans l’ensemble du travail agricole. Ce phénomène est particulièrement marqué dans le secteur des fruits et légumes dans lequel les exploitations, quoique toujours familiales, emploient une quantité importante de main-d’œuvre salariée. Le travail familial et le travail salarié saisonnier ont rarement été pris en compte simultanément dans les modèles d’économie du travail agricole. Dans cet article, nous introduisons la saisonnalité dans un modèle de ménage agricole afin de mettre en évidence les complémentarités (ou substitutions) entre les différents types de main-d’œuvre qui travaillent sur l’exploitation (famille, salariés permanents et salariés saisonniers). Nous mettons en lumière les arbitrages qui expliquent les différentes combinaisons d’emploi observables dans les exploitations, en fonction notamment des tensions sur les marchés locaux du travail et des caractéristiques des exploitations. Nous étudions ces combinaisons sur un échantillon de 16 181 exploitations françaises de fruits et légumes issu du recensement de l’agriculture français de 2000. Nous montrons que la main-d’œuvre familiale est complémentaire des deux formes d’emploi salarié (permanent et saisonnier). Nous montrons aussi et surtout qu’il existe une substituabilité entre l’emploi salarié permanent et l’emploi salarié saisonnier et que l’accroissement de la place de l’emploi salarié saisonnier correspond non seulement à l’accentuation des fluctuations d’activité intra annuelles mais aussi à la modification des modes de gestion de main-d’œuvre en réponse à l’accroissement de la concurrence et à la pression sur les coûts