Optimization of Cutting Conditions in End Milling Process with the Approach of Particle Swarm Optimization

Milling is one of the progressive enhancements of miniaturized technologies which has wide range of application in industries and other related areas. Milling like any metal cutting operation is used with an objective of optimizing surface roughness at micro level and economic performance at macro level. In addition to surface finish, modern manufacturers do not want any compromise on the achievement of high quality, dimensional accuracy, high production rate, minimum wear on the cutting tools, cost saving and increase of the performance of the product with minimum environmental hazards. In order to optimize the surface finish, the empirical relationships between input and output variables should be established in order to predict the output. Optimization of these predictive models helps us to select appropriate input variables for achieving the best output performance. In this paper, four input variables are selected and surface roughness is taken as output variable. Particle swarm optimization technique is used for finding the optimum set of values of input variables and the results are compared with those obtained by GA optimization in the literature

Independent validation of the PAM50-based chemo-endocrine score (CES) in hormone receptor-positive HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant anti-HER2-based therapy

Purpose: We do not yet have validated biomarkers to predict response and outcome within hormone receptor-positive/HER2-positive (HR+/HER2+) breast cancer. The PAM50-based chemoendocrine score (CES) predicts chemo-endocrine sensitivity in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. Here, we evaluate the relationship of CES with response and survival in HRþ/HER2þ breast cancer. Experimental Design: Intrinsic subtype and clinicopathologic data were obtained from seven studies in which patients were treated with HER2-targeted therapy either with endocrine therapy (ET) or with chemotherapy (CTX). CES was evaluated as a continuous variable and categorically from low to high scores [CES-C (chemo-sensitive), CES-U (uncertain), and CES-E (endocrine-sensitive)]. We first analyzed each dataset individually, and then all combined. Multivariable analyses were used to test CES association with pathologic complete response (pCR) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 457 patients were included (112 with ET and 345 with CTX). In the combined cohort, CES-C, CES-U, and CES-E were identified in 60%, 23%, and 17% of the patients, respectively. High CES (i.e., CES-E) was associated with a lower probability of achieving pCR independently of clinical characteristics, therapy, intrinsic subtype, and study (adjusted OR ¼ 0.42; P ¼ 0.016). A total of 295 patients were analyzed for DFS with a median follow-up of 66 months. High CES was also associated with better DFS (adjusted HR, 0.174; P ¼ 0.003) independently of pCR, clinical characteristics and intrinsic subtype. In patients with residual disease, the adjusted DFS HR of CES was 0.160 (P ¼ 0.012). Conclusions: In HER2þ/HRþ breast cancer, CES is useful for predicting chemo-endocrine sensitivity and provides additional prognostication beyond intrinsic subtype and clinicopathologic characteristics

Genetic Interactions with Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Hypertension in Relation to Atrial Fibrillation: The AFGen Consortium

It is unclear whether genetic markers interact with risk factors to influence atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. We performed genome-wide interaction analyses between genetic variants and age, sex, hypertension, and body mass index in the AFGen Consortium. Study-specific results were combined using meta-analysis (88,383 individuals of European descent, including 7,292 with AF). Variants with nominal interaction associations in the discovery analysis were tested for association in four independent studies (131,441 individuals, including 5,722 with AF). In the discovery analysis, the AF risk associated with the minor rs6817105 allele (at the PITX2 locus) was greater among subjects ≤ 65 years of age than among those > 65 years (interaction p-value = 4.0 × 10-5). The interaction p-value exceeded genome-wide significance in combined discovery and replication analyses (interaction p-value = 1.7 × 10-8). We observed one genome-wide significant interaction with body mass index and several suggestive interactions with age, sex, and body mass index in the discovery analysis. However, none was replicated in the independent sample. Our findings suggest that the pathogenesis of AF may differ according to age in individuals of European descent, but we did not observe evidence of statistically significant genetic interactions with sex, body mass index, or hypertension on AF risk

Serum magnesium and calcium levels in relation to ischemic stroke : Mendelian randomization study

ObjectiveTo determine whether serum magnesium and calcium concentrations are causally associated with ischemic stroke or any of its subtypes using the mendelian randomization approach.MethodsAnalyses were conducted using summary statistics data for 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with serum magnesium (n = 6) or serum calcium (n = 7) concentrations. The corresponding data for ischemic stroke were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium (34,217 cases and 404,630 noncases).ResultsIn standard mendelian randomization analysis, the odds ratios for each 0.1 mmol/L (about 1 SD) increase in genetically predicted serum magnesium concentrations were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.89; p = 1.3 7 10-4) for all ischemic stroke, 0.63 (95% CI 0.50-0.80; p = 1.6 7 10-4) for cardioembolic stroke, and 0.60 (95% CI 0.44-0.82; p = 0.001) for large artery stroke; there was no association with small vessel stroke (odds ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.67-1.20; p = 0.46). Only the association with cardioembolic stroke was robust in sensitivity analyses. There was no association of genetically predicted serum calcium concentrations with all ischemic stroke (per 0.5 mg/dL [about 1 SD] increase in serum calcium: odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.88-1.21) or with any subtype.ConclusionsThis study found that genetically higher serum magnesium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of cardioembolic stroke but found no significant association of genetically higher serum calcium concentrations with any ischemic stroke subtype

Novel Loci for Adiponectin Levels and Their Influence on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Traits : A Multi-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of 45,891 Individuals

J. Kaprio, S. Ripatti ja M.-L. Lokki työryhmien jäseniä.Peer reviewe