Gesundheitliche Folgen von Gewalt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von häuslicher Gewalt gegen Frauen

Hornberg C, Schröttle M, Bohne S, Khelaifat N, Pauli A. Gesundheitliche Folgen von Gewalt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von häuslicher Gewalt gegen Frauen. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes. Vol 42. Berlin: Robert-Koch-Institut; 2008.Die hohe Betroffenheit von Frauen und Kindern, aber auch von Männern durch Gewalt im privaten und öffentlichen Raum ist mit erheblichen gesundheitlichen Folgen verbunden, die in der ärztlichen Diagnostik und gesundheitlichen Prävention zunehmend Beachtung finden sollten. Das Erkennen von Gewalt als Ursache physischer und psychischer Beeinträchtigungen kann zum Abbau von Über-, Unter- oder/und Fehlversorgung der Betroffenen beitragen. Institutionen des Gesundheitswesens haben daher als häufig erste und einzige Anlaufstelle beim Vorliegen von akuten Verletzungen und gesundheitlichen Folgen von Gewalt eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Intervention und Prävention weiterer Gewalt. In dem vorliegenden Themenheft werden - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von häuslicher Gewalt gegen Frauen - Ergebnisse der nationalen und internationalen Forschung zu gesundheitlichen Folgen von Gewalt präsentiert und Handlungsanleitungen sowie Best-Practice-Ansätze für den Umgang mit Gewaltbetroffenen vorgestellt

From Suppliers to Complementors: Motivational Factors for Joining Industrial Internet of Things Platform Ecosystems

Spurred by the internet of things, industry firms are increasingly establishing platforms that animate an ecosystem of external actors to provide complementary offerings. But why do independent firms decide to join these ecosystems and to become complementors? The goal of this study is to disentangle their motivational factors in the context of the industrial internet of things. A theoretical framework is developed a priori based on the knowledge-based view of the firm and complementary logics. The framework is empirically explored using a case study design. Our results indicate that financial, technology, and knowledge gains positively influence the decision of complementors to join the ecosystem. Yet, our interviews reveal relative differences in motivations based on complementors’ uncertainty. Our findings contribute to the research on joining nascent digital platform ecosystems from a complementor perspective and the growing stream of research on industrial internet of things platforms

The impact of task relevance and degree of distraction on stimulus processing

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Gesundheitsförderung - ein Konzept und seine Entwicklung in Deutschland

Das heutige Leitbild der Gesundheitsförderung ist historisch betrachtet maßgeblich durch die unterschiedlichen medizinischen Glaubens- und Denkrichtungen der vergangenen Epochen geprägt worden. Mit dem Wandel der gesundheitlichen Problemfelder hat sich auch das Verständnis von Gesundheitsförderung kontinuierlich verändert und weiterentwickelt. Neue Erkenntnisse über krankheitsvermeidende und gesundheitsfördernde Lebensweisen, die Entdeckung neuer Mortalitäts- und Morbiditätsrisiken in Verbindung mit den sozialen Lebensverhältnissen als wichtige Gesundheitsdeterminanten spiegeln sich dementsprechend in aktuellen Leitbildern von Gesundheitsförderung wider. Für das auf Public Health bezogene Konzept der Gesundheitsförderung im Rahmen städtebaulicher Maßnahmen hat der auf dem salutogenetischen Modell basierende Setting-Ansatz besondere Bedeutung. Dieser Ansatz intendiert, dass mittels gezielter Stadtplanung und Stadtentwicklung Lebens(um)welten geschaffen und verstetigt werden können, die nachhaltig einen positiven Beitrag zum Erhalt von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in den unterschiedlichen Bevölkerungsgruppen leisten.Historically, today’s model of health promotion has been shaped by different medical beliefs and lines of thoughts. As health problems have changed, so our understanding of them has changed and continuously developed. Accordingly, our current models of health promotion include new insights into disease-preventing and health-promoting lifestyles, but also the discovery of new morbidity and mortality risks in connection with social living conditions as important determinants of health. The salutogenic model is of particular relevance for the public health related concept of health promotion in the context of urban health, creating and stabilising living environments through urban planning and development with the aim of making a long-term positive contribution to sustaining health and well-being for the various population groups

Changes in plant diversity in a water‑limited and isolated high‑mountain range (Sierra Nevada, Spain)

Open Access funding provided by University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU). This study was funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (project MEDIALPS-Disentangling anthropogenic drivers of climate change impacts on alpine plant species: Alps vs. Mediterranean mountains).Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https ://doi.org/10.1007/s0003 5-021-00246 -x.We thank Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter for managing the database, Imran Nadeem for discussing climate data preparation, and National Park and Andalusian Environmental Agency staff for their assistance in the field in 2015 and 2019, and answering our questions.Climate change impacts are of a particular concern in small mountain ranges, where cold-adapted plant species have their optimum zone in the upper bioclimatic belts. This is commonly the case in Mediterranean mountains, which often harbour high numbers of endemic species, enhancing the risk of biodiversity losses. This study deals with shifts in vascular plant diversity in the upper zones of the Sierra Nevada, Spain, in relation with climatic parameters during the past two decades. We used vegetation data from permanent plots of three surveys of two GLORIA study regions, spanning a period of 18 years (2001–2019); ERA5 temperature and precipitation data; and snow cover durations, derived from on-site soil temperature data. Relationships between diversity patterns and climate factors were analysed using GLMMs. Species richness showed a decline between 2001 and 2008, and increased thereafter. Species cover increased slightly but significantly, although not for endemic species. While endemics underwent cover losses proportional to non-endemics, more widespread shrub species increased. Precipitation tended to increase during the last decade, after a downward trend since 1960. Precipitation was positively related to species richness, colonisation events, and cover, and negatively to disappearance events. Longer snow cover duration and rising temperatures were also related to increasing species numbers, but not to cover changes. The rapid biotic responses of Mediterranean alpine plants indicate a tight synchronisation with climate fluctuations, especially with water availability. Thus, it rather confirms concerns about biodiversity losses, if projections of increasing temperature in combination with decreasing precipitation hold true.University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) - Austrian Academy of Science

An investigation into the association of the physical fitness of equestrians and their riding performance : a cross-sectional study

Poor riding performance may be due to medical issues with the horse or a variety of other factors, such as inadequate equipment or deficiencies in training. The physical fitness of the equestrian is one of the most unexplained factors of current research. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the physical fitness of the equestrian and riding performance. 115 equestrians were assessed for physical fitness and riding performance. Seven components of physical fitness (balance, endurance, flexibility, reaction, speed, strength, symmetry) were measured by a physiotherapist using equestrian-specific tests. Based on a video-recorded riding test, individual riding performance was rated by two equestrian judges. The riding test included the horse and rider performing a walk, sitting trot, rising trot and canter in both directions. A linear model for riding performance, including the domains of physical fitness and potential confounders (body-mass-index, riding experience, hours of riding per week, and test-motivation), was fitted to the data. Inter-rater reliability of the judges was investigated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Endurance, reaction and strength were positively associated with riding performance, whereas flexibility had a negative association. The final model could explain 16.7% of the variance in riding performance. The effects of endurance and strength were significant (P<0.05), but not that of reaction. No association with riding performance was found for the components of balance, speed and symmetry. The inter-rater reliability of judges was confirmed to be ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ (ICC=0.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.93). Findings suggest that physical fitness is positively associated with riding performance. Fitness-training for equestrians should be included in current training concepts. Future research should investigate whether similar associations exist for junior and elite athletes

Global health burden of ambient PM2.5 and the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon and organic aerosols

Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a major global health risk, commonly assessed by assuming equivalent toxicity for different PM2.5 constituents. We used a data-informed global atmospheric model and recent exposure-response functions to calculate the health burden of ambient PM2.5 from ten source categories. We estimate 4.23 (95% confidence interval 3.0-6.14) million excess deaths annually from the exposure to ambient PM2.5. We distinguished contributions and major sources of black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosols (POA) and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (aSOA). These components make up to similar to 20% of the total PM2.5 in South and East Asia and East Africa. We find that domestic energy use by the burning of solid biofuels is the largest contributor to ambient BC, POA and aSOA globally. Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that these compounds may be relatively more hazardous than other PM2.5 compounds such as soluble salts, related to their high potential to inflict oxidative stress. We performed sensitivity analyses by considering these species to be more harmful compared to other compounds in PM2.5, as suggested by their oxidative potential using a range of potential relative risks. These analyses show that domestic energy use emerges as the leading cause of excess mortality attributable to ambient PM2.5, notably in Asia and Africa. We acknowledge the uncertainties inherent in our assumed enhanced toxicity of the anthropogenic organic and BC aerosol components, which suggest the need to better understand the mechanisms and magnitude of the associated health risks and the consequences for regulatory policies. However our assessment of the importance of emissions from domestic energy use as a cause of premature mortality is robust to a range of assumptions about the magnitude of the excess risk.Peer reviewe

Neither hereditary periodic fever nor periodic fever, aphthae, pharingitis, adenitis: Undifferentiated periodic fever in a tertiary pediatric center

AIM: To describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with undifferentiated periodic fever (UPF) and to investigate whether a clinical classification of UPF based on the PRINTO-Eurofever score can help predicting the response to treatment and the outcome at follow-up. METHODS: Clinical and therapeutic information of patients with recurrent fever who presented at a single pediatric rheumatology center from January 2006 through April 2016 were retrospectively collected. Patients with a clinical suspicion of hereditary periodic fever (HPF) syndrome and patients with clinical picture of periodic fever, aphthae, pharingitis, adenitis (PFAPA) who were refractory to tonsillectomy underwent molecular analysis of five HPF-related genes: MEFV (NM_000243.2), MVK (NM_000431.3), TNFRSF1A (NM_001065.3), NLRP3 (NM_001079821.2), NLRP12 (NM_001277126.1). All patients who had a negative genetic result were defined as UPF and further investigated. PRINTO-Eurofever score for clinical diagnosis of HPF was calculated in all cases. RESULTS: Of the 221 patients evaluated for periodic fever, twelve subjects with a clinical picture of PFAPA who were refractory to tonsillectomy and 22 subjects with a clinical suspicion of HPF underwent genetic analysis. Twenty-three patients (10.4%) resulted negative and were classified as UPF. The median age at presentation of patients with UPF was 9.5 mo (IQR 4-24). Patients with UPF had a higher frequency of aphthae (52.2% vs 0%, P = 0.0026) and musculoskeletal pain (65.2% vs 18.2%, P = 0.0255) than patients with genetic confirmed HPF. Also, patients with UPF had a higher frequency of aphthous stomatitis (52.2% vs 10.7%, P < 0.0001), musculoskeletal pain (65.2% vs 8,0%, P < 0.0001), and abdominal pain (52.2% vs 4.8%, P < 0.0001) and a lower frequency of pharyngitis (56.6% vs 81.3%, P = 0.0127) compared with typical PFAPA in the same cohort. Twenty-one of 23 patients with UPF (91.3%) received steroids, being effective in 16; 13 (56.2%) were given colchicine, which was effective in 6. Symptoms resolution occurred in 2 patients with UPF at last follow-up. Classification according to the PRINTO-Eurofever score did not correlate with treatment response and prognosis. CONCLUSION: UPF is not a rare diagnosis among patients with periodic fever. Clinical presentation place UPF half way on a clinical spectrum between PFAPA and HPF. The PRINTO-Eurofever score is not useful to predict clinical outcome and treatment response in these patients