FORTALECIMIENTO DEL LIDERAZGO EN LOS JÓVENES DE LA EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA SECUNDARIA DE LA JORNADA DIURNA EN LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA BRAULIO GONZÁLEZ DE YOPAL

El liderazgo como proceso social, al interior de la institución educativa Braulio González, está íntimamente relacionado con el desarrollo del departamento del Casanare; consigna que se deriva de su misión, su visión y su proyecto educativo institucional. Cabe resaltar la significativa participación de la comunidad, a través de las diferentes fases de su proceso evolutivo, personas quienes de una u otra manera han trabajado con entusiasmo y fervor forjando su progreso, propendiendo por el mejoramiento en la calidad de vida de sus estudiantes y destacando las bases doctrinales que lo han identificado, como “la institución de todos y para todos”. Este proyecto de investigación, pretendió fortalecer y promover las habilidades presentes de los jóvenes estudiantes de esta institución educativa, buscando canalizar sus energías en pro de liderar los destinos personales e institucionales, apoyados en herramientas legales; y centrados en el fomento de valores, éticos y morales. Esto, Creando una estrategia de empoderamiento de objetivos propios, colectivos y locales, haciéndoles sentir importantes protagonistas en la adecuada y oportuna toma de decisiones capaces de generar cambios positivos para el mejoramiento en la calidad de vida propia y la de su comunidad; motivando por tanto su sentido de pertenencia y pertinencia hacia esta; su institución.The leadership like social process, to the inside of the educative institution Braulio González, is intimately related to the development of the department of the Casanare; slogan that is derived from its mission, its vision and its institutional educative project. It is possible to emphasize the significant participation of the community, through the different phases from his evolutionary process, people who of one or another way have worked with enthusiasm and fervor forging their progress, propending by the improvement in the quality of life of his students and emphasizing the doctrinal bases that they have identified it, like "the institution of all and for all". This project of investigation, tried to fortify and to promote the present abilities of the young students of this educative institution, looking for to canalize its energies for leading the personal and institutional destinies, supported in legal tools; and trims in the promotion of values, ethical and moral. This, Creating a strategy of empowerment of own, collective and local objectives, making them feel important protagonists in the suitable and opportune decision making able to generate positive changes for the improvement in the quality of own life and the one of its community; motivating therefore its sense of property and pertinence towards this; its institution

Sentido psicológico de comunidad y potenciación comunitaria en las personas privadas de la libertad, recluidas en la CPMS de Yopal.

Esta investigación, gira en torno a comprender desde un escenario social, aquellas características del espacio donde convergen un grupo de personas privadas de la libertad (PPL), recluidas en la Cárcel y Penitenciaria de Media Seguridad (CPMS) de Yopal; a partir de un análisis teórico, con la implementación de estrategias y metodológicas propias de la investigación acción participante, bajo la línea investigación de intersubjetividades contextos y desarrollo, centrado en problemáticas sociales, que contribuyen en la salud mental, bienestar, calidad de vida y cambio social, desde el rol de maestrantes, hacia el desarrollo de la Psicología Comunitaria en contextos sociales con baja investigación. Desde esta perspectiva, se busca abordar desde la interacción y relaciones interpersonales de las PPL, la identificación de los elementos del constructo de Sentido Psicológico de Comunidad (SPC) y Potencialización Comunitaria (PC), durante el proceso de resocialización de las PPL, realizando un abordaje basado en aportes y material teórico, analizando las causas y consecuencias de la problemática y la identificación de recursos propios de este grupo social, como herramienta de autogestión y transformación de su realidad, en procura de mejorar condiciones de vida, bienestar y salud mental; a partir del paradigma sociocrítico incluyenteThis research proposal revolves around understanding from a social scenario, those characteristics of the space where a group of people deprived of liberty (PPL) converge, confined in the Jail and Penitentiary of Medium Security (CPMS) of Yopal, from a theoretical analysis, with the implementation of strategies and methodologies typical of participatory action research; under the research line of intersubjectivities contexts and development, focused on social problems, which contribute to mental health, well-being, quality of life and social change, from the role of teachers, towards the development of Community Psychology in social contexts with low research. From this perspective, the aim is to approach, from the interaction and interpersonal relationships of the PPL, the identification of the elements of the Psychological Sense of Community (PSC) and Community empowerment (PC) construct, during the resocialization process of the PPL, carrying out an approach based on contributions and theoretical material, analyzing the causes and consequences of the problem and the identification of the resources of this social group, as a tool for self-management and transformation of their reality, in an effort to improve living conditions, well-being and health. mental; from the inclusive socio-critical paradigm

Clinical practice guideline for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis

La infección del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) es una de las principales causas de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS), con un impacto significativo en la mortalidad y morbilidad del paciente quirúrgico, así como en los costos asociados a la atención en salud. El adecuado uso de la profilaxis quirúrgica antimicrobiana es un aspecto fundamental en la reducción del riesgo de ISQ, dado que su utilización inapropiada o indiscriminada puede representar un riesgo para los pacientes y contribuir al desarrollo de resistencia a los antimicrobianos, por lo que resulta de importancia generar directrices que permitan orientar el uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en la profilaxis del paciente quirúrgico, con el objetivo de obtener mejores desenlaces clínicos y propender por un uso racional de antibióticos. La presente guía contiene recomendaciones para profilaxis antibiótica de pacientes sometidos a procedimiento quirúrgico, basadas en la evidencia, realizadas mediante el proceso de adaptación de guías de práctica clínica para el contexto colombiano.Q4Pacientes sometidos a Profilaxis quirúrgica antimicrobianaSurgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main causes of healthcare associated infections (HAI), with a significant impact on the mortality and morbidity of the surgi-cal patient, as well as on the costs associated with health care. The adequate use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis being a fundamental aspect in reducing the risk of SSI, taking into account that the inappropriate or indiscriminate use of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis may represent a risk for patients and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance, so it is important to generate guidelines that guide the appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis in the surgical patient, with the aim of obtaining better clinical outcomes and promoting a rational use of antibiotics. This guide contains recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing a surgical procedure, based on evidence, carried out through the process of adapting clinical practice guidelines for the Colombian context.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-7083https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-4667Revista Nacional - IndexadaCN

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Memorias VIII Coloquio Perspectivas Metodológicas y Pedagógicas de la Investigación en Lengua Materna

La investigación como campo de actuación profesional requiere que las dimensiones del ser y del hacer del profesor se expliciten mediante actitudes y aptitudes desde las cuales se incida en procesos de innovación y transformación educativa y cultural, coherentes con el contexto histórico-social del momento. "Perspectivas de la Investigación en Pedagogía de la Lengua Materna y la Literatura" presenta el trabajo de discusión académica desarrollado en el VIII Coloquio en Pedagogía de la Lengua Materna, a propósito de los estatutos metódicos, teóricos y pedagógicos involucrados en el devenir de las investigaciones sobre la enseñanza -aprendizaje de la lengua materna y de la literatura, como también sobre el proceso de formación del docente - investigador en este campo.Research as a field of professional action requires that the dimensions of the being and of the teacher be made explicit through attitudes and skills from which the processes of innovation and educational and cultural transformation are based, coherent with the historical-social context of the moment. "Perspectives of Research in Pedagogy of the Mother Tongue and Literature" presents the academic discussion work developed in the VIII Colloquium in Pedagogy of the Mother Tongue, with regard to the methodical, theoretical and pedagogical statutes involved in the evolution of research on teaching - learning the mother tongue and literature, as well as the process of teacher training - researcher in this field.Bogotá-Colombi

Tecnología e innovación en educación superior: escenarios pospandemia

: ilustraciones, tablas, gráficos ; 28 cm.En este libro, titulado Tecnología e innovación en educación superior: escenarios pospandemia, se continúa el diálogo con expertos, específicamente en los temas de mayor debate que surgieron a partir del primer confinamiento provocado por el COVID-19, frente al aporte de la tecnología en los proceso de la calidad educativa. Se han identificado los investigadores que trabajan las temáticas de la obra y se les ha invitado a escribir para este libro, por lo que se convierte en aporte de indudable valor para el sector universitario, y se espera que continúe contribuyendo a los debates sobre la educación superior

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN