Kehonkuvaan negatiivisesti vaikuttavia sosiaalisen median mekanismeja ja sisältöjä

Tiivistelmä. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaiset sosiaalisen median sisällöt ja mekanismit aiheuttavat negatiivisia vaikutuksia kehonkuvalle. Tutkielma on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa hyödynnettiin jo tehtyjä tutkimuksia, eikä uutta empiiristä tutkimusta tehty. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella voidaan todeta, että sosiaalisen median mekanismit kuten tykkäykset, kuvafiltterit ja sisältöä järjestelevät ja suosittelevat algoritmit voivat vaikuttaa käyttäjän kehonkuvan huonontumiseen. Myös esimerkiksi fitspiration- ja thinspiration -sisältö voi olla haitallista ja rohkaista käyttäjiä toimimaan vaarallisten toimintamallien mukaan. Valtaosa tutkielmassa käsitellyistä tutkimuksista oli tehty naisten näkökulmasta, mutta miesten kokemuksia sivutaan myös hiukan. Sosiaalisen median runsaampi käyttö voi johtaa esimerkiksi tykkäysten määrän laskemiseen tai sosiaaliseen vertailuun negatiivisessa mielessä, aiheuttaen alemmuudentunnetta ja itsetunnon huonontumista. Somealgoritmien puskema sisältö ja muiden käyttäjien muokattujen kuvien selaus voi saada käyttäjän ihannoimaan epärealistisia keho- tai kauneusihanteita. Häiriintynyt syöminen sekä syömishäiriöt ovat mahdollinen ja vakava seuraus sosiaalisen median haitallisesta sisällöstä. Medialukutaito nostettiin kirjallisuudessa tärkeään asemaan sosiaalisen median mekanismien ja sisältöjen mahdollisten negatiivisten vaikutusten torjumisessa, kuten myös nuorisolähtöisyys. Nuorisolähtöisyyden periaatteen mukaan keskiössä on oikeanlaisten toimintatapojen korostaminen yli vääränlaisten toimintatapojen kieltämisen. Lisäksi moderointi, nuorille suunnattujen palveluiden yksinkertaisuus, sekä heidän mukaansa ottaminen sovellusten suunnitteluvaiheessa toimivat tehokkaina tapoina torjua sosiaalisen median negatiivisia vaikutuksia. Tunnistamalla haitalliset toimintamallit sekä sisällöt on mahdollista tarttua epäkohtiin mahdollisimman aikaisin ja toimia ennaltaehkäisevästi

Effect of a thin AlO_x layer on transition-edge sensor properties

We have studied the physics of transition-edge sensor (TES) devices with an insulating AlOx layer on top of the device to allow implementation of more complex detector geometries. By comparing devices with and without the insulating film, we have observed significant additional noise apparently caused by the insulator layer. In addition, AlOx was found to be a relatively good thermal conductor. This adds an unforeseen internal thermal feature to the system.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Low Temperature Detectors 14 conferenc

Association of glycated hemoglobin A1c levels with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: results from the BiomarCaRE (Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe) consortium

Background: Biomarkers may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk estimation. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used to monitor the quality of diabetes treatment. Its strength of association with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the association of HbA1c with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. Methods: Data from six prospective population-based cohort studies across Europe comprising 36,180 participants were analyzed. HbA1c was evaluated in conjunction with classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) for association with cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and overall mortality in subjects without diabetes (N = 32,496) and with diabetes (N = 3684). Results: Kaplan\u2013Meier curves showed higher event rates with increasing HbA1c levels (log-rank-test: p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed significant associations between HbA1c (in mmol/mol) in the total study population and the examined outcomes. Thus, a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02\u20131.31, p = 0.02) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.13 (95% CI 1.03\u20131.24, p = 0.01) for CVD incidence, and 1.09 (95% CI 1.02\u20131.17, p = 0.01) for overall mortality was observed per 10 mmol/mol increase in HbA1c. The association with CVD incidence and overall mortality was also observed in study participants without diabetes with increased HbA1c levels (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.25, p = 0.04) and HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01\u20131.20, p = 0.02) respectively. HbA1c cut-off values of 39.9 mmol/mol (5.8%), 36.6 mmol/mol (5.5%), and 38.8 mmol/mol (5.7%) for cardiovascular mortality, CVD incidence, and overall mortality, showed also an increased risk. Conclusions: HbA1c is independently associated with cardiovascular mortality, overall mortality and cardiovascular disease in the general European population. A mostly monotonically increasing relationship was observed between HbA1c levels and outcomes. Elevated HbA1c levels were associated with cardiovascular disease incidence and overall mortality in participants without diabetes underlining the importance of HbA1c levels in the overall population

Model selection based algorithm in neonatal Chest EIT

This paper presents a new method for selecting a patient specific forward model to compensate for anatomical variations in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring of neonates. The method uses a combination of shape sensors and absolute reconstruction. It takes advantage of a probabilistic approach which automatically selects the best estimated forward model fit from pre-stored library models. Absolute/static image reconstruction is performed as the core of the posterior probability calculations. The validity and reliability of the algorithm in detecting a suitable model in the presence of measurement noise is studied with simulated and measured data from 11 patients. The paper also demonstrates the potential improvements on the clinical parameters extracted from EIT images by considering a unique case study with a neonate patient undergoing computed tomography imaging as clinical indication prior to EIT monitoring. Two well-known image reconstruction techniques, namely GREIT and tSVD, are implemented to create the final tidal images. The impacts of appropriate model selection on the clinical extracted parameters such as center of ventilation and silent spaces are investigated. The results show significant improvements to the final reconstructed images and more importantly to the clinical EIT parameters extracted from the images that are crucial for decision-making and further interventions

Risk prediction of atrial fibrillation in the community combining biomarkers and genetics

AimsClassical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF5), biomarkers, and common genetic variation have been suggested for risk assessment of atrial fibrillation (AF). To evaluate their clinical potential, we analysed their individual and combined ability of AF prediction.Methods and resultsIn N=6945 individuals of the FINRISK 1997 cohort, we assessed the predictive value of CVRF, N-terminal pro Btype natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and 145 recently identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) combined in a developed polygenic risk score (PRS) for incident AF. Over a median follow-up of 17.8 years, n = 551 participants (7.9%) developed AF. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, NT-proBNP [hazard ratio (HR) of log transformed values 4.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.66-6.22; PConclusion The PRS and the established biomarker NT-proBNP showed comparable predictive ability. Both provided incremental predictive value over standard clinical variables. Further improvements for the PRS are likely with the discovery of additional SNPs.</p

Exclusion of known gene for enamel development in two Brazilian families with amelogenesis imperfecta

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that result in defective development of tooth enamel. Mutations in several enamel proteins and proteinases have been associated with AI. The object of this study was to evaluate evidence of etiology for the six major candidate gene loci in two Brazilian families with AI. Genomic DNA was obtained from family members and all exons and exon-intron boundaries of the ENAM, AMBN, AMELX, MMP20, KLK4 and Amelotin gene were amplified and sequenced. Each family was also evaluated for linkage to chromosome regions known to contain genes important in enamel development. The present study indicates that the AI in these two families is not caused by any of the known loci for AI or any of the major candidate genes proposed in the literature. These findings indicate extensive genetic heterogeneity for non-syndromic AI

Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI-GER)

Dysfunctional trauma-related cognitions are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychometric properties of the German version of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI-GER) were assessed in a sample of 223 children and adolescents (7–16 years) with a history of different traumatic events. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original two-factor structure—permanent and disturbing change (CPTCI-PC) and fragile person in a scary world (CPTCI-SW). The total scale and both subscales showed good internal consistency. Participants with PTSD had significantly more dysfunctional trauma-related cognitions than those without PTSD. Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions correlated significantly with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS; r = .62), depression (r = .71), and anxiety (r = .67). The CPTCI-GER has good psychometric properties and may facilitate evaluation of treatments and further research on the function of trauma-related cognitions in children and adolescents. (Partial) correlations provide empirical support for the combined DSM-5 symptom cluster negative alterations in cognitions and mood

INDCOR white paper on the Design of Complexity IDNs

This white paper was written by the members of the Work Group focusing on design practices of the COST Action 18230 - Interactive Narrative Design for Complexity Representation (INDCOR, WG1). It presents an overview of Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) design for complexity representations through IDN workflows and methodologies, IDN authoring tools and applications. It provides definitions of the central elements of the IDN alongside its best practices, designs and methods. Finally, it describes complexity as a feature of IDN, with related examples. In summary, this white paper serves as an orienting map for the field of IDN design, understanding where we are in the contemporary panorama while charting the grounds of their promising futures

Towards an alternative testing strategy for nanomaterials used in nanomedicine: lessons from NanoTEST.

In spite of recent advances in describing the health outcomes of exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), it still remains unclear how exactly NPs interact with their cellular targets. Size, surface, mass, geometry, and composition may all play a beneficial role as well as causing toxicity. Concerns of scientists, politicians and the public about potential health hazards associated with NPs need to be answered. With the variety of exposure routes available, there is potential for NPs to reach every organ in the body but we know little about the impact this might have. The main objective of the FP7 NanoTEST project ( www.nanotest-fp7.eu ) was a better understanding of mechanisms of interactions of NPs employed in nanomedicine with cells, tissues and organs and to address critical issues relating to toxicity testing especially with respect to alternatives to tests on animals. Here we describe an approach towards alternative testing strategies for hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials, highlighting the adaptation of standard methods demanded by the special physicochemical features of nanomaterials and bioavailability studies. The work has assessed a broad range of toxicity tests, cell models and NP types and concentrations taking into account the inherent impact of NP properties and the effects of changes in experimental conditions using well-characterized NPs. The results of the studies have been used to generate recommendations for a suitable and robust testing strategy which can be applied to new medical NPs as they are developed

The Nonstructural Proteins of Nipah Virus Play a Key Role in Pathogenicity in Experimentally Infected Animals

Nipah virus (NiV) P gene encodes P protein and three accessory proteins (V, C and W). It has been reported that all four P gene products have IFN antagonist activity when the proteins were transiently expressed. However, the role of those accessory proteins in natural infection with NiV remains unknown. We generated recombinant NiVs lacking V, C or W protein, rNiV(V−), rNiV(C−), and rNiV(W−), respectively, to analyze the functions of these proteins in infected cells and the implications in in vivo pathogenicity. All the recombinants grew well in cell culture, although the maximum titers of rNiV(V−) and rNiV(C−) were lower than the other recombinants. The rNiV(V−), rNiV(C−) and rNiV(W−) suppressed the IFN response as well as the parental rNiV, thereby indicating that the lack of each accessory protein does not significantly affect the inhibition of IFN signaling in infected cells. In experimentally infected golden hamsters, rNiV(V−) and rNiV(C−) but not the rNiV(W−) virus showed a significant reduction in virulence. These results suggest that V and C proteins play key roles in NiV pathogenicity, and the roles are independent of their IFN-antagonist activity. This is the first report that identifies the molecular determinants of NiV in pathogenicity in vivo