Boustrophedonic Frames: Quasi-Optimal L2 Caching for Textures in GPUs

© 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). This document is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in 32nd International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), Viena, Austria, October 2023. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1109/PACT58117.2023.00019Literature is plentiful in works exploiting cache locality for GPUs. A majority of them explore replacement or bypassing policies. In this paper, however, we surpass this exploration by fabricating a formal proof for a no-overhead quasi-optimal caching technique for caching textures in graphics workloads. Textures make up a significant part of main memory traffic in mobile GPUs, which contributes to the total GPU energy consumption. Since texture accesses use a shared L2 cache, improving the L2 texture caching efficiency would decrease main memory traffic, thus improving energy efficiency, which is crucial for mobile GPUs. Our proposal reaches quasi-optimality by exploiting the frame-to-frame reuse of textures in graphics. We do this by traversing frames in a boustrophedonic1 manner w.r.t. the frame-to-frame tile order. We first approximate the texture access trace to a circular trace and then forge a formal proof for our proposal being optimal for such traces. We also complement the proof with empirical data that demonstrates the quasi-optimality of our no-cost proposal

The Upper Oligocene of Montgat (Catalan Coastal Ranges, Spain): New age constrains to the western Mediterranean Basin opening

The Oligocene deposits of Montgat are integrated in a small outcrop made up of Cenozoic and Mesozoic rocks located in the Garraf-Montnegre horst, close to the major Barcelona fault. The Oligocene of Montgat consists of detrital sediments of continental origin mainly deposited in alluvial fan environments; these deposits are folded and affected by thrusts and strike-slip faults. They can be divided in two lithostratigraphic units separated by a minor southwest-directed thrust: (i) the Turó de Montgat Unit composed of litharenites and lithorudites with high contents of quartz, feldspar, plutonic and limestone rock fragments; and (ii) the Pla de la Concòrdia Unit composed of calcilitharenites and calcilithorudites with high contents of dolosparite and dolomicrite rock fragments. The petrological composition of both units indicates that sediments were derived from the erosion of Triassic (Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk and Keuper facies), Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks (Barremian to Aptian in age). Stratigraphic and petrological data suggest that these units correspond to two coalescent alluvial fans with a source area located northwestwards in the adjoining Collserola and Montnegre inner areas. Micromammal fossils (Archaeomys sp.) found in a mudstone layer of the Pla de la Concòrdia Unit assign a Chattian age (Late Oligocene) to the studied materials. Thus, the Montgat deposits are the youngest dated deposits affected by the contractional deformation that led to the development of the Catalan Intraplate Chain. Taking into account that the oldest syn-rift deposits in the Catalan Coastal Ranges are Aquitanian in age, this allows to precise that the change from a compressive to an extensional regime in this area took place during latest Oligocene-earliest Aquitanian times. This age indicates that the onset of crustal extension related to the opening of the western Mediterranean Basin started in southern France during latest Eocene-early Oligocene and propagated southwestward, affecting the Catalan Coastal Ranges and the northeastern part of the Valencia trough during the latest Chattian-earliest Aquitanian times

Stratigraphy and petrology of the Miocene Montjuïc delta (Barcelona, Spain)

The Neogene rift in the Catalan Coastal Ranges, which is located in the NE part of the Eastern Iberian Margin, corresponds to a system of grabens formed at the north-western edge of the Valencia Trough. In the central part of the Catalan Coastal Ranges are the Vallès - Penedès half-graben in the onshore and the Barcelona half-graben in the offshore, which are separated by the Garraf and the Collserola-Montnegre horsts. Montjuïc hill is a tilted block, which is located to the S of the Barcelona city, between the Collserola-Montnegre horst and the Barcelona half-graben . The Middle Miocene section of Montjuïc is constituted by an alternation of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and marlstone beds. The Montjuïc section was divided into four lithostratigraphic units from base to top: (1) The Morrot conglomerate and sandstone Unit, interpreted as delta plain deposits; (2) the Castell conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone Unit considered as proximal delta front deposits; (3) the Miramar marlstone Unit attributed to prodelta deposits; and (4) the Mirador conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone Unit interpreted as delta front deposits. As regards the foraminifera association, the Miocene of Montjuïc may be attributed to the N9-N10 zones of Blow, indicating a Serravallian age. The palaeobotanical record suggests that the climate during the deposition of the Miocene of Montjuïc was temperate-warm and humid. The sandstones and conglomerates are litharenites and lithorudites; they show variable amounts of matrix and are well cemented. The main framework components are quartz, rock fragments and K-feldspar. The Collserola mountain, where Palaeozoic materials crop out is the deduced source area. Montjuïc sandstones are characterized by an early silicic cementation consisting of K-feldspar overgrowths, quartz overgrowths, mesoquartz intergranular cement and a microquartz transformation of a former detrital matrix. A surface cementation is considered for these cements in the absence of compaction and the geological setting

Estratigrafía y petrología del subsuelo recuaternario del sector sw de la depresión de Barcelona (cadenas costeras catalanas, ne de Iberia)

[email protected] numerosas obras de Ingeniería Civil que se han realizado en los últimos años en la depresión de Barcelona (ampliación del aeropuerto, ampliación del metro y AVE fundamentalmente) han permitido recabar mucha información sobre el subsuelo de esta área. En este trabajo se caracterizan las distintas unidades de subsuelo precuaternarias que aparecen en los numerosos sondeos realizados recientemente en la zona SW de la depresión de Barcelona. Se ha identificado un sustrato triásico formado por areniscas del Buntsandstein y dos unidades de edad Miocena, una basal de carácter continental y otra superior depositada en un ambiente marino. Todas estas unidades fueron fracturadas debido a una tectónica extensiva y, posteriormente, fueron fosilizadas en primer lugar por los sedimentos del Plioceno, que recubren la superficie de erosión messiniense, y finalmente, por el Cuaternario. El análisis de las distintas unidades permite obtener datos sobre la evolución paleogeográfica y tectónica de la depresión de Barcelona durante el Mioceno y el Plioceno.Current building of civil Engineering infrastructures in the Barcelona plain and Llobregat delta (mainly metro and airport extension and high speed train) is providing new geological subsurface data to build better geologic models and understand the basin evolution. This work focuses on the pre-Quaternary units observed in cores. Based on petrographic analyses combined when it was possible with paleontological studies, we identified the lower Triassic Buntsandstein sandstone facies and Miocene continental and marine facies which appear compartmentalized due to extensive deformation. After this extensive episode, Pliocene and Quaternary sediments, which were deposited after the development of successive erosive surfaces, overlay the Triassic and Miocene units. The identification of these units enabled one to improve the interpretation of the tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of the Barcelona plain

Estratigrafía y petrología del subsuelo precuaternario del sector SW de la depresión de Barcelona (Cadenas Costeras Catalanas, NE de Iberia)

Las numerosas obras de Ingeniería Civil que se han realizado en los últimos años en la depresión de Barcelona (ampliación del aeropuerto, ampliación del metro y AVE fundamentalmente) han permitido recabar mucha información sobre el subsuelo de esta área. En este trabajo se caracterizan las distintas unidades de subsuelo precuaternarias que aparecen en los numerosos sondeos realizados recientemente en la zona SW de la depresión de Barcelona. Se ha identificado un sustrato triásico formado por areniscas del Buntsandstein y dos unidades de edad Miocena, una basal de carácter continental y otra superior depositada en un ambiente marino. Todas estas unidades fueron fracturadas debido a una tectónica extensiva y, posteriormente, fueron fosilizadas en primer lugar por los sedimentos del Plioceno, que recubren la superficie de erosión messiniense, y finalmente, por el Cuaternario. El análisis de las distintas unidades permite obtener datos sobre la evolución paleogeográfica y tectónica de la depresión de Barcelona durante el Mioceno y el Plioceno.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Textural and mineral-chemistry constraints on columbite group minerals in the Penouta deposit: evidence from magmatic and fluid-related processes.

The Penouta Sn-Ta deposit, in the northwest of Spain, is a greisenized granitic cupola where Ta minerals occur mainly as disseminations in a leucogranite body intruded in Precambrian-Lower Cambrian gneises and mica-schists. This leucogranite is a medium- to fine-grained inequigranular rock consisting mainly of quartz, albite, K-feldspar and muscovite. Accessory minerals are mainly of spessartine, zircon, cassiterite, Nb-Ta oxides, monazite, xenotime, native bismuth and pyrite. The alteration processes were mainly albitization, muscovitization and kaolinitization. This leucogranite is peraluminous and P-poor, with 0.03-0.07 wt.% P2O5, 900-1500 ppm Rb, 30-65 ppm Cs, 120-533 ppm Li, 80-140 ppm Ta, 51-81 ppm Nb and up to 569 ppm of Sn. Mineralogical characterization of Nb-Ta oxide minerals was determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and mineral liberation analysis. Mn-rich members of the columbite-group minerals (CGM) are the most common Ta-bearing phases, but microlite, wodginite, tapiolite and Ta-rich cassiterite occur also. CGM crystals are commonly zoned concentrically, with a Nb-rich core surrounded by a Ta-rich rim, with a sharp boundary between them. Convoluted zoning occurs also. Dissolution textures resulting from the corrosion of columbite and tantalite rims, in particular, are common. TheMn/(Mn + Fe) ratio varies between 0.33 and 0.97 and the Ta/(Ta + Nb) ratio between 0.07 and 0.93. Wodginite and microlite formed as late replacements of CGM and occur associated with tantalite and cassiterite. Subhedral to anhedral cassiterite crystals, usually up to 200 μmacross, occur in two generations: the earlier one is Nb,Ta-poor whereas in the later generation, the Ta content can reach >9 wt.%of Ta2O5 and 1.7 wt.%of Nb. The presence of a fluid phase in the apical zone of the granite, probably related to the separation of a fluid/vapour of the melt, could explain the sponge-like textures, the Ta enrichment associated with these textures, the occurrence of Taenriched mineral phases (microlite and wodginite) and their common interstitial character

ESPAI GEA: A new platform for promoting Geology in Catalonia

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - GasteizESPAI GEA es una comunidad abierta que nace con el objetivo de promover las Ciencias de la Tierra y divulgar la importancia del conocimiento geológico entre la ciudadanía. La voluntad de ESPAI GEA es la de conectar a todas las instituciones, asociaciones, entidades, museos, centros de interpretación, etc., que realizan actividades relacionadas con las Ciencias de la Tierra y la Geología en el territorio catalán. La primera acción que se está llevando a cabo desde ESPAI GEA es la de crear una agenda con el objetivo de centralizar las actividades de divulgación en una única plataforma que sirva al mismo tiempo de escaparate y altavoz. Con estas premisas se está implementando la agenda en un visor web, en el que se mostrarán principalmente dos tipos de información: i) por una parte, actividades y eventos de carácter temporal, y ii) por otra parte, la geolocalización de información geológica disponible permanentemente (paneles informativos, itinerarios geológicos, área geográfica de las guías publicadas, centros de interpretación, museos, centros de investigación, u otras instalaciones singulares relacionadas) así como otra información de interés complementaria. ESPAI GEA también quiere incidir de una manera muy especial en la comunidad educativa, realizando actividades formativas, proporcionando recursos didácticos y favoreciendo la actualización científica del profesorado.ESPAI GEA is an open community that is born with the aim of promoting Earth Sciences and to disseminate the importance of geological knowledge among citizens. The goal of ESPAI GEA is to connect all the institutions, associations, entities, museums, interpretation centres, etc., that carry out activities related to Earth Sciences and Geology in the Catalan territory. The first action undertaken within ESPAI GEA is to create an agenda to assemble all the dissemination activities in a common platform that works both as a showcase and as amplifier of the activities. Under these premises, the agenda is being implemented into a web viewer, this will display two main types of data; i) on the one hand, temporary activities and events, and ii) on the other hand, the location of existing permanent geological data (information boards, geological itineraries, geographical areas of published guides, interpretation centres, museums, research centres, etc.) along with other information. ESPAI GEA wants to pay special attention to the educational community, carrying out training activities, providing instructional resources and promoting continuing education in Geology for teacher community.Peer reviewe

First -decay spectroscopy of and new -decay branches of

19 pags., 14 figs., 3 tabs.The  decay of the neutron-rich and was investigated experimentally in order to provide new insights into the nuclear structure of the tin isotopes with magic proton number above the shell. The -delayed -ray spectroscopy measurement was performed at the ISOLDE facility at CERN, where indium isotopes were selectively laser-ionized and on-line mass separated. Three -decay branches of were established, two of which were observed for the first time. Population of neutron-unbound states decaying via rays was identified in the two daughter nuclei of and , at excitation energies exceeding the neutron separation energy by 1 MeV. The -delayed one- and two-neutron emission branching ratios of were determined and compared with theoretical calculations. The -delayed one-neutron decay was observed to be dominant -decay branch of even though the Gamow-Teller resonance is located substantially above the two-neutron separation energy of . Transitions following the  decay of are reported for the first time, including rays tentatively attributed to . In total, six new levels were identified in on the basis of the coincidences observed in the and decays. A transition that might be a candidate for deexciting the missing neutron single-particle state in was observed in both  decays and its assignment is discussed. Experimental level schemes of and are compared with shell-model predictions. Using the fast timing technique, half-lives of the , and levels in were determined. From the lifetime of the state measured for the first time, an unexpectedly large transition strength was deduced, which is not reproduced by the shell-model calculations.M.P.-S. acknowledges the funding support from the Polish National Science Center under Grants No. 2019/33/N/ST2/03023 and No. 2020/36/T/ST2/00547 (Doctoral scholarship ETIUDA). J.B. acknowledges support from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid under the Predoctoral Grant No. CT27/16- CT28/16. This work was partially funded by the Polish National Science Center under Grants No. 2020/39/B/ST2/02346, No. 2015/18/E/ST2/00217, and No. 2015/18/M/ST2/00523, by the Spanish government via Projects No. FPA2017-87568-P, No. RTI2018-098868-B-I00, No. PID2019-104390GB-I00, and No. PID2019-104714GB-C21, by the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the German BMBF under Contract No. 05P18PKCIA, by the Portuguese FCT under the Projects No. CERN/FIS-PAR/0005/2017, and No. CERN/FIS-TEC/0003/2019, and by the Romanian IFA Grant CERN/ISOLDE. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 654002. M.Str. acknowledges the funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 771036 (ERC CoG MAIDEN). J.P. acknowledges support from the Academy of Finland (Finland) with Grant No. 307685. Work at the University of York was supported under STFC Grants No. ST/L005727/1 and No. ST/P003885/1

First beta-decay spectroscopy of In-135 and new beta-decay branches of In-134

The beta decay of the neutron-rich In-134 and In-135 was investigated experimentally in order to provide new insights into the nuclear structure of the tin isotopes with magic proton number Z = 50 above the N = 82 shell. The beta-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy measurement was performed at the ISOLDE facility at CERN, where indium isotopes were selectively laser-ionized and on-line mass separated. Three beta-decay branches of In-134 were established, two of which were observed for the first time. Population of neutron-unbound states decaying via. rays was identified in the two daughter nuclei of In-134, Sn-134 and Sn-133, at excitation energies exceeding the neutron separation energy by 1 MeV. The beta-delayed one- and two-neutron emission branching ratios of In-134 were determined and compared with theoretical calculations. The beta-delayed one-neutron decay was observed to be dominant beta-decay branch of In-134 even though the Gamow-Teller resonance is located substantially above the two-neutron separation energy of Sn-134. Transitions following the beta decay of In-135 are reported for the first time, including. rays tentatively attributed to Sn-135. In total, six new levels were identified in Sn-134 on the basis of the beta.. coincidences observed in the In-134 and In-135 beta decays. A transition that might be a candidate for deexciting the missing neutron single-particle 13/2(+) state in Sn-133 was observed in both beta decays and its assignment is discussed. Experimental level schemes of Sn-134 and Sn-135 are compared with shell-model predictions. Using the fast timing technique, half-lives of the 2(+), 4(+), and 6(+) levels in Sn-134 were determined. From the lifetime of the 4(+) state measured for the first time, an unexpectedly large B(E2; 4(+)-> 2(+)) transition strength was deduced, which is not reproduced by the shell-model calculations.Peer reviewe