Amtshausgärten : rural garden culture at bailiffs estates in the Electorate and Kingdom of Hanover

Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, ISBN 978-3-7983-2809-9Spargelbeete, Hopfenstangen, Pfirsichspaliere, Heckenlauben und Apfelbäume – viele Apfelbäume – wurden gezählt, wenn ein Amtmann den Amtshof mit den zugehörigen Gärten von seinem Vorgänger übernahm. Im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert waren die Amtssitze die unteren Verwaltungsbehörden im Kurfürstentum und Königreich Hannover und sie repräsentierten den Landesherren in jedem Winkel der Provinz. Die Gärten dieser Verwaltungssitze sind ein bislang unerforschter Bereich der ländlichen Gartenkultur. Am Fachgebiet Denkmalpflege der Technischen Universität Berlin wurden diese Amtshausgärten in einem mehrjährigen, von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projekt eingehend untersucht. Dieses Buch gibt Einblicke in das Gartenwesen an ausgewählten Amtshöfen, es erzählt von Möglichkeiten und Grenzen in der Anlage und Bewirtschaftung der Gärten, von ihren Eigenarten und Besonderheiten in Struktur und Gestaltung.Asparagus beds, hop poles, peach trellises, arbours and apple trees – many apple trees – were counted when a bailiff took the bailiffs estate with attached gardens from his predecessor. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the bailiffs were the lower administrative authorities in the Electorate and Kingdom of Hanover and they represented the sovereign in every corner of the country. The gardens of these estates are still an unexplored field of rural garden culture. At the chair of heritage conservation, Berlin University of Technology, the 'Amtshausgärten' were deeply explored in a multi-year research project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. This book provides insights into these gardens on the basis of a choice of bailiffs estates. Furthermore it tells about possibilities and limits of the gardens' creation and maintenance as well as about their characteristics and peculiarities concerning structure and design.DFG, BU 2415/1-1, Obst auf das Land – Landesentwicklung durch adminstrativen Gartenkulturtransfer im 19. Jahrhundert im Königreich Hannove

Nodal marginal zone B cells in mice : a novel subset with dormant self-reactivity

Marginal zone (MZ) B cells, representing a distinct subset of innate-like B cells, mount rapid T-independent responses to blood-borne antigens. They express low-affinity polyreactive antigen receptors that recognize both foreign and self-structures. The spleen is considered the exclusive site for murine MZ B cells. However, we have here identified B cells with a MZ B-cell phenotype in the subcapsular sinuses of mouse lymph nodes. The nodal MZ (nMZ) B cells display high levels of IgM, costimulators and TLRs, and are represented by naive and memory cells. The frequency of nMZ B cells is about 1-6% of nodal B cells depending on mouse strain, with higher numbers in older mice and a trend of increased numbers in females. There is a significant expansion of nMZ B cells following immunization with an autoantigen, but not after likewise immunization with a control protein or with the adjuvant alone. The nMZ B cells secrete autoantibodies upon activation and can efficiently present autoantigen to cognate T cells in vitro, inducing T-cell proliferation. The existence of self-reactive MZ B cells in lymph nodes may be a source of autoantigen-presenting cells that in an unfortunate environment may activate T cells leading to autoimmunity

Differential Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes by UV-B Radiation and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D: A Pilot Study during Different Stages of Skin Photocarcinogenesis

Background: Increasing evidence points at an important physiological role of the timekeeping system, known as the circadian clock (CC), regulating not only our sleep–awake rhythm but additionally many other cellular processes in peripheral tissues. It was shown in various cell types that environmental stressors, including ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B), modulate the expression of genes that regulate the CC (CCGs) and that these CCGs modulate susceptibility for UV-B-induced cellular damage. It was the aim of this pilot study to gain further insights into the CCs’ putative role for UV-B-induced photocarcinogenesis of skin cancer. Methods: Applying RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of two core CCGs (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) and Period-2 (Per2)) over several time points (0–60 h) in HaCaT cells with and without 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (D3 ) and/or UV-B and conducted a cosinor analysis to evaluate the effects of those conditions on the circadian rhythm and an extended mixed-effects linear modeling to account for both fixed effects of experimental conditions and random inter-individual variability. Next, we investigated the expression of these two genes in keratinocytes representing different stages of skin photocarcinogenesis, comparing normal (Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes—NHEK; p53 wild type), precancerous (HaCaT keratinocytes; mutated p53 status), and malignant (Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCL-1; p53 null status) keratinocytes after 12 h under the same conditions. Results: We demonstrated that in HaCaT cells, Bmal1 showed a robust circadian rhythm, while the evidence for Per2 was limited. Overall expression of both genes, but especially for Bmal1, was increased following UV-B treatment, while Per2 showed a suppressed overall expression following D3 . Both UVB and 1,25(OH)2D3 suggested a significant phase shift for Bmal1 (p < 0.05 for the acrophase), while no specific effect on the amplitude could be evidenced. Differential effects on the expression of BMAL1 and Per2 were found when we compared different treatment modalities (UV-B and/or D3 ) or cell types (NHEK, HaCaT, and SCL-1 cells). Conclusions: Comparing epidermal keratinocytes representing different stages of skin photocarcinogenesis, we provide further evidence for an independently operating timekeeping system in human skin, which is regulated by UV-B and disturbed during skin photocarcinogenesis. Our finding that this pattern of circadian rhythm was differentially altered by treatment with UV-B, as compared with treatment with D3 , does not support the hypothesis that the expression of these CCGs may be regulated via UV-B-induced synthesis of vitamin D but might be introducing a novel photoprotective property of vitamin D through the circadian clock

Entwicklungen und Tendenzen

Softcover, 17x242024-03-03Lateinamerika und die deutschsprachigen Länder Mitteleuropas stehen seit langem in vielseitigen und dynamischen Beziehungen. Dieses enge Miteinander hat sich maßgeblich auch auf Geschichte und Gegenwart der institutionellen Germanistik in Lateinamerika ausgewirkt. Dabei gibt es allerdings länderspezifische Unterschiede: während man im Falle einiger Standorte nur ansatzweise von einer etablierten Germanistik sprechen kann, ist sie in anderen durchaus breit aufgestellt. Die bestehende Vielfalt nachzuzeichnen ist Hauptanliegen dieses Sammelbandes. Die Idee für die Publikation entstand während des 16. Kongresses des Lateinamerikanischen Germanistenverbandes (ALEG) in Buenos Aires im Dezember 2017. Im Rahmen der Sektion „Geschichte der Germanistik“ wurde das Desiderat eines Sammelbandes mit Beiträgen in deutscher Sprache deutlich, in denen die Entwicklungen und Perspektiven germanistischer Studiengänge in den verschiedenen lateinamerikanischen Ländern und Regionen aufgearbeitet und diskutiert werden. AkademikerInnen aus ganz Lateinamerika erklärten sich bereit, Einblicke und Erkenntnisse zu den Aufgaben und Schwerpunkten germanistischer Studien für das Buchprojekt zu teilen. Da die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen des Fachs in Lateinamerika sehr unterschiedlich sind, gehen die InitiatorInnen von einem weiten Begriff der Germanistik aus, der die Lehre und Erforschung sowohl literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Themen als auch sprach- und übersetzungswissenschaftliche Studien sowie die LehrerInnenausbildung und den Unterricht der deutschen Sprache an sich umfasst. Der Sammelband vereint insgesamt 22 Artikel aus elf Ländern, erstellt von 39 AutorInnen, und ermöglicht damit eine breite und differenzierte Sicht auf die Lage der Germanistik in Lateinamerika. Vertreten sind Porträts und Analysen aus Argentinien, Bolivien, Brasilien, Chile, der Dominikanischen Republik, Ecuador, Kolumbien, Mexiko, Paraguay, Uruguay und Venezuela.Latin America and the German-speaking countries of Central Europe have for a long time maintained multifaceted and dynamic relations. This close interaction has also had a significant impact on the history and present of institutional Germanic studies in Latin America. There are, however, country-specific differences: while in the case of some locations there is only a rudimentary area of Germanic Studies, in others it is quite broadly established. The main purpose of this volume is to trace the existing diversity. The idea for the publication emerged during the 16th Congress of the Latin American Association of Germanists (ALEG) in Buenos Aires in December 2017. Within the framework of the section "History of Germanic Studies", the need for an anthology with contributions in German became evident, in which the developments and perspectives of Germanic studies in the various Latin American countries and regions are reviewed and discussed. Academics from across Latin America agreed to share insights and findings on the aims and foci of Germanic studies for the book project to be realized. Since the institutional framework of the discipline varies widely in Latin America, the initiators assume a broad concept of Germanic studies that encompasses the teaching and research of literary and cultural studies, as well as linguistic and translation studies, teacher training and the teaching of the German language itself. The anthology combines a total of 22 articles from eleven countries, written by 39 authors, and thus provides a broad and diverse view of the situation of Germanistic studies in Latin America. It includes overviews and analyses from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela

science polaire

International audienc

Efficacy of rotigotine for treatment of moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome:a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The air-sea gas transfer velocity k is frequently estimated as an empirical function of wind speed. However, it is widely recognized that k depends on processes other than wind speed alone. The small-eddy model, which describes periodic events of small eddies disturbing the sea surface with water from below, suggests a direct relation between k and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy E at the air-sea interface. This relation has been proven both in laboratories and in the field in various freshwater and coastal environments, but to date has not been verified in open ocean conditions. Here, concurrent North Atlantic field observations of E and eddy covariance measurements of DMS and CO2 air-sea gas flux are presented. Using E measurements, we compare the small-eddy model at various depths to previously published observations. Extrapolating the measured E profiles to the thickness of the viscous sublayer allows us to formulate a function of k that depends solely on the water side friction velocity uw, which can be inferred from direct eddy covariance measurements of the air-side friction velocity ua. These field observations are generally consistent with the theoretical small-eddy model. Utilizing a variable Schmidt number exponent in the model, rather than a constant value of 1/2 yields improved agreement between model and observations

The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification

Clouds play an important role in Arctic amplification. This term represents the recently observed enhanced warming of the Arctic relative to the global increase of near-surface air temperature. However, there are still important knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between Arctic clouds and aerosol particles, and surface properties, as well as turbulent and radiative fluxes that inhibit accurate model simulations of clouds in the Arctic climate system. In an attempt to resolve this so-called Arctic cloud puzzle, two comprehensive and closely coordinated field studies were conducted: the Arctic Cloud Observations Using Airborne Measurements during Polar Day (ACLOUD) aircraft campaign and the Physical Feedbacks of Arctic Boundary Layer, Sea Ice, Cloud and Aerosol (PASCAL) ice breaker expedition. Both observational studies were performed in the framework of the German Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC) project. They took place in the vicinity of Svalbard, Norway, in May and June 2017. ACLOUD and PASCAL explored four pieces of the Arctic cloud puzzle: cloud properties, aerosol impact on clouds, atmospheric radiation, and turbulent dynamical processes. The two instrumented Polar 5 and Polar 6 aircraft; the icebreaker Research Vessel (R/V) Polarstern; an ice floe camp including an instrumented tethered balloon; and the permanent ground-based measurement station at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, were employed to observe Arctic low- and mid-level mixed-phase clouds and to investigate related atmospheric and surface processes. The Polar 5 aircraft served as a remote sensing observatory examining the clouds from above by downward-looking sensors; the Polar 6 aircraft operated as a flying in situ measurement laboratory sampling inside and below the clouds. Most of the collocated Polar 5/6 flights were conducted either above the R/V Polarstern or over the Ny-Ålesund station, both of which monitored the clouds from below using similar but upward-looking remote sensing techniques as the Polar 5 aircraft. Several of the flights were carried out underneath collocated satellite tracks. The paper motivates the scientific objectives of the ACLOUD/PASCAL observations and describes the measured quantities, retrieved parameters, and the applied complementary instrumentation. Furthermore, it discusses selected measurement results and poses critical research questions to be answered in future papers analyzing the data from the two field campaigns

The arctic cloud puzzle: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL multiplatform observations to unravel the role of clouds and aerosol particles in arctic amplification

Clouds play an important role in Arctic amplification. This term represents the recently observed enhanced warming of the Arctic relative to the global increase of near-surface air temperature. However, there are still important knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between Arctic clouds and aerosol particles, and surface properties, as well as turbulent and radiative fluxes that inhibit accurate model simulations of clouds in the Arctic climate system. In an attempt to resolve this so-called Arctic cloud puzzle, two comprehensive and closely coordinated field studies were conducted: the Arctic Cloud Observations Using Airborne Measurements during Polar Day (ACLOUD) aircraft campaign and the Physical Feedbacks of Arctic Boundary Layer, Sea Ice, Cloud and Aerosol (PASCAL) ice breaker expedition. Both observational studies were performed in the framework of the German Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 project. They took place in the vicinity of Svalbard, Norway, in May and June 2017. ACLOUD and PASCAL explored four pieces of the Arctic cloud puzzle: cloud properties, aerosol impact on clouds, atmospheric radiation, and turbulent dynamical processes. The two instrumented Polar 5 and Polar 6 aircraft; the icebreaker Research Vessel (R/V) Polarstern; an ice floe camp including an instrumented tethered balloon; and the permanent ground-based measurement station at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, were employed to observe Arctic low- and mid-level mixed-phase clouds and to investigate related atmospheric and surface processes. The Polar 5 aircraft served as a remote sensing observatory examining the clouds from above by downward-looking sensors; the Polar 6 aircraft operated as a flying in situ measurement laboratory sampling inside and below the clouds. Most of the collocated Polar 5/6 flights were conducted either above the R/V Polarstern or over the Ny-Ålesund station, both of which monitored the clouds from below using similar but upward-looking remote sensing techniques as the Polar 5 aircraft. Several of the flights were carried out underneath collocated satellite tracks. The paper motivates the scientific objectives of the ACLOUD/PASCAL observations and describes the measured quantities, retrieved parameters, and the applied complementary instrumentation. Furthermore, it discusses selected measurement results and poses critical research questions to be answered in future papers analyzing the data from the two field campaigns