As quedas e a dependência em idosos institucionalizados

Identificar os factores de quedas em idosos institucionalizados de longa duração, determinando os risco de queda e as suas consequências para a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Métodos: Foram realizadas 64 entrevistas a idosos com mais de 65 anos vivendo em quatro distintas instituições de longa duração. A variável dependente é o número de quedas no último ano e os factores de queda intrínsecos e extrínsecos mais referidos na literatura constituíram as variáveis independentes. Resultados: O estudo demonstra um número muito elevado de quedas em idosos institucionalizados, coincidentes com os encontrados em outros estudos internacionais. As consequências físicas e psicológicas das quedas são bem evidentes, nomeadamente o risco de fractura. Os factores intrínsecos estão mais relacionados com o risco de queda do que os factores extrínsecos ou ambientais. Os idosos que apresentam maior risco de queda são os dependentes, isto é, que apresentam um maior grau de dependência face à realização das actividades básicas de vida. Abstract To identify the factors of falls among elderly living in long-term care institutions and to measure the risk of fall and its consequences. Methods: 64 aged persons of four different institutions were interviewed. The dependent variable is the number of falls in the last year and the independent variables were both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of fall commonly referred in scientific literature. Results: The study shows a high number of falls among elderly living in long-term care institutions, coincident with the figures founded in other international studies. Both physical and psychological consequences of the falls are quite evident in this study, namely serious injuries including as fractures. We find out that the intrinsic factors are more closely related to the risk of fall than the extrinsic or ambient factors. We also observed that the elderly with a higher degree of dependence to perform their basic daily activities presented the highest risk of falling

A evolução temporal dos tipos de inundações com danos humanos no concelho de Lisboa (1865-2010)

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Training for happiness: the impacts of different positive exercises on hedonism and eudaemonia

Theoretical conceptions on happiness have generally considered two broad perspectives: hedonic enjoyment and eudaemonia. However, most research on how to improve people’s happiness has focused primarily on the enhance‑ ment of hedonic happiness. In this longitudinal experimental study we test the differential impact of two positive exercises—Best Possible Selves and the Lottery Question—on hedonic and eudaemonic happiness. The hypothesis that the practice of the Best Possible Selves exercise would increase hedonic happiness was confirmed. This effect was immediate and maintained a week after the exercise. Furthermore, this exercise also increased eudaemonic happiness. However, its effect decreased after a week. Contrary to what was expected the Lottery Question exercise decreased both eudaemonic happiness and hedonic happiness over time. We discuss implications of this study for the literature on positive psychological and behavioral interventions to increase happiness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risk factors for metabolic bone disease in Crohn's disease patients

Background: The aim was to evaluate the presence of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify potential etiologic factors. Methods: The case–control study included 99 patients with CD and 56 controls with a similar age and gender distribution. Both groups had dual-energy x-ray absorptionmetry and a nutritional evaluation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the IL1, TNF-a, LTa, and IL-6 genes were analyzed in patients only. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of MBD was significantly higher in patients (P ¼ 0.006). CD patients with osteoporosis were older (P < 0.005), small bowel involvement and surgical resections were more frequent (P < 0.005), they more often exhibited a penetrating or stricturing phenotype (P < 0.05), duration of disease over 15 years (P < 0.005), and body mass index (BMI) under 18.5 kg/m2 (P < 0.01) were more often found. No association was found with steroid use. Patients with a Z-score < 2.0 more frequently had chronic active disease (P < 0.05). With regard to diet, low vitamin K intake was more frequent (P ¼ 0.03) and intake of total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat was higher in patients with Z-score < 2.0 (P < 0.05). With respect to genetics, carriage of the polymorphic allele for LTa252 A/G was associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis (P ¼ 0.02). Regression analysis showed that age over 40 years, chronic active disease, and previous colonic resections were independently associated with the risk of developing MBD. Conclusions: The prevalence of MBD was significantly higher in CD patients. Besides the usual risk factors, we observed that factors related to chronic active and long-lasting disease increased the risk of MBD

Compromisso Desportivo : passado, presente e futuro em Espanha e Portugal

O presente trabalho teve como principais objetivos situar as origens e abordar os principais resultados da investigação desenvolvida no domínio do compromisso desportivo, designadamente no que se refere à Península Ibérica, procurando ainda sugerir alguns dos principais desafios futuros que se colocam nesta área do conhecimento. Nesse sentido, é explicada a atual formulação do Sport Commitment Model, desenvolvido por Tara Scanlan e a sua equipa na UCLA, no âmbito do Sport Commitment International Scale Development Project, com o propósito de explicar porque continuam os atletas a sua prática desportiva ao longo do tempo, bem como é apresentado o instrumento elaborado por aqueles autores para testar o modelo proposto e posteriormente adotado pela maior parte dos pesquisadores nesta área; i.e., o Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ). Adicionalmente, é explicado o processo de desenvolvimento da versão revista e melhorada daquele instrumento (o Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2; SCQ-2), com base no método de-centering que facilita a tradução e adaptação a diferentes idiomas visando obter um instrumento válido e fiável, atualmente em adaptação para as realidades portuguesa e espanhola. Finalmente, são indicados os que se consideram ser os principais desafios futuros à investigação nesta área: 1) adaptar o SCQ-2 para outros idiomas; 2) investigar o compromisso desportivo, considerando idade, género e nível competitivo dos indivíduos; 3) adaptar o SCQ-2 a diferentes âmbitos e agentes desportivos; 4) analisar a relação do compromisso desportivo com outras variáveis; e 5) desenvolver um instrumento de observação do compromisso desportivo.The main objectives of this paper are to discuss the origins and to address the main findings of research undertaken in the field of sport commitment, particularly with regard to the Iberian Peninsula, trying to suggest some key future challenges for this field of knowledge. An outline is given of the current configuration of the Sport Commitment Model developed by Tara Scanlan and her team at UCLA within the framework of the Sport Commitment Scale International Development Project in order to explain why athletes continue to do sport over time. A presentation is given of the tool developed by the said authors to test the proposed model, which has subsequently been adopted by most researchers in this field; that is, the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ). Additionally, an explanation is given of the process of the development of a revised improved version of the tool (the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2; SCQ-2), based on the de-centering method, which facilitates its translation into and adaptation to different languages in order to obtain a valid reliable instrument - one that is currently being adapted to the Portuguese and Spanish cultures. Finally, the main challenges for future research in this field are outlined: 1) to adapt the SCQ-2 to other languages; 2) to investigate sport commitment, taking into account individuals' age, gender and competition level; 3) to adapt the SCQ-2 to different contexts and sports stakeholders; 4) to analyze the relationship between sport commitment and other variables; and 5) to develop an instrument for monitoring sport commitment

A simulação como ferramenta de desenvolvimento de competências

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tomada de decisão e memória transitiva no treino militar: O caso dos centros de comando e controlo de um navio

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Novel auxetic thermoset and thermoplastic composites for energy absorption

Auxetic materials are characterized as materials with negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR), i.e. stretching of these materials in longitudinal direction results in widening in the transverse direction. This counterintuitive behaviour provides higher energy absorption capacity and damage resistance. Auxetic composites can be made from conventional materials, using the laminated angle-ply method, in which the layers are stacked in a special sequence resulting in NPR. Accordingly, the use of carbon fibers as reinforcement is more appropriate than kevlar or glass fibers as they combine exceptional mechanical properties and low weight. Indeed, there are several carbon fibers and matrices that make them suitable for a range of end-uses. This research work focuses on investigating the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers. For this purpose, the effects of fiber orientations and the influence of resin type on the mechanical properties and Poisson’s ratio have been investigated as regards to the tensile and impact behaviours. Carbon fiber stacked at different angles reinforcing thermoset and thermoplastic polymers were studied.FCT, projeto “Development of Auxetic Fibrous Composite for Personal Protection, ref. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016893 e PTDC/CTM-POL/5814/201

More than gold - an interdisciplinary, complementary study of gilding materials and techniques in Baroque altarpieces from Portugal

The paper deals with an interdisciplinary and multi-technique study of gilding materials and techniques in several Portuguese altarpieces during the Baroque period, developed within a research project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010). Different microscopic techniques together with X-ray diffraction, X-ray micro-CT, micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the stratigraphic structure and gilding techniques of 49 samples taken from 7 altarpieces in the Lisbon/Cascais and Santarém areas. The research is also a comparative study between the gilding materials and techniques used in altarpieces from the same historical period but in two different geographical areas.El artículo presenta un estudio interdisciplinar y multi-técnico de los materiales y de las técnicas de dorado en varios retablos portugueses del periodo Barroco, desarrollado durante un proyecto de investigación financiado por la Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia en Portugal (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010). Técnicas microscópicas junto con la difracción de rayos X, tomografia microcomputerizada, espectroscopias de micro-FTIR y micro-Raman fueron empleadas para caracterizar la estrutura estratigráfica de 49 muestras procedentes de 7 retablos de las áreas de Lisboa/Cascais y Santàrem. La investigación pretende también constituir un estudio comparativo entre materiales y técnicas de dorado utilizadas en retablos del mismo periodo histórico aunque de áreas geográficas diferentes.O artigo apresenta um estudo interdisciplinar e multi-técnica dos materiais e das técnicas de douramento em vários retábulos Portugueses da época Barroca, desenvolvido durante um projecto de investigação financiado pela Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia em Portugal (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010). Foram usadas técnicas microscópicas, em conjunto com difracção de raios X, microtomografia computadorizada de raios X, espectroscopias de microFTIR e microRaman para caracterizar a estrutura estratigráfica de 49 amostras provenientes de 7 retábulos das áreas de Lisboa/Cascais e de Santarém. A investigação pretende ser também um estudo comparativo entre materiais e técnicas de douramento utilizados em retábulos do mesmo período histórico, mas provenientes de duas áreas geográficas diferentes

Tunning pectinase activity under the effects of electric fields in the enhanced clarification of wine must

Introduction: Pectinolytic enzymes are of great importance for the clarification process of “Vinho Verde” wine must, contributing to the reduction of haze development. During the last decade, a growing body of knowledge has been established about the effects of electric fields on the activation of important food enzymes. However, the influence of electrical parameters on catalytic activity is enzyme-dependent and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. This work describes, for the first time, the effects of electric fields and electrical frequency on the activity of pectinase (PEC) in the accelerated clarification of “Vinho Verde” must. Method: Moderate electric fields (MEF) with intensities below 20 V/cm and at electrical frequencies ranging from 50 to 20 kHz were applied at temperatures between 15 and 35°C. Enzymatic activity was measured for 25 min, and the initial rate of reaction was determined by the coefficient of the linear plot of galacturonic acid (GAL) production as a function of time. Results: The results show that electrical frequency can increase enzymatic activity depending on temperature conditions; at 20°C and with electrical frequencies of 2 and 20 kHz, enzymatic activity increased by up to 40 and 20%, respectively, when compared with the control sample (without the application of MEF). Temperature dependence was evaluated through the Arrhenius equation, showing that energy of activation (Ea) can be reduced from 9.2 to 6.6 kJ/mol at sub-optimal temperatures for PEC activity when MEF is applied. Discussion: Electrical parameters, when combined with temperatures below 20°C, reduced pectin concentration in “Vinho Verde” wine must by up to 42% of its initial content. This emergent treatment can be integrated in relevant environmental conditions, presenting an opportunity to increase enzyme efficiency even in low-temperature conditions, which favors the winemaking process.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, LABBELSAssociate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020, and funded by BIOECONORTE (ref. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000070) with a funding body from the Norte Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR-N), NORTE2020, Portugal 2020 and ESIF - European Structural and Investment Funds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio