Mulheres e matizes : cativeiros sociais em As dozes cores do vermelho, de Helena Parente Cunha

Nesta dissertação são analisadas as cinco personagens femininas do romance As doze cores do vermelho (1998), da autora baiana Helena Parente Cunha, tendo como hipótese que cada uma delas está inserida de forma direta ou indireta nos cativeiros sociais das mulheres – a partir da teoria proposta pela doutora em Antropologia Marcela Lagarde y de Los Ríos em sua obra Los cautiverios de las mujeres: madresposas, monjas, putas, presas y locas (2005). Verificando-se a efetiva relação entre as mulheres e seus aprisionamentos, são observadas as particularidades inerentes a cada cativeiro, como as distintas violências enfrentadas no romance e as correlações com a sociedade não ficcional e seus espaços físicos de opressão, tais como: a casa, a escola, o ambiente de trabalho, os prostíbulos, as prisões, os hospitais psiquiátricos, entre outros. O eixo de ligação positivo entre as personagens da narrativa é a sororidade, que se apresenta como uma possibilidade de resistência e libertação do sistema patriarcal. Este estudo apoia-se no referencial teórico sustentado por Marcela Lagarde, Tânia M.P. Vasconcelos, Simone de Beauvoir, Lélia Gonzales, Maura de Freitas, entre outras.In this paper the five female characters from the novel As doze cores do vermelho (1998), by bahian author Helena Parente Cunha, are analyzed, with the hypothesis that each one is inserted directly or indirectly in women social captivity, from the theory of Antropologyst Marcela Lagarde y de Los Ríos of her book Los cautiverios de las mujeres: madresposas, monjas, putas, presas y locas (2005). Verifying the effective relation between women and their iprisonments, the inherent particularities are observed, such as the different violence faced in the novel and the correlations with the non-fictional society and its physical spaces of oppression, such as: the house, the school, the work environment, brothels, prisons, psychiatric hospitals, among others. And the positive link between the characters in the narrative is the sorority that presents itself as a possibility of resistance and liberation from the patriarchal system. This study is supported by the theoretical framework supported by Marcela Lagarde, Tânia M.P. Vasconcelos, Simone de Beauvoir, Lélia Gonzales, Maura de Freitas, among others

PLURILINGUISMO: PRÁTICAS LINGUÍSTICAS DE IMIGRANTES BRASILEIROS NO SURINAME

RESUMO: O trabalho apresentado propõe uma reflexão sobre as práticas linguísticas dos imigrantes brasileiros no Suriname, antiga colônia holandesa comumente descrita como um mosaico cultural e linguístico. Entendendo o plurilinguismo como um fenômeno dinâmico, que apresenta diferentes estágios ao longo da vida dos falantes e recorrendo a estudos recentes sobre os usos linguísticos de surinameses em idade escolar, apresentamos uma discussão, com base ainda em dados colhidos in loco, sobre os usos que os brasileiros fazem de sua L1 e dos idiomas mais usados no Suriname: o holandês – único com status de oficial – e o sranantongo – crioulo de base inglesa que serve como língua de contato no país.

A finite-volume scheme for gradient-flow equations with non-homogeneous diffusion

We develop a first- and second-order finite-volume scheme to solve gradient flow equations with non-homogeneous properties, obtained in the framework of dynamical-density functional theory. The scheme takes advantage of an upwind approach for the space discretization to ensure positivity of the density under a CFL condition and decay of the discrete free energy. Our computational approach is used to study several one- and two-dimensional systems, with a general free-energy functional accounting for external fields and inter-particle potentials, and placed in non-homogeneous thermal baths characterized by anisotropic, space-dependent and time-dependent properties

Bioinformatic approaches for the genetic and phenotypic characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast collection

The objective of the present study was to compare genetic and phenotypic variation of 103 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from winemaking environments. We used bioinformatics approaches to identify genetically similary strains with specific phenotypes and to estimate a strain's biotechnological potential. 
A S. cerevisiae collection, comprising 440 strains that were obtained from winemaking environments in Portugal has been constituted during the last years. All strains were genetically characterized by a set of eleven highly polymorphic microsatellites and showed unique allelic combinations. Using neural networks, a subset of 103 genetically most diverse strains was chosen for phenotypic analysis, that included growth in synthetic must media at various temperatures, utilization of carbon sources (glucose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, saccharose, galactose, rafinose, maltose, glycerol, potassium acetate and pyruvic acid), growth in ethanol containing media, evaluation of osmotic and oxidative stress resistance, H2S production and utilization of different nitrogen sources. Using supervised data mining approaches we have found that genotype represented with presence/absence of eleven microsatellites relates well with geographical location (performance evaluation using leave-out-out technique resulted in high performance scores; e.g., area under ROC curve was above 0.8 for a number of standard machine learning approaches tested). To find relations between phenotypes and genotypes, we used a two-step approach which first hierarchically clusters the strains according to their phenotype, and then tests if the resulting sub-clusters are identifiable using strain’s genetic data. Several groups of strains with similar phenotype profiles and common features in genotype were identified this way, and they are subject to further investigations. 

Financially supported by the programs POCI 2010 (FEDER/FCT, POCTI/AGR/56102/2004) and AGRO (ENOSAFE, Nº 762).
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Branching and Mixing: New Signals of the Ubiquitin Signaling System

Posttranslational modifications allow cells and organisms to adapt to their environment without the need to synthesize new proteins. The ubiquitin system is one of the most versatile modification systems as it does not only allow a simple on–off modification but, by forming a chain of ubiquitin molecules, allows conveying multiple signals. The structure of the chains is dependent on the linkage to the previous ubiquitin molecule as every lysine can serve as an acceptor point for this modification. Different chain types code for specific signals ranging from protein degradation to protein targeting different cellular compartments. Recently the code of ubiquitin signals has been further expanded as branching and mixing of different chain types has been detected. As an additional layer of complexity, modifications of the ubiquitin chain by ubiquitin-like modifiers, like NEDD8, SUMO, or ISG15, have been found. Here we will discuss the different chain types and the technical challenges which are associated with analyzing ubiquitin topology-based signaling

Parents' and students' talks about learning: A study with fifth grade students

O significado atribuído ao fenómeno “aprender” é influenciado pela inte-relação entre indivíduos, contextos e culturas. A idade do aluno, as concepções familiares e culturais e o contexto de ensino constituem-se como alguns dos aspectos que influenciam as concepções de aprendizagem dos alunos. O estudo apresentado, realizado no marco teórico fenomenográfico, está focalizado na descrição das concepções das pessoas sobre as várias facetas do fenómeno aprender. O principal objectivo centra-se no mapeamento das concepções de aprendizagem de alunos do 5.º ano de escolaridade e dos seus pais (encarregados de educação). Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e tratados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Os resultados sugerem que os pais conceptualizam o aprender maioritariamente como algo processual e experiencial, enquanto os filhos o conceptualizam sobretudo desde uma perspectiva processual e instrumental. São discutidas implicações destes dados para o processo de aprendizagem.People’s concept on ‘learning’ is influenced by the interrelation among individuals, contexts and cultures. The student’s age, his family and cultural conceptions and the learning context are some of the main aspects that can influence the conceptions regarding the student’s learning process. Under the framework of phenomenographic theory, this paper focus on people’s description of the learning conceptions which are present in daily life phenomena. Mapping fifth grade students and their parents’ conceptions concerning the learning process is the main goal of this study. Semi-structured interviews were used; data were treated by following qualitative and quantitative approaches. The outcomes suggest that parents use to conceptualize ‘learning´ as something ‘processual and experimental´, whereas their children, the students, understand ‘learning` under a processual, but also instrumental perspective. The implications of such findings, in relation to the learning process, are also discussed in the paper.El significado atribuido al fenómeno “aprender” es influenciado por la interrelación entre individuos, contextos y culturas. La edad del alumno, las concepciones familiares y culturales y el contexto de enseñanza se constituyen como algunos de los aspectos que influencian las concepciones de aprendizaje de los alumnos. El estudio presentado, realizado en el marco teórico fenómeno gráfico, está focalizado en la descripción de las concepciones de las personas sobre las varias facetas del fenómeno aprender. El principal objetivo se centra en el “mapeamiento” de las concepciones de aprendizaje de alumnos del 5.º año de escolaridad y de sus padres (encargados de educación). Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y tratados cualitativa y cuantitativamente. Los resultados sugieren que los padres conceptualizan el aprender mayoritariamente como algo procesual y experiencial, mientras los hijos lo conceptualizan sobretodo desde una perspectiva procesual e instrumental. Se discuten implicaciones de estos datos para el proceso de aprendizaje.(undefined

Critical analysis of Chagas disease treatment in different countries

Chagas disease; Treatment; BenznidazoleEnfermedad de Chagas; Tratamiento; BenznidazolMalaltia de Chagas; Tractament; BenznidazolAs a result of globalization and constant migratory flows, Chagas disease is now present in almost all continents. The management and treatment of the disease is often influenced by the economic and social context of the societies that host patients. In this manuscript, we aim to provide a comparative review of approaches to patients with Chagas disease in the Americas and Europe

Noise rich in low frequency components, a new comorbidity for periodontal disease? An experimental study

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."Introduction: Exposure to noise rich in low frequency components induces abnormal proliferation of extracellular matrix and collagens. The previous studies have shown alterations in the periodontium of both humans and animals. Our objective was the evaluation of collagens I, IV and V of the periodontium of Wistar rats exposed to noise rich in low frequency components. Materials and Methods: 5 groups (each with 10 animals) were exposed to continuous low frequency noise (LFN). The LFN, from previously recorded white noise, frequency filtered and amplified, was applied in growing periods of 1, 3, 5, 9 and 13 weeks, in order to characterize the alterations with exposure time. A control group of ten animals was kept in silence. These animals were used in groups of 2 as aged‑matched controls. After exposure, sections were obtained including teeth, alveolar bone and periodontium and observed after immunollabeling for collagens I, IV and V. Results: A significant increase in collagen I was observed in exposed groups (P < 0.001) (Kruskal‑Wallis test). Post‑hoc comparisons (Mann‑Whitney test with Bonferroni correction) showed an increase in collagen I in animals exposed for 3 weeks or more (P < 0.001). The same test was applied to collagen V where significant differences were found when comparing control and exposed groups (P ≤ 0.004). The t‑test for independent samples was applied to collagen type IV where no significant differences were found (P = 0.410), when comparing to the control group. Discussion: As in other organs, we can observe fibrosis and the newly formed collagen is likely to be “nonfunctional,” which could have clinical impact. Conclusion: Noise may constitute a new comorbidity for periodontal disease.

Current Regulatory Requirements for Biosimilars in Six Member Countries of BRICS-TM: Challenges and Opportunities

© 2021 Rahalkar, Sheppard, Santos, Dasgupta, Perez-Tapia, Lopez-Morales and Salek. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Background: The aim of the study was to identify, interpret, and compare the current perspectives of regulatory agencies in six member countries of BRICS-TM (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Turkey, and Mexico) on the different criteria used for biosimilar development and marketing authorisation process. Methods: A semi-quantitative questionnaire was developed covering the organisation of agency, biosimilar development criteria and marketing authorisation process and sent to seven regulatory agencies covering the BRICS-TM countries. All data was kept anonymous and confidential. Data processing and analysis was carried out; descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data and content analysis was employed to generate themes for qualitative data. Results: Out of the seven regulatory agencies included in the study, six representatives provided the responses. The perspectives of these six regulatory agencies varied on a number of aspects relating to the review criteria for biosimilar development and licencing process. The most prevalent model for data assessment is the “full review” of a marketing authorisation application. There is lack of a standard approach across the agencies on sourcing of the reference biological product, in vivo toxicity studies and confirmatory clinical studies. Most agencies restrict interaction with biosimilar developers and any scientific advice is non-binding. The marketing authorisation approval depends on scientific assessment of the dossier, sample analysis and GMP certification. The agencies do not issue any public assessment report specifying the summary basis of biosimilar approval. Conclusion: Regulatory agencies across the six emerging economies are steadily improving the regulatory mechanism in the area of biosimilars. However, there remains scope for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the processes by encouraging open and transparent interaction with developers, adopting a flexible approach toward accepting advanced analytical data in lieu of clinical studies and enhancing regulatory reliance amongst agencies. This will help to simplify the new biosimilar development programmes and make them more cost-effective.Peer reviewe