L'art-thérapie et l'empowerment : enjeux et perspectives

Partant de deux modes d'intervention professionnels, soit l'organisation communautaire et l'art-thérapie, nous avons voulu explorer les possibles points de jonction : l'organisation communautaire parce qu'elle œuvre au changement social, et l'art-thérapie parce qu'elle offre de nouvelles façons de faire face à des problématiques plus sévères ou complexes. Du fait de la rareté d'expérience concrète et de littérature à propos de l'art-thérapie sociale, nous avons privilégié l'étude de cas comme méthodologie de recherche en vue de documenter et développer plus avant, la théorie sur le sujet. Cependant, n'ayant pu identifier un organisme communautaire au Québec s'inscrivant en droite ligne avec l'objet de recherche, nous avons sélectionné un organisme qui s'en approchait le plus. Celui-ci œuvre auprès de jeunes âgés de 16 à 30 ans suivant un mode d'intervention socioartistique mettant en valeur la force médiatrice de la musique et des arts plastiques. Ces jeunes adultes sont reconnus pour vivre une marginalité par leur mode de vie ou par leurs conditions de vie. Dans ce dernier cas, la marginalisation est importante puisqu'ils font face à l'itinérance, à la toxicomanie ainsi qu'à des problématiques reliées à la santé mentale. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, nous nous sommes essentiellement intéressées aux impacts des arts plastiques sur le développement de l'empowerment dans ses dimensions individuelle, organisationnelle et communautaire dans ce contexte particulier d'intervention. Les résultats de recherche sont de deux ordres. Tout d'abord, les données révèlent une étroite interdépendance des trois dimensions de l'empowerment en ce sens que chacune sert au développement des deux autres. La fonction de l'organisme dans ce système s'est toutefois avérée primordiale, se trouvant à l'interface entre une clientèle présentant un faible empowerment et une communauté s'animant grâce à l'empowerment de ses membres. Ensuite, l'analyse a permis de cerner la fonction des arts dans le contexte de l'étude. Les résultats ont mis en évidence le fait que l'usage des arts plastiques soutient le développement de l'empowerment individuel en ce qu'ils offrent l'opportunité de développer des aptitudes et des compétences à la fois personnelles, sociales et artistiques contribuant ainsi au développement d' une image de soi plus satisfaisante. Cependant, la fonction des arts est peu exploitée en regard du développement organisationnel et communautaire. En conséquence, nous ne pouvons conclure à une véritable pratique en art-thérapie sociale mais avons pu dégager certaines conditions de pratique offrant un cadre théorique à un nouveau modèle d'intervention. Parmi celles-ci, le développement de l'empowerment dans ses trois dimensions est au cœur de l'approche et la fonction des arts comme modalité d'expression, de connaissance de soi et de revendication à travers la symbolisation est étroitement liée à chacune des dimensions. La présente étude de cas comporte certes quelques limites d'ordre méthodologique mais ouvre néanmoins la voie au développement d'une pratique innovante dans l'esprit d'un renouvellement de pratique tant en art-thérapie qu'en intervention communautaire.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : art-thérapie sociale, art communautaire, intervention communautaire

Panel #4: The Madawaska Territory and the Aftermath of Statehood

Presentations in this session include: Free Trade Before Free Trade: John Emmerson, Petit Sault Merchant, His Suppliers and Customers in the Mid-Nineteenth Century, Béatrice Craig Madawaska and the Convergence of Empire, Nation, and State, Elizabeth Mancke The Effect of 9/11 on a Borderlands Community: Fort Kent, Maine and Clair, New Brunswick, Lisa Lavoi

Analyses des sillons viscoélastiques lors d'un contact entre une pointe rigide et la surface d'un polymère.

Des couches incolores et jaunes ont été obtenues par un traitement laser Nd/YAG impulsionnel à la surface d'un substrat en titane. Les évolutions de la structure ont été étudiées à la suite de test de fretting à l'aide d'analyses Raman. Ces analyses Raman montrent que les évolutions engendrées par les frottements sont différentes entre ces couches incolores et jaunes même si leurs comportements tribologiques et leurs morphologies sont proches

Transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis developing stems: a close-up on cell wall genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Different strategies (genetics, biochemistry, and proteomics) can be used to study proteins involved in cell biogenesis. The availability of the complete sequences of several plant genomes allowed the development of transcriptomic studies. Although the expression patterns of some <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>genes involved in cell wall biogenesis were identified at different physiological stages, detailed microarray analysis of plant cell wall genes has not been performed on any plant tissues. Using transcriptomic and bioinformatic tools, we studied the regulation of cell wall genes in <it>Arabidopsis </it>stems, <it>i.e. </it>genes encoding proteins involved in cell wall biogenesis and genes encoding secreted proteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Transcriptomic analyses of stems were performed at three different developmental stages, <it>i.e.</it>, young stems, intermediate stage, and mature stems. Many genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall components such as polysaccharides and monolignols were identified. A total of 345 genes encoding predicted secreted proteins with moderate or high level of transcripts were analyzed in details. The encoded proteins were distributed into 8 classes, based on the presence of predicted functional domains. Proteins acting on carbohydrates and proteins of unknown function constituted the two most abundant classes. Other proteins were proteases, oxido-reductases, proteins with interacting domains, proteins involved in signalling, and structural proteins. Particularly high levels of expression were established for genes encoding pectin methylesterases, germin-like proteins, arabinogalactan proteins, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, and structural proteins. Finally, the results of this transcriptomic analyses were compared with those obtained through a cell wall proteomic analysis from the same material. Only a small proportion of genes identified by previous proteomic analyses were identified by transcriptomics. Conversely, only a few proteins encoded by genes having moderate or high level of transcripts were identified by proteomics.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Analysis of the genes predicted to encode cell wall proteins revealed that about 345 genes had moderate or high levels of transcripts. Among them, we identified many new genes possibly involved in cell wall biogenesis. The discrepancies observed between results of this transcriptomic study and a previous proteomic study on the same material revealed post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation of expression of genes encoding cell wall proteins.</p

Transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis developing stems: a close-up on cell wall genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Different strategies (genetics, biochemistry, and proteomics) can be used to study proteins involved in cell biogenesis. The availability of the complete sequences of several plant genomes allowed the development of transcriptomic studies. Although the expression patterns of some <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>genes involved in cell wall biogenesis were identified at different physiological stages, detailed microarray analysis of plant cell wall genes has not been performed on any plant tissues. Using transcriptomic and bioinformatic tools, we studied the regulation of cell wall genes in <it>Arabidopsis </it>stems, <it>i.e. </it>genes encoding proteins involved in cell wall biogenesis and genes encoding secreted proteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Transcriptomic analyses of stems were performed at three different developmental stages, <it>i.e.</it>, young stems, intermediate stage, and mature stems. Many genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall components such as polysaccharides and monolignols were identified. A total of 345 genes encoding predicted secreted proteins with moderate or high level of transcripts were analyzed in details. The encoded proteins were distributed into 8 classes, based on the presence of predicted functional domains. Proteins acting on carbohydrates and proteins of unknown function constituted the two most abundant classes. Other proteins were proteases, oxido-reductases, proteins with interacting domains, proteins involved in signalling, and structural proteins. Particularly high levels of expression were established for genes encoding pectin methylesterases, germin-like proteins, arabinogalactan proteins, fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, and structural proteins. Finally, the results of this transcriptomic analyses were compared with those obtained through a cell wall proteomic analysis from the same material. Only a small proportion of genes identified by previous proteomic analyses were identified by transcriptomics. Conversely, only a few proteins encoded by genes having moderate or high level of transcripts were identified by proteomics.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Analysis of the genes predicted to encode cell wall proteins revealed that about 345 genes had moderate or high levels of transcripts. Among them, we identified many new genes possibly involved in cell wall biogenesis. The discrepancies observed between results of this transcriptomic study and a previous proteomic study on the same material revealed post-transcriptional mechanisms of regulation of expression of genes encoding cell wall proteins.</p

Status report - Individual, programmatic and systemic indicators of the quality of mental health care using a large health administrative database: an avenue for preventing suicide mortality

Suicide is a major public health issue in Canada. The quality of health care services, in addition to other individual and population factors, has been shown to affect suicide rates. In publicly managed care systems, such as systems in Canada and the United Kingdom, the quality of health care is manifested at the individual, program and system levels. Suicide audits are used to assess health care services in relation to the deaths by suicide at individual level and when aggregated at the program and system levels. Large health administrative databases comprise another data source used to inform population-based decisions at the system, program and individual levels regarding mental health services that may affect the risk of suicide. This status report paper describes a project we are conducting at the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ) with the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS) in collaboration with colleagues from Wales (United Kingdom) and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. This study describes the development of quality of care indicators at three levels and the corresponding statistical analysis strategies designed. We propose 13 quality of care indicators, including system-level and several population-level determinants, primary care treatment, specialist care, the balance between care sectors, emergency room utilization, and mental health and addiction budgets, that may be drawn from a chronic disease surveillance system

Le Forum, Vol. 42 No. 3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1096/thumbnail.jp

Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe