Implementation of a BUS OFF recovery mechanism on a CAN bus driver

This report presents the implementation of the BUS OFF recovery mechanism on a CAN bus driver. The CAN protocol defined in 1991 by Robert Bosh GmbH implements 5 error detection mechanisms: 1. Bit Monitoring; 2. Bit Stuffing; 3. Frame Check; 4. Acknowledgement Check; 5. Cyclic Redundancy Check. If a node in a CAN bus does not return a recessive bit on its reply for a given time, it will be put in BUS OFF status and will stop transmitting information to the bus, until the BUS OFF status get cleared either manually or automatically. The implementation of this mechanism is made on a Freescale’s MC9S12XEP100 and involves modifications to its MSCAN (Scalable Controller Area Network) module configuration bits to enable both the BUS OFF and the Automatic BUS OFF recovery. The implementation also includes functions that will recover the bus from this state, manually, after pressing a button. This document describes the details on the previously mentioned mechanisms.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Simple implementation of complex functionals: scaled selfconsistency

We explore and compare three approximate schemes allowing simple implementation of complex density functionals by making use of selfconsistent implementation of simpler functionals: (i) post-LDA evaluation of complex functionals at the LDA densities (or those of other simple functionals); (ii) application of a global scaling factor to the potential of the simple functional; and (iii) application of a local scaling factor to that potential. Option (i) is a common choice in density-functional calculations. Option (ii) was recently proposed by Cafiero and Gonzalez. We here put their proposal on a more rigorous basis, by deriving it, and explaining why it works, directly from the theorems of density-functional theory. Option (iii) is proposed here for the first time. We provide detailed comparisons of the three approaches among each other and with fully selfconsistent implementations for Hartree, local-density, generalized-gradient, self-interaction corrected, and meta-generalized-gradient approximations, for atoms, ions, quantum wells and model Hamiltonians. Scaled approaches turn out to be, on average, better than post-approaches, and unlike these also provide corrections to eigenvalues and orbitals. Scaled selfconsistency thus opens the possibility of efficient and reliable implementation of density functionals of hitherto unprecedented complexity.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

Hypolita: tensões e solidariedades nas negociações da liberdade

In this article we propose to analyze some evidence of Hypolita’s history - Maria das Dores, mulatto woman who was born free and was enslaved in Crato (Ceara) and Exu (Pernambuco), places where she lived in the nineteenth century. The main aim of this work is to understand how to establish solidarities and tensions in a freedom action process in different spaces. In an approach that introduce itself in the social history field of women, Hypolita is had as a character of her history, she fights for her freedom and for her children’s freedom. Our work strategy, evidence method, is based on micro-Italian history. The documentary corpus that allows such investigative uprighting is formed for texts of the newspaper - O Araripe, post-mortem inventories and parish books of weddings.Propomo-nos, neste artigo analisar alguns indícios da história de Hypolita Maria das Dores, mulata que nasceu livre e foi escravizada, no Crato (Ceará) e no Exu (Pernambuco), lugares em que viveu, no século XIX. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste em compreender como se estabelecem as solidariedades e tensões em um processo de ação de liberdade em espaços diferenciados. Numa abordagem que se insere no campo da história social das mulheres, Hypolita é tomada como sujeito de sua história, que luta pela sua liberdade e pela liberdade de seus filhos. Nossa estratégia de trabalho, a indiciária, está fundamentada na micro-história italiana. O corpus documental que permite tal verticalização investigativa é formada por textos do jornal O Araripe, inventários post-mortem e livros paroquiais de casamentos

Tratamiento de agua residual de microbiología usando películas delgadas de TiO2

(Eng) Microbiology cell-staining wastewater was treated by UV/TiO 2 thin films photocatalysis. A simple method of applying gravity sedimentation over grass-type substrate was used for the preparation of the films. The use of Na4 P2 O7, microwaves, and ultrasounds were studied for decreasing the TiO2 grain sizes on the films. It was established that the best method for reducing grain size resulted from a combination of Na4P2O7 (0.01M) and microwave radiation (700 W, 20 min). The Films were characterized by several microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Anatase phase (gap energy of 3.2 eV) and grain sizes averaging 83 nm were achieved. Photocatalysis tests using TiO2-film showed 99.5 % of decolorization, 79 % TOC abatement, and total microbial inactivation after 14 h of treatment. No bacteria re–growth was found 48 h after the treatment was completed.(Spa) La fotocatálisis con UV/TiO2usando películas delgadas fue empleada para el tratamiento de agua residual de microbiología. Se empleó un método simple de sedimentación por gravedad sobre sustrato de vidrio para la preparación de las películas. El uso de Na4P2O7, microondas y ultrasonido fue estudiado para la disminución de los granos de TiO2 en las películas. Se estableció que el mejor método para disminuir los agregados resultó de una combinación de Na4P2O7(0.01M) y radiación de microondas (700 W, 20 min). Las películas fueron caracterizadas por métodos microscópicos y espectroscópicos. Se obtuvo la fase anatasa (brecha de energía de 3.2 e.V) y tamaños de grano de 83nm. Los ensayos fotocatalíticos utilizando las películas de TiO2generaron un 99.5% de decoloración, 79% de remoción de COT y una inactivación microbiana total luego de 14 h de tratamiento. No se encontró reactivación microbiana luego de 48 h de finalizado el tratamiento

Gradient-dependent density functionals of the PBE type for atoms, molecules and solids

One of the standard generalized-gradient approximations (GGAs) in use in modern electronic-structure theory, PBE, and a recently proposed modification designed specifically for solids, PBEsol, are identified as particular members of a family of functionals taking their parameters from different properties of homogeneous or inhomogeneous electron liquids. Three further members of this family are constructed and tested, together with the original PBE and PBEsol, for atoms, molecules and solids. We find that PBE, in spite of its popularity in solid-state physics and quantum chemistry, is not always the best performing member of the family, and that PBEsol, in spite of having been constructed specifically for solids, is not the best for solids. The performance of GGAs for finite systems is found to sensitively depend on the choice of constraints steaming from infinite systems. Guidelines both for users and for developers of density functionals emerge from this work.Comment: 4 pages, PRB Rapid Comm. accepte

An AFM Approach of RBC Micro and Nanoscale Topographic Features During Storage

Blood gamma irradiation is the only available method to prevent transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD). However, when blood is irradiated, determine blood shelf time is crucial. Non-irradiated blood has a self-time from 21 to 35 days when is preserved with an anticoagulated solution and stored at 4°C. During their storage, red blood cells (RBC) undergo a series of biochemical, biomechanical and molecular changes involving what is known as storage lesion (SL). SL include loss of structural integrity of RBC, a decrease of 2,3-diphosphatidylglyceric acid levels, and an increase of both ion potassium concentration and hemoglobin (Hb). On the other hand, Atomic force Microscopy (AFM) represents a versatile tool for a nano-scale high-resolution topographic analysis in biological systems. In order to evaluate SL in irradiated and non-irradiated blood, RBC topography and morphometric parameters were obtained from an AFM XE-BIO system. Cell viability was followed using flow cytometry. Our results showed that early markers as nanoscale roughness, allow us to evaluate blood quality since another perspective

Floating stones off El Hierro, Canary Islands: xenoliths of pre-island sedimentary origin in the early products of the October 2011 eruption

The eruption that started off the south coast of El Hierro, Canary Islands, in October 2011 has emitted intriguing eruption products found floating in the sea. These specimens appeared as floating volcanic "bombs" that have in the meantime been termed "restingolites" (after the close-by village of La Restinga) and exhibit cores of white and porous pumice-like material. Currently the nature and origin of these "floating stones" is vigorously debated among researchers, with important implications for the interpretation of the hazard potential of the ongoing eruption. The "restingolites" have been proposed to be either (i) juvenile high-silica magma (e.g. rhyolite), (ii) remelted magmatic material (trachyte), (iii) altered volcanic rock, or (iv) reheated hyaloclastites or zeolite from the submarine slopes of El Hierro. Here, we provide evidence that supports yet a different conclusion. We have collected and analysed the structure and composition of samples and compared the results to previous work on similar rocks found in the archipelago. Based on their high silica content, the lack of igneous trace element signatures, and the presence of remnant quartz crystals, jasper fragments and carbonate relicts, we conclude that "restingolites" are in fact xenoliths from pre-island sedimentary rocks that were picked up and heated by the ascending magma causing them to partially melt and vesiculate. They hence represent messengers from depth that help us to understand the interaction between ascending magma and crustal lithologies in the Canary Islands as well as in similar Atlantic islands that rest on sediment/covered ocean crust (e.g. Cape Verdes, Azores). The occurrence of these "restingolites" does therefore not indicate the presence of an explosive high-silica magma that is involved in the ongoing eruption

MARCO variants are associated with phagocytosis, pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility and Beijing lineage

Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) has an important role in the phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). We hypothesized that MARCO polymorphisms are associated with phagocytosis, tuberculosis (TB) disease susceptibility and presentation, and infecting lineage. We used a human cellular model to examine how MARCO genotype mediates the immune response; a case-control study to investigate tuberculosis host genetic susceptibility; and a host-pathogen genetic analysis to study host-pathogen interactions. Two MARCO heterozygous (AG) genotypes (single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs2278589 and rs6751745) were associated with impaired phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate-cord factor and β-glucan-coated beads in macrophages. The heterozygous genotypes of rs2278589 and rs6751745 were also associated with increased risk of pulmonary TB (PTB; rs2278589, P=0.001, odds ratio (OR)=1.6; rs6751745, P=0.009, OR=1.4), and with severe chest X-ray abnormalities (P=0.007, OR=1.6). These two genotypes were also associated with the Beijing lineage (rs2278589, P=0.001, OR=1.7; rs6751745, P=0.01, OR=1.5). Together, these results suggest that MARCO polymorphisms may regulate phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis and susceptibility and severity of PTB. They also suggest MARCO genotype and Beijing strains may interact to increase the risk of PT

Aggressive vs. conservative phototherapy for infants with extremely low birth weight.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether aggressive phototherapy to prevent neurotoxic effects of bilirubin benefits or harms infants with extremely low birth weight (1000 g or less). METHODS: We randomly assigned 1974 infants with extremely low birth weight at 12 to 36 hours of age to undergo either aggressive or conservative phototherapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment determined for 91% of the infants by investigators who were unaware of the treatment assignments. RESULTS: Aggressive phototherapy, as compared with conservative phototherapy, significantly reduced the mean peak serum bilirubin level (7.0 vs. 9.8 mg per deciliter [120 vs. 168 micromol per liter], P\u3c0.01) but not the rate of the primary outcome (52% vs. 55%; relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.02; P=0.15). Aggressive phototherapy did reduce rates of neurodevelopmental impairment (26%, vs. 30% for conservative phototherapy; relative risk, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.99). Rates of death in the aggressive-phototherapy and conservative-phototherapy groups were 24% and 23%, respectively (relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.22). In preplanned subgroup analyses, the rates of death were 13% with aggressive phototherapy and 14% with conservative phototherapy for infants with a birth weight of 751 to 1000 g and 39% and 34%, respectively (relative risk, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.34), for infants with a birth weight of 501 to 750 g. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive phototherapy did not significantly reduce the rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment. The rate of neurodevelopmental impairment alone was significantly reduced with aggressive phototherapy. This reduction may be offset by an increase in mortality among infants weighing 501 to 750 g at birth. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00114543.