Material audiovisual para el aprendizaje de métodos y conceptos básicos en Geología

El proyecto se centra en la elaboración de vídeos en los que se resuelven problemas prácticos relacionados con conceptos básicos de Geología General, principalmente relacionados con mapas topográficos y mapas geológicos. El objetivo es que estos vídeo-tutoriales sirvan de apoyo a los alumnos de los primeros cursos de las titulaciones de Grado en Geología y Grado en Ingeniería Geológica, para el estudio de los contenidos y ejercicios prácticos

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections in patients with cancer: differences between patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors

Objectives: To assess the clinical features and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (PA BSI) in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies (HM) and with solid tumors (ST), and identify the risk factors for 30-day mortality. Methods: We performed a large multicenter, retrospective cohort study including onco-hematological neutropenic patients with PA BSI conducted across 34 centers in 12 countries (January 2006-May 2018). Episodes occurring in hematologic patients were compared to those developing in patients with ST. Risk factors associated with 30-day mortality were investigated in both groups. Results: Of 1217 episodes of PA BSI, 917 occurred in patients with HM and 300 in patients with ST. Hematological patients had more commonly profound neutropenia (0.1 × 109 cells/mm) (67% vs. 44.6%; p < 0.001), and a high risk Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) index score (32.2% vs. 26.7%; p = 0.05). Catheter-infection (10.7% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.001), mucositis (2.4% vs. 0.7%; p = 0.042), and perianal infection (3.6% vs. 0.3%; p = 0.001) predominated as BSI sources in the hematological patients, whereas pneumonia (22.9% vs. 33.7%; p < 0.001) and other abdominal sites (2.8% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.006) were more common in patients with ST. Hematological patients had more frequent BSI due to multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) (23.2% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.001), and were more likely to receive inadequate initial antibiotic therapy (IEAT) (20.1% vs. 12%; p < 0.001). Patients with ST presented more frequently with septic shock (45.8% vs. 30%; p < 0.001), and presented worse outcomes, with increased 7-day (38% vs. 24.2%; p < 0.001) and 30-day (49% vs. 37.3%; p < 0.001) case-fatality rates. Risk factors for 30-day mortality in hematologic patients were high risk MASCC index score, IEAT, pneumonia, infection due to MDRPA, and septic shock. Risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with ST were high risk MASCC index score, IEAT, persistent BSI, and septic shock. Therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was associated with survival in both groups. Conclusions: The clinical features and outcomes of PA BSI in neutropenic cancer patients showed some differences depending on the underlying malignancy. Considering these differences and the risk factors for mortality may be useful to optimize their therapeutic management. Among the risk factors associated with overall mortality, IEAT and the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were the only modifiable variables.Funding: This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) (CB21/13/00009; CB21/13/00079; CB21/13/00054; CB21/13/00086), Madrid, Spain. Acknowledgments: We thank the ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections, Endocarditis, and Sepsis (ESGBIES) and the ESCMID Study Group for Immunocompromised Hosts (ESGICH) for supporting the study. We thank the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Program and Generalitat de Catalunya for the institutional support. We thank the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases and the Río Hortega program of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III for the financial support of pre-doctoral student J. Laporte-Amargós and A. Bergas

Long-term care facilities (LTCF) for the elderly: the surveillance of communicable diseases as part of health care and protection

[ES] Durante las últimas décadas la asistencia sanitaria ha sufrido importantes cambios. La mayor esperanza de vida ha dado lugar a un envejecimiento de la población que, según las Naciones Unidas, está a punto de convertirse en una de las más importantes transformaciones sociales del siglo XXI. A nivel mundial, había 727 millones de personas de 65 años o más en 2020 (un 9,3% de la población total) y se estima que aumente al 16% en 2050 . En la Unión Europea (UE), el porcentaje de población de 65 años o más se ha incrementado de un 9,6% en 1960 a un 20,3% en 2019 y se proyecta que aumente a un 31,3% para 2100. Asistimos además a un proceso de envejecimiento de la población mayor, con una proporción de personas muy mayores (aquellas de 80 años y más) en la población total de la Unión Europea del 5,8% en 2019 . España es uno de los países con una mayor proporción de personas mayores, con un porcentaje de ciudadanos de 65 años o más en 2020 del 19,6% del total de la población, y con una proyección del 26,5% para 2035. Casi un tercio de esta población (6%) tienen 80 años o más. [EN] During the last decades, healthcare has undergone important changes. Increased life expectancy has given rise to an aging population that, according to the United Nations, is about to become one of the most important social transformations of the 21st century. Globally, there were 727 million people aged 65 or over in 2020 (9.3% of the total population) and this is estimated to increase to 16% by 2050 . In the European Union (EU), the percentage of the population aged 65 or over has increased from 9.6% in 1960 to 20.3% in 2019 and is projected to increase to 31.3% by 2100. We are also witnessing a process of aging of the elderly population, with a proportion of very old people (those aged 80 and over) in the total population of the European Union of 5.8% in 2019 . Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of older people, with a percentage of citizens aged 65 or over in 2020 of 19.6% of the total population, and with a projection of 26.5% for 2035. Almost a third of this population (6%) are 80 years or older.S

How to measure transfer of training in Higher Education: the questionnaire of transfer factors

[ES] Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar los principales resultados de una investigación acerca de los factores que influyen en la transferencia de la formación docente del profesorado universitario. Basádose en un estudio previo (Feixas y Zellweger, 2010), se diseña el Cuestionario de Factores de Transferencia Docente y se analizan e interpretan los resultados tras su aplicación en contextos de desarrollo docente del profesorado universitario. Complementariamente, se realiza un análisis de las acciones formativas de dichas universidades y se llevan a cabo tres grupos de discusión con expertos en planificación y desarrollo de estas acciones formativas. La aplicación del instrumento a 18 universidades (n=1.026) y el correspondiente análisis factorial exploratorio que nos ha permitido examinar la validez de constructo del modelo (alpha de Cronbach: .91), han dado como resultado la emergencia de ocho factores que inciden en la transferencia: factores de la formación (el diseño de la formación y aprendizaje realizado), factores del entorno (apoyo del responsable docente, predisposición al cambio, recursos del entorno, feedback del estudiante, reconocimiento institucional, cultura docente del equipo de trabajo) y factores del individuo (organización personal del trabajo). El análisis de las acciones formativas nos arroja una tendencia predominantemente técnica, prescriptiva y concebida para el desarrollo puntual de habilidades.[EN] This article aims to present the main outcomes of a research about the factors influencing the transfer potential of university teachers’ training into the daily practice. Based on a previous study (Feixas and Zellweger, 2010), a Questionnaire on Factors Conditioning Learning Transfer of Teacher’s Training has been designed and applied to participants of academic development activities of Spanish universities. Additionally, an analysis of the training activities of Spanish universities and three focus groups with experts, trainers and participants have been conducted. The application of the instrument to 18 universities (n=1.026) and the corresponding exploratory factor analysis allowed us to examine the model’s construct validity (Cronbach’s alpha: .91) and have resulted in the emergence of eight factors that affect learning transfer: factors related to the training design (training design and learning achieved), environmental factors (support of the study program’s coordinator, readiness to change, environment resources, student feedback , institutional recognition, teaching culture of the teachers’ team) and individual factor (personal organization of the work). The analysis of the training designs informs us of a trend predominantly technical and prescriptive which is conceived for the punctual development of skills.Feixas, M.; Duran, MDM.; Fernández, I.; Fernández, A.; Garcia San Pedro, MJ.; Márquez, MD.; Pineda, P.... (2013). ¿Cómo medir la transferencia de la formación en Educación Superior?: el Cuestionario de Factores de Transferencia. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 11(3):219-248. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2013.5527OJS219248113Baldwin, T. T. & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41 (1), 63-105.Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T. & Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1065-1105.Burke, L. A. & Hutchins, H. M. (2008). A study of Best Practices in Training Transfer and Proponed Model of Transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 19 (2), 107-128.Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.De Rijdt, C.; Stes, A.; Van der Vleuten, C. & Dochy, F. (2013). Influencing variables and moderators of transfer of learning to the workplace within the area of staff development in higher education: research review. Educational Research Review, 8, 48-74.Dearn, J., Fraser, K. & Ryan, Y. (2002). Investigation into the provision of professional development for university teaching in Australia: A discussion paper. A DEST commissioned project funded through the HEIP program. www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/D8BDFC55-1608-4845-B172- 3C2B14E79435/935/uni_teaching.pdf.EU High Level Group (2013). Improving the quality of teaching and learning in Europe's higher education institutions. Report to the European Commission. Junio 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/education/higher-education/doc/modernisation_en.pd. Consultado el 20-7-2013.Feixas, M. & Euler, D. (2013). Academics as teachers: New approaches to teaching and learning and implications for professional development programmes. International HETL Review, Volume 2, Article 12, http://hetl.org/allcategories/academics-as-teachers-new-approaches-to-teaching-and-learning.Feixas, M. & Zellweger, F. (2010). Faculty development in context: changing learning cultures in higher education. En Ehlers, U. & Schneckenberg, D. (Eds.) Changing cultures in higher education- moving ahead to future learning. A Handbook for strategic change. Netherlands: Springer.Fernández, I.; Gisasola, J.; Garmendia, M.; Alkorta, I. & Madinabeitia, A. (2013). ¿Puede la formación tener efectos globales en la universidad? Desarrollo docente, metodologías activas y curriculum híbrido. Infancia y aprendizaje, 36 (3), 387- 400.Gibbs, G., Habeshaw, T. & Yorke, M. (2000) Institutional Learning and Teaching Strategies in English Higher Education. Higher Education. 40 (3), 351-372.GIFD - Grup Interuniversitari de Formació Docent (2011). Memoria del Proyecto: Identificación, desarrollo y evaluación de competencias docentes en la aplicación de planes de formación dirigidos a profesorado universitario (EA2010-0099). Programa estudios y análisis destinado a la mejora de la calidad de la enseñanza superior y de la actividad del profesorado universitario, Ministerio de Educación, España.Gilbert, A. & Gibbs, G. (1999). A proposal for an international collaborative research programme to identify the impact of initial training on university teachers. Research and Development in Higher Education. 21, 131-143.Guskey, T. (2002). Does it make a difference? Evaluating professional development. Educational Leadership, 59 (6), 45-51.Hicks, M., Smigiel, H., Wilson, G. & Luzeckyj, A. (2010). Preparing academics to teach in higher education: final report. Australian Learning and Teaching Council, Sydney, NSW.Hicks, O. (1999). Integration of central and departmental development - reflections from Australian universities. International Journal for Academic Development, 4,1, 43-51.Holton, E. F. III, Bates R. A. & Ruona, W. E. A. (2000). Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 11(4), 333-360.Kirkpatrick D. L. (1998). Evaluating training programs. The four levels. (2nd edition). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.Kreber, C. & Brook, P. (2001). Impact evaluation of educational development programmes. International Journal for Academic Development, 6 (2), 96-108.McAlpine, L., & Weston, C. (2000). Reflection: Issues related to improving professors' teaching and students' learning. Instructional Science, 28, 363-385.Olsen, J. H. (1998). The evaluation and enhancement of training transfer. International Journal of Training and Development, 2 (1), 61-75.Parsons, D.J., Hill, I., Holland, J. & Willis, D. (2012). Impact of teaching development programmes in higher education. The Higher Education Academy. HEA research series.Pineda, P.; Quesada, C. & Ciraso, M. (2011). Evaluating training effectiveness: results of the FET model in the public administration in Spain. The 7th International Conference on Researching Work and Learning. Shanghai, China.Stefani, L. (Ed.) (2011). Evaluating the effectiveness of academic development: Principles and practice. New York: Routledge.Stes, A., Min-Leliveld M., Gijbels, D. & Van Petegem, P. (2010). The impact of instructional development in Higher Education: The state-of-the-art of the research. Educational Research Review. 5, 25-49.Viskovic, A. (2006). Becoming a tertiary teacher: learning in communities of practice. Higher Education Research & Development, 25 (4), 323-339.Zabalza, M.A. (2011). Evaluación de los planes de formación docente de las universidades. Educar, 47, 181-197

Del color de los ojos al interior del genoma. Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la educación: una experiencia en la enseñanza de la Genética

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFALSEsubmitte

Small bowel enteroscopy - A joint clinical guideline from the spanish and portuguese small bowel study groups

The present evidence-based guidelines are focused on the use of device-assisted enteroscopy in the management of small-bowel diseases. A panel of experts selected by the Spanish and Portuguese small bowel study groups reviewed the available evidence focusing on the main indications of this technique, its role in the management algorithm of each indication and on its diagnostic and therapeutic yields. A set of recommendations were issued accordingly.Estas recomendações baseadas na evidência detalham o uso da enteroscopia assistida por dispositivo no manejo clínico das doenças do intestino delgado. Um conjunto de Gastrenterologistas diferenciados em patologia do intestino delgado foi selecionado pelos grupos de estudos Espanhol e Português de intestino delgado para rever a evidência disponível sobre as principais indicações desta técnica, o seu papel nos algoritmos de manejo de cada indicação e sobre o seu rendimento diagnóstico e terapêutico. Foi gerado um conjunto de recomendações pelos autores

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Corrected Valvular Heart Disease: Hemodynamic Insights and Long-Term Survival.

Background The determinants and consequences of pulmonary hypertension after successfully corrected valvular heart disease remain poorly understood. We aim to clarify the hemodynamic bases and risk factors for mortality in patients with this condition. Methods and Results We analyzed long-term follow-up data of 222 patients with pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease successfully corrected at least 1 year before enrollment who had undergone comprehensive hemodynamic and imaging characterization as per the SIOVAC (Sildenafil for Improving Outcomes After Valvular Correction) clinical trial. Median (interquartile range) mean pulmonary pressure was 37 mm Hg (32-44 mm Hg) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 23 mm Hg (18-26 mm Hg). Most patients were classified either as having combined precapillary and postcapillary or isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 91 deaths accounted for 4.21 higher-than-expected mortality in the age-matched population. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, older age, diabetes mellitus, World Health Organization functional class III and higher pulmonary vascular resistance-either measured by catheterization or approximated from ultrasound data. Higher pulmonary vascular resistance was related to diabetes mellitus and smaller residual aortic and mitral valve areas. In turn, the latter correlated with prosthetic nominal size. Six-month changes in the composite clinical score and in the 6-minute walk test distance were related to survival. Conclusions Persistent valvular heart disease-pulmonary hypertension is an ominous disease that is almost universally associated with elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance is a major determinant of mortality in this condition and is related to diabetes mellitus and the residual effective area of the corrected valve. These findings have important implications for individualizing valve correction procedures. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00862043.This study was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain, the European Union–European Regional Development Fund (EC07/90772 and PI19/00649), and the Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV).S

Multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV–III study to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone in adult patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: study protocol for the SAFO trial

SAFO study group and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI).[Introduction] Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia is a frequent condition, with high mortality rates. There is a growing interest in identifying new therapeutic regimens able to reduce therapeutic failure and mortality observed with the standard of care of beta-lactam monotherapy. In vitro and small-scale studies have found synergy between cloxacillin and fosfomycin against S. aureus. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves higher treatment success than cloxacillin alone in patients with MSSA bacteraemia.[Methods] We will perform a superiority, randomised, open-label, phase IV–III, two-armed parallel group (1:1) clinical trial at 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Adults (≥18 years) with isolation of MSSA from at least one blood culture ≤72 hours before inclusion with evidence of infection, will be randomly allocated to receive either cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous plus fosfomycin 3 g/6-hour intravenous or cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous alone for 7 days. After the first week, sequential treatment and total duration of antibiotic therapy will be determined according to clinical criteria by the attending physician. Primary endpoints: (1) Treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint comprising all the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA at day 7. (2) Treatment success at test of cure (TOC) visit: patient alive and no isolation of MSSA in blood culture or at another sterile site from day 8 until TOC (12 weeks after randomisation). We assume a rate of treatment success of 74% in the cloxacillin group. Accepting alpha risk of 0.05 and beta risk of 0.2 in a two-sided test, 183 subjects will be required in each of the control and experimental groups to obtain statistically significant difference of 12% (considered clinically significant).[Ethics and dissemination] Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (AC069/18) and from the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency (AEMPS, AC069/18), and is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. The results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients and funders.[Trial registration number] The protocol has been approved by AEMPS with the Trial Registration Number EudraCT 2018-001207-37. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03959345; Pre-results.The SAFO trial is supported by a competitive grant awarded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias at the Spanish government’s National Institute of Health Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), (FIS PI17/01116). This study was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2017–2021 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0005).Peer reviewe

Multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III study to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone in adult patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: Study protocol for the SAFO trial

Introduction Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia is a frequent condition, with high mortality rates. There is a growing interest in identifying new therapeutic regimens able to reduce therapeutic failure and mortality observed with the standard of care of beta-lactam monotherapy. In vitro and small-scale studies have found synergy between cloxacillin and fosfomycin against S. aureus. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves higher treatment success than cloxacillin alone in patients with MSSA bacteraemia. Methods We will perform a superiority, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III, two-armed parallel group (1:1) clinical trial at 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Adults (=18 years) with isolation of MSSA from at least one blood culture =72 hours before inclusion with evidence of infection, will be randomly allocated to receive either cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous plus fosfomycin 3 g/6-hour intravenous or cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous alone for 7 days. After the first week, sequential treatment and total duration of antibiotic therapy will be determined according to clinical criteria by the attending physician. Primary endpoints: (1) Treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint comprising all the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA at day 7. (2) Treatment success at test of cure (TOC) visit: patient alive and no isolation of MSSA in blood culture or at another sterile site from day 8 until TOC (12 weeks after randomisation). We assume a rate of treatment success of 74% in the cloxacillin group. Accepting alpha risk of 0.05 and beta risk of 0.2 in a two-sided test, 183 subjects will be required in each of the control and experimental groups to obtain statistically significant difference of 12% (considered clinically significant). Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (AC069/18) and from the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency (AEMPS, AC069/18), and is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. The results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients and funders. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ

Usefulness of bone turnover markers as predictors of mortality risk, disease progression and skeletal-related events appearance in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases following treatment with zoledronic acid: TUGAMO study

Owing to the limited validity of clinical data on the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and bone metastases, biochemical markers are a promising tool for predicting survival, disease progression and skeletal-related events (SREs) in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of biochemical markers of bone turnover for mortality risk, disease progression and SREs in patients with PCa and bone metastases undergoing treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA). Methods: This was an observational, prospective and multicenter study in which ninety-eight patients were included. Patients were treated with ZA (4mg every 4 weeks for 18 months). Data were collected at baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months after the beginning of treatment. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphtase (BALP), aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (P1NP) and beta-isomer of carboxiterminal telopeptide of collagen I (b-CTX) were analysed at all points in the study. Data on disease progression, SREs development and survival were recorded. Results: Cox regression models with clinical data and bone markers showed that the levels of the three markers studied were predictive of survival time, with b-CTX being especially powerful, in which a lack of normalisation in visit 1 (3 months after the beginning of treatment) showed a 6.3-times more risk for death than in normalised patients. Levels of these markers were also predictive for SREs, although in this case BALP and P1NP proved to be better predictors. We did not find any relationship between bone markers and disease progression. Conclusion: In patients with PCa and bone metastases treated with ZA, b-CTX and P1NP can be considered suitable predictors for mortality risk, while BALP and P1NP are appropriate for SREs. The levels of these biomarkers 3 months after the beginning of treatment are especially importantThis study was supported by Novartis Oncology Spai