Los efectos del work engagement y la auto-efi cacia en la iniciativa personal y el desempeño.

Background: Two popular concepts, work engagement and personal initiative, are different but related constructs. This study is based on and extends the Frese and Fay (2001) model of personal initiative (PI) by including work engagement (WE) and self-effi cacy as antecedents of PI, and performance as a consequence. Method: Two studies (study 1, with a cross-sectional design using N = 396 participants from 22 organizations, and study 2, with a longitudinal design conducted in two waves with N = 118 participants from 15 organizations) test the hypotheses. Results: Structural equation modeling and the PROCESS SPSS Macro were used to test the hypothesized mediating role of personal initiative in work engagement and performance, and the results show the indirect effect of WE on performance through PI. Conclusions: The results of these two studies confi rmed our hypotheses: WE and self-effi cacy lead to higher PI, which, in turn, leads to higher performance. In addition to considering WE as an antecedent of PI, the results lead to considering PI as an antecedent of performance.Los efectos del work engagement y la auto-efi cacia en la iniciativa personal y el desempeño. Antecedentes: los conceptos work engagement e iniciativa personal están relacionados pero son conceptos diferentes. Este trabajo se basa en el modelo de la iniciativa personal de Frese y Fay (2001) y lo amplía incluyendo el work engagement como antecedente de la iniciativa personal, junto con la autoefi cacia y el desempeño como resultado. Método: se realizaron dos estudios (estudio 1 con un diseño transversal N = 396 participantes de 22 organizaciones y estudio 2 con un diseño longitudinal con dos tiempos y N = 118 participantes de 15 organizaciones) para contrastar las hipótesis. Resultados: se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y el Macro de SPSS Process para contrastar el rol mediador de la iniciativa perosnal entre el work engagement y el desempeño, mostrando los resultados los efectos indirectos del work engagement sobre el desempeño a través de la iniciativa personal. Conclusión: los resultados de los dos estudios confi rman nuestras hipótesis. Work engagment y autoefi cacia llevan a una mayor iniciativa personal, que implica una mejora del desempeño. Junto a considerar el work engagment un antecedente de la iniciativa personal, los resultados permiten considerar a la iniciativa un antecedente del desempeño

La pancarte de consignation : un artefact cognitif pour l'intelligibilité mutuelle dans une industrie à risques

International audienceJoint collective activity contributes to the reliability of High-Risk Organizations and relies on a set of coordinative practices. Such practices are documented in this paper from two perspectives: the production of mutual intelligibility and the role played by cognitive artifacts in this production. The empirical material is provided by a workplace study undertaken in the context of a design project that aims at improving the clearance and tagging process in a high-risk industry. Findings illustrate the role played by cognitive artifacts in the clearance and tagging process, focusing on the coordinated use of a particular artifact: the clearance tag. A detailed analysis of an interaction sequence reveals how this artifact, which was designed to support coordination in a specific way, may fail to support the production of mutual intelligibility in asynchronous collaboration.Dans sa contribution à la construction de la fiabilité des systèmes à risques, l'activité conjointe mobilise de manière centrale des mécanismes de coordination. Cette communication documente ces mécanismes, du point de vue de la production d'intelligibilité mutuelle et de celui du rôle joué par les artefacts cognitifs dans cette production. Elle se fonde sur une étude menée dans le cadre d'un projet de modification du dispositif de consignation dans une industrie de process. Les résultats illustrent le rôle des artefacts cognitifs dans le processus de consignation par une analyse détaillée de l'usage coordonné d'un artefact : la pancarte de consignation. L'analyse d'un épisode d'activité met en évidence les limites intrinsèques de cet artefact, conçu pour assurer une fonction précise dans la coordination des opérateurs, en termes d'assistance à la production d'intelligibilité mutuelle dans une interaction asynchrone

Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme versus Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Typing Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates

Outbreaks of infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria following invasive procedures, such as ophthalmological, laparoscopic, arthroscopic, plastic, and cardiac surgeries, mesotherapy, and vaccination, have been detected in Brazil since 1998. Members of the Mycobacterium chelonae-Mycobacterium abscessus group have caused most of these outbreaks. As part of an epidemiological investigation, the isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). in this project, we performed a large-scale comparison of PFGE profiles with the results of a recently developed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. abscessus. Ninety-three isolates were analyzed, with 40 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus isolates, 47 M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates, and six isolates with no assigned subspecies. Forty-five isolates were obtained during five outbreaks, and 48 were sporadic isolates that were not associated with outbreaks. for MLST, seven housekeeping genes (argH, cya, glpK, gnd, murC, pta, and purH) were sequenced, and each isolate was assigned a sequence type (ST) from the combination of obtained alleles. the PFGE patterns of DraI-digested DNA were compared with the MLST results. All isolates were analyzable by both methods. Isolates from monoclonal outbreaks showed unique STs and indistinguishable or very similar PFGE patterns. Thirty-three STs and 49 unique PFGE patterns were identified among the 93 isolates. the Simpson's index of diversity values for MLST and PFGE were 0.69 and 0.93, respectively, for M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, for M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. in conclusion, the MLST scheme showed 100% typeability and grouped monoclonal outbreak isolates in agreement with PFGE, but it was less discriminative than PFGE for M. abscessus.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilAdolfo Lutz Inst, Nucleo TB & Micobacterioses, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol Paulo de Goes, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Oftalmol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Nucleo Doencas Infecciosas, Vitoria, ES, BrazilInst Evandro Chagas, Belem, Para, BrazilFiocruz MS, Escola Nacl Saude Publ, Ctr Referencia Prof Helio Fraga, BR-21045900 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHop Univ Paris Ile de France Ouest, Hop Ambroise Pare, AP HP, Microbiol Lab, Boulogne, FranceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Oftalmol, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/18326-4FAPESP: 2012/18038-1FAPESP: 2012/07335-5FAPESP: 2013/16018-6Web of Scienc

Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene

Atomically thin graphene exhibits fascinating mechanical properties, although its hardness and transverse stiffness are inferior to those of diamond. To date, there hasn't been any practical demonstration of the transformation of multi-layer graphene into diamond-like ultra-hard structures. Here we show that at room temperature and after nano-indentation, two-layer graphene on SiC(0001) exhibits a transverse stiffness and hardness comparable to diamond, resisting to perforation with a diamond indenter, and showing a reversible drop in electrical conductivity upon indentation. Density functional theory calculations suggest that upon compression, the two-layer graphene film transforms into a diamond-like film, producing both elastic deformations and sp2-to-sp3 chemical changes. Experiments and calculations show that this reversible phase change is not observed for a single buffer layer on SiC or graphene films thicker than 3 to 5 layers. Indeed, calculations show that whereas in two-layer graphene layer-stacking configuration controls the conformation of the diamond-like film, in a multilayer film it hinders the phase transformation.Comment: Published online on Nature Nanotechnology on December 18, 201

Formación de hábitos hacia una sana convivencia escolar en una institución educativa, Huaraz, 2024

La presente investigación persiguió conocer cómo contribuye la formación de hábitos en los niños de cuatro años a la convivencia escolar en una Institución Educativa Inicial. Para ello se planteó una ruta metodológica caracterizada por un enfoque cualitativo, tipo básico, alcance descriptivo-exploratorio y diseño de estudio de caso. El escernario de estudio fue la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 286 - Villón Alto (Huaraz-Perú) y los participantes fueron cinco padres de familia, cinco alumnos y dos docentes. Los instrumentos empleados para el recojo de información fueron creados por la investigadora: Guía de entrevista semiestructurada sobre formación de hábitos y convivencia escolar en niños de cuatro años del nivel inicial – Versión padres de familia, Guía de entrevista semiestructurada sobre formación de hábitos y convivencia escolar en niños de cuatro años del nivel inicial – Versión docentes y la Guía de observación sobre la formación de hábitos y convivencia escolar en niños de cuatro años del nivel inicial, los cuales fueron validados mediante el juicio de expertos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que el proceso de formación de hábitos es relevante para la convivencia escolar, ya que es en el hogar que los niños cultivan el autocuidado, la capacidad de seguir órdenes e indicaciones de los adultos y el interés por el bienestar ajeno; precondiciones necesarias para lograr una convivencia escolar caracterizada por un carácter democrático, seguro y ético

Rapid culture-based methods for drug-resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis still represents a major public health problem, especially in low-resource countries where the burden of the disease is more important. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug drug-resistant tuberculosis constitute serious problems for the efficient control of the disease stressing the need to investigate resistance to first- and second-line drugs. Conventional methods for detecting drug-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are slow and cumbersome. The most commonly used proportion method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium or Middlebrook agar requires a minimum of 3-4 weeks to produce results. Several new approaches have been proposed in the last years for the rapid and timely detection of drug-resistance in tuberculosis. This review will address phenotypic culture-based methods for rapid drug susceptibility testing in M. tuberculosis

Dual-coverage electromagnetic skin with independent shaped beams for sub-thz 6g communications

Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI [TED2021-131975A-I00]; Comunidad de Madrid; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [F858

Los efectos del work engagement y la auto-eficacia en la iniciativa personal y el desempeño

Background: Two popular concepts, work engagement and personal initiative, are different but related constructs. This study is based on and extends the Frese and Fay (2001) model of personal initiative (PI) by including work engagement (WE) and self-efficacy as antecedents of PI, and performance as a consequence. Method: Two studies (study 1, with a cross-sectional design using N = 396 participants from 22 organizations, and study 2, with a longitudinal design conducted in two waves with N = 118 participants from 15 organizations) test the hypotheses. Results: Structural equation modeling and the PROCESS SPSS Macro were used to test the hypothesized mediating role of personal initiative in work engagement and performance, and the results show the indirect effect of WE on performance through PI. Conclusions: The results of these two studies confirmed our hypotheses: WE and self-efficacy lead to higher PI, which, in turn, leads to higher performance. In addition to considering WE as an antecedent of PI, the results lead to considering PI as an antecedent of performance.Antecedentes: los conceptos work engagement e iniciativa personal están relacionados pero son conceptos diferentes. Este trabajo se basa en el modelo de la iniciativa personal de Frese y Fay (2001) y lo amplía incluyendo el work engagement como antecedente de la iniciativa personal, junto con la autoeficacia y el desempeño como resultado. Método: se realizaron dos estudios (estudio 1 con un diseño transversal N = 396 participantes de 22 organizaciones y estudio 2 con un diseño longitudinal con dos tiempos y N = 118 participantes de 15 organizaciones) para contrastar las hipótesis. Resultados: se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y el Macro de SPSS Process para contrastar el rol mediador de la iniciativa perosnal entre el work engagement y el desempeño, mostrando los resultados los efectos indirectos del work engagement sobre el desempeño a través de la iniciativa personal. Conclusión: los resultados de los dos estudios confirman nuestras hipótesis. Work engagment y autoeficacia llevan a una mayor iniciativa personal, que implica una mejora del desempeño. Junto a considerar el work engagment un antecedente de la iniciativa personal, los resultados permiten considerar a la iniciativa un antecedente del desempeño