The use of ARM-assembly language and a Raspberry PI 1 B+ as a server to improve computer architecture skills

Prompting students? interest and engagement in learning environments is crucial to achieve the best results. Academia and educators in general are constantly adapting materials and methodologies in order to maximise the acquisition of contents by their students. In this case-study, a new teaching/learning methodology is presented and evaluated through a final questionnaire survey. This case-study aims to understand students? efficiency and motivation levels regarding a new teaching/learning methodology adopted in the second module of a Computer Systems and Architectures course attended by first-year Computer Sciences undergraduates. The new teaching/learning methodology relies on a specific programming language - ARMv6 assembly - to improve student's efficiency levels, and an innovative always-visible in-class mobile test scenario, implemented through a low-cost computing platform - Raspberry Pi 1 B+ - as a server, mimicking as much as possible a real-life environment, so that students believe they are working on real hardware, thus enhancing their motivation levels. The results of the questionnaire survey allowed to infer that the use of a specific programming language, such as ARMv6 assembly, coupled with a new always-visible in-class mobile test scenario were in fact efficient in raising the levels of motivation among Computer Sciences students and, consequently, improved their skills in Computer Architecture.5311-8814-F0ED | Sara Maria da Cruz Maia de Oliveira PaivaN/

The Use of ARM-Assembly Language and a Raspberry Pi 1 B+ as a Server to Improve Computer Architecture Skills

UIDB/03213/2020 UIDP/03213/2020Prompting students' interest and engagement in learning environments is crucial to achieve the best results. Academia and educators in general are constantly adapting materials and methodologies in order to maximise the acquisition of contents by their students. In this case-study, a new teaching/learning methodology is presented and evaluated through a final questionnaire survey. This case-study aims to understand students' efficiency and motivation levels regarding a new teaching/learning methodology adopted in the second module of a Computer Systems and Architectures course attended by first-year Computer Sciences undergraduates. The new teaching/learning methodology relies on a specific programming language-ARMv6 assembly-to improve students' efficiency levels, and an innovative always-visible in-class mobile test scenario, implemented through a low-cost computing platform-Raspberry Pi 1 B+- A s a server, mimicking as much as possible a real-life environment, so that students believe they are working on real hardware, thus enhancing their motivation levels. The results of the questionnaire survey allowed to infer that the use of a specific programming language, such as ARMv6 assembly, coupled with a new always-visible in-class mobile test scenario were in fact efficient in raising the levels of motivation among Computer Sciences students and, consequently, improved their skills in Computer Architecture. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Computer systems organization.publishersversionpublishe

A review on recent advances in implanted medical devices security

The Implanted Medical Devices (IMD) industry has grown over the past few decades and is expected to grow in the coming ones. Being an asset for the health and quality of life of a patient, the availability of IMD-related products, their increasing complexity and advances in communication capabilities do not seem to have been seamlessly accompanied by cybersecurity concerns. Recent IMD can be integrated in the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) and thus, they are also exposed to attacks impacting on privacy and, above all, on the health and even the life of the device users. While in an early stage of the IMD development, the security procedures were based on the existing classic protocols and models and their functional capabilities were the focus of development, recent efforts have been made to address security from the start. In this paper we review the most recent contributions on the cybersecurity of IMD products and we highlight innovative ideas that represent new design and development paradigms of these devices next generations. In this review it is reinforced that the technological evolution and the progressive access of attackers to resources capable of exploiting multiple vulnerabilities can have a crucial impact in the IMD already implanted in the patient's body, designed to remain in operation for many years. Also, it brings the need to develop novel and robust protocols to guarantee security compatible with constrained computing resources and extremely low energy requirements to be feasible. Finally, the security and privacy concerns regarding this kind of devices should be addressed in the design phase and policies must move from damage mitigation to threat prevention.5311-8814-F0ED | Sara Maria da Cruz Maia de Oliveira PaivaN/

Streptococcus e gêneros relacionados como agentes etiológicos de mastite bovina

Entre os agentes etiológicos de mastite bovina, destacam-se as bactérias do gênero Streptococcus e gêneros relacionados, como os Enterococcus. Esses microrganismos podem causar tanto mastite contagiosa, como é o caso de Streptococcus agalactiae, quanto mastite ambiental, causada pelas demais espécies de Streptococcus e Enterococcus. Mudanças na taxonomia e nomenclatura deste grupo de microrganismos têm ocorrido nas últimas duas décadas, resultado da aplicação de técnicas moleculares que auxiliam no processo de diferenciação de gêneros e espécies bacterianas. Alterações também têm ocorrido no padrão de infecção intramamária nos rebanhos leiteiros em que foram controladas as mastites causadas por agentes contagiosos. Nesses rebanhos, as infecções causadas por patógenos do ambiente são atualmente o alvo dos programas de controle da mastite. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão dos principais gêneros e espécies bacterianas do grupo dos cocos gram-positivos catalasenegativos que já foram relacionadas com infecções da glândula mamária de bovinos. Esses incluem, além dos gêneros mencionados acima, os gêneros Aerococcus, Lactococcus e Gemella; e dentro do gênero Streptococcus, as espécies S. agalactiae, S. uberis, S. bovis, S. dysgalactiae, S. parauberis, S. equi, S. porcinus, S. canis, S. pluranimalium, S. parasanguinis e S. iniae

Is MR Spectroscopy Really the Best MR-Based Method for the Evaluation of Fatty Liver in Diabetic Patients in Clinical Practice?

Objective: To investigate if magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the best Magnetic Resonance (MR)-based method when compared to gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection and quantification of liver steatosis in diabetic patients in the clinical practice using liver biopsy as the reference standard, and to assess the influence of steatohepatitis and fibrosis on liver fat quantification.Methods: Institutional approval and patient consent were obtained for this prospective study. Seventy-three patients with type 2 diabetes (60 women and 13 men; mean age, 5469 years) underwent MRI and MRS at 3.0 T. the liver fat fraction was calculated from triple-and multi-echo gradient-echo sequences, and MRS data. Liver specimens were obtained in all patients. the accuracy for liver fat detection was estimated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the correlation between fat quantification by imaging and histolopathology was analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients.Results: the prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 92%. All gradient-echo MRI and MRS findings strongly correlated with biopsy findings (triple-echo, rho = 0.819; multi-echo, rho = 0.773; MRS, rho = 0.767). Areas under the ROC curves to detect mild, moderate, and severe steatosis were: triple-echo sequences, 0.961, 0.975, and 0.962; multi-echo sequences, 0.878, 0.979, and 0.961; and MRS, 0.981, 0.980, and 0.954. the thresholds for mild, moderate, and severe steatosis were: triple-echo sequences, 4.09, 9.34, and 12.34, multi-echo sequences, 7.53, 11.75, and 15.08, and MRS, 1.71, 11.69, and 14.91. Quantification was not significantly influenced by steatohepatitis or fibrosis.Conclusions: Liver fat quantification by MR methods strongly correlates with histopathology. Due to the wide availability and easier post-processing, gradient-echo sequences may represent the best imaging method for the detection and quantification of liver fat fraction in diabetic patients in the clinical practice.D'Or Institute for Research and EducationFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)DOr Inst Res & Educ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Phys Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Paris Diderot Sorbonne, Paris, FranceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Checklist of the fish fauna of the Munim River Basin, Maranhão, north-eastern Brazil

Background The Maranhão State harbours great fish diversity, but some areas are still undersampled or little known, such as the Munim River Basin in the northeast of the State. This lack of knowledge is critical when considering anthropogenic impacts on riverine systems especially in the face of major habitat destruction. These pressing threats mean that a comprehensive understanding of diversity is critical and fish checklists extremely relevant. Therefore, the present study provides a checklist of the fish species found in the Munim River Basin, Maranhão State, north-eastern Brazil, based on collected specimens. New information A total of 123 species were recorded for the Munim River Basin, with only two non-native species, Oreochromis niloticus and Colossoma macropomum, showing that the fish assemblage has relatively high ecological integrity. In addition, 29 species could not be identified at the species level, indicating the presence of species that are probably new to science in the Basin. A predominance of species belonging to the fish orders Characiformes and Siluriformes, with Characidae being recovered as the most species-rich family (21 species) agrees with the general pattern for river basins in the Neotropical Region. The total fish diversity was estimated by extensive fieldwork, including several sampling gears, carried out in different seasons (dry and rainy) and exploring different environments with both daily and nocturnal sampling, from the Basin's source to its mouth. A total of 84 sites were sampled between 2010 and 2022, resulting in 12 years of fieldwork. Fish assemblages were distinct in the Estuary and Upper river basin sections and more similar in the Lower and Middle sections indicating environmental filtering processes. Species were weakly nested across basin sections, but unique species were found in each section (per Simpsons Index). High variability of species richness in the Middle river basin section is likely due to microhabitat heterogeneity supporting specialist fish communities

Avaliação da eficácia da realidade virtual na exposição gradual no tratamento de fobias específicas: análise de revisão sistemática

A eficácia da realidade virtual na exposição gradual no tratamento de fobias específicas representa um avanço significativo na abordagem terapêutica desses transtornos. A combinação da realidade virtual com abordagens terapêuticas tradicionais oferece uma alternativa inovadora, superando limitações do tratamento convencional e proporcionando resultados promissores na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que sofrem de fobias. Trata-se de um estudo cujo objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia da realidade virtual na exposição gradual no tratamento de fobias específicas. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Medline. A partir da análise de dados, concluiu-se que a aplicação da realidade virtual na exposição gradual apresenta eficácia no tratamento de fobias específicas. A utilização dessa abordagem terapêutica demonstrou impacto positivo na redução de sintomas fóbicos, na modificação de cognições distorcidas associadas ao medo e no fortalecimento do senso de autoeficácia dos participantes. A imersão virtual proporcionou um ambiente controlado para que os indivíduos pudessem enfrentar gradualmente suas fobias, resultando em melhorias notáveis. No entanto, é importante considerar as limitações do estudo, como o tamanho da amostra, a ausência de um grupo controle e a falta de uma reavaliação a longo prazo, ressaltando a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para validar e aprimorar as abordagens terapêuticas baseadas em realidade virtual

A estratificação e o manejo adequado da dor: Stratification and proper pain management

A dor é um potencial de risco para a saúde pública, esta se caracteriza pela experiência multidimensional associada a aspectos físicos e emocionais. A dor alerta o perigo e evita danos orgânicos, mas quando está impossibilita atividades diárias e impacta a qualidade de vida do paciente é classificada como patológica e urge por interferência médica. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever através da revisão narrativa de literatura os aspectos referentes da dor e o seu manejo adequado. A dor é um amplo complexo que possui a classificação conforme a localização, tipo, intensidade, periodicidade. As categorias referentes a dor são nociceptivas, neuropática, psicogênica. Ademais, as síndromes dolorosas são diversas e podem acometer qualquer sistema do corpo. Ressaltando ser essencial a categorização do máximo possível de informações para conduzir adequadamente ao tratamento destas enfermidades.&nbsp

Patologias atuais: a compulsão e a sociedade dos excessos: Current pathologies: compulsion and the society of excesses

O artigo em tela tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos biopsicossociais da conduta compulsiva de consumo. Propõe-se a apresentar os elementos psicológicos contidos nesse comportamento, além de verificar quais são os resultados decorrentes dessa compulsão. O consumo compulsivo, também chamado de oniomania, é um transtorno causado pela ansiedade despertada pela necessidade de comprar e saciada, somente, quando é materializada a aquisição daquilo que se deseja comprar. O estudo em questão pode ser classificado como sendo de cunho bibliográfico, a partir da análise de documentos publicados em forma de artigos científicos e livros em formato digital