Metodología para una valoración rápida y participativa del desarrollo local-regional

En varias partes del mundo han surgido iniciativas de desarrollo local-regional que tienen como propósito potenciar los factores con los que cuenta cada comunidad en la búsqueda de un desarrollo endógeno. Una de las características fundamentales de los procesos de desarrollo local-regional es precisamente su amplia heterogeneidad y diversidad, presentando cada comunidad o región elementos de singularidad que la distinguen del resto de las unidades socio-territoriales. En tal sentido, si bien existen factores o procedimientos comunes de tipo general que pueden ser aplicados en todo esquema de desarrollo local, las formas de organización, el diagnóstico, el diseño de estrategias y otras fases del proceso deben ser adaptados a las condiciones particulares de cada territorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una metodología para llevar a cabo una valoración rápida y participativa como un elemento estratégico del proceso del desarrollo local-regional, que considere las especificidades de cada comunidad, municipio o región involucrada. La construcción metodológica de la presente propuesta se basó en la revisión de experiencias seleccionadas de desarrollo local-regional, mismas que, mediante la inclusión de variables y esquemas innovadores propios, fueron adaptadas a las condiciones locales en el estado de Sonora, México

Ordenamiento ecológico y ordenamiento territorial: retos para la gestión del desarrollo regional sustentable en el siglo XXI

American countries, it has been recognized that despite some advances in this field, traditional planning in general and territorial and ecological planning programmes in particular, the latter as instruments of environmental management linked to land use, the efforts have mainly been of indicative character lacking of political back up for an effective implementation.The purpose of this essay is to carry out an analytical reflection on the driving forces and megatrends affecting these territorial planning processes. For that, Mexico´s two major territorial planning programmes are considered as a reference point: the Ecological and the Territorial Planning Programmes. It is argued that given their strong sectorial orientation environmental the former and urbansettlementsthelatter, by themselves these planning instruments cannot become substitutes of a comprehensive and sustainable regional-territorial development policy.En México, como en el resto de América Latina, se reconoce que a pesar de los avances en la materia, la planificación tradicional en general y los programas de ordenamiento ecológico y territorial en particular, éstos últimos como instrumentos de gestión ambiental directamente ligados al uso del suelo, los esfuerzos han sido preferentemente indicativos y no han estado respaldados políticamente con una aplicación eficaz. El objetivo de este ensayo es llevar a cabo una reflexión analítica de las fuerzas generadoras de cambio y megatendencias que están impactando los procesos de planeación territorial y contribuir a la discusión de alternativas. Para ello se toman como referencia los principales programas de ordenamiento ligados al territorio en México: el Ordenamiento Ecológico y el Ordenamiento Territorial. Se argumenta que por sí mismos ambos ordenamientos, debido a su orientación fundamentalmente sectorial medio ambiente el primero y urbana asentamientos humanos el segundo, no pueden constituirse en sustitutos de una política comprehensiva de desarrollo regional-territorial sustentable

La ideología de género: una respuesta de la Antropología y la Teología

El trabajo analiza la historia y desarrollo de los movimientos feministas, así como las repercusiones de la IV Conferencia Mundial de la Mujer (Pekín, 1995) que, según muchos estudiosos, ha sido utilizada como una importante plataforma para el desarrollo del feminismo radical, cuyo objetivo es eliminar o no dar relieve particular a la bipolaridad sexual del ser humano. Primero se ponen de manifiesto las consecuencias que estas corrientes comportan para el ser humano, el matrimonio, la familia, etc., y después se considera la respuesta al feminismo radical desde la antropología y la teología. El estudio pone de relieve cómo la realidad diferenciada de ser varón y ser mujer pertenece a la persona humana como tal y, por eso mismo, respetar esa diferenciación es irrenunciable en la valoración adecuada de la verdadera dignidad del varón y de la mujer. La consideración de la sexualidad como dimensión constitutiva de la persona, su ordenación al don y a la complementariedad, y el respeto de su estructura, son algunos de estos significados. Además de responder a los argumentos de carácter antropológico en los que se intenta apoyar el feminismo radical, la investigación busca recuperar las nociones antropológicas claves que son necesarias para desmontar los postulados principales de estas corrientes.This work analyzes the history and development of feminist movements, as well as the repercussions of the IV World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995). According to many scholars, this Conference has been used as an important platform for the development of radical feminism, whose objective is to eliminate or make irrelevant the sexual bipolarity of human beings. First the consequences of these ideologies for individuals, married couples, and families are analyzed. Then the response to radical feminism from anthropology and theology is considered. The study highlights how the differentiated reality of being male and being female belongs to the human person as such. For this reason, respecting this differentiation is essential in the correct assessment of the true dignity of men and women. The consideration of sexuality as a constitutive dimension of the person, its orientation towards self-giving and complementarity, and the respect for its structure are some of these meanings. Apart from responding to the anthropological arguments on which radical feminism bases its ideas, the research seeks to recover the key anthropological notions which are necessary to rebut the main postulates of these movements

Shared Oncogenic Pathways Implicated in Both Virus-Positive and UV-Induced Merkel Cell Carcinomas

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly malignant neuroendocrine tumor of the skin whose molecular pathogenesis is not completely understood, despite the role that Merkel cell polyomavirus can play in 55e90% of cases. To study potential mechanisms driving this disease in clinically characterized cases, we searched for somatic mutations using whole-exome sequencing, and extrapolated our findings to study functional biomarkers reporting on the activity of the mutated pathways. Confirming previous results, Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative tumors had higher mutational loads with UV signatures and more frequent mutations in TP53 and RB compared with their Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive counterparts. Despite important genetic differences, the two Merkel cell carcinoma etiologies both exhibited nuclear accumulation of oncogenic transcription factors such as NFAT or nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), P-CREB, and P-STAT3, indicating commonly deregulated pathogenic mechanisms with the potential to serve as targets for therapy. A multivariable analysis identified phosphorylated CRE-binding protein as an independent survival factor with respect to clinical variables and Merkel cell polyomavirus status in our cohort of Merkel cell carcinoma patients.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud-Carlos III (ISCIII); cofinanced by the European Union; (FEDER) (PI12/00357), and a Ramón and Cajal research program (MINECO; RYC-2013-14097) to JPV, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer and ISCIII grants (RD06/0020/0107, RD012/0036/0060) to MAP, and Coordinated Project of Excellence inter-Institutos de investigación acreditados institutes (ISCIII; PIE15/00081) to MAP. The Ramón and Cajal research program also supports IV. SD was supported by the Torres Quevedo subprogram (MICINN; PTQ-12-05391)

Clinical inertia in poorly controlled elderly hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study in Spanish physicians to ascertain reasons for not intensifying treatment

Background Clinical inertia, the failure of physicians to initiate or intensify therapy when indicated, is a major problem in the management of hypertension and may be more prevalent in elderly patients. Overcoming clinical inertia requires understanding its causes and evaluating certain factors, particularly those related to physicians. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the rate of clinical inertia and the physician-reported rea- sons for it. Conclusion Physicians provided reasons for not intensi- fying treatment in poorly controlled patients in only 30 % of instances. Main reasons for not intensifying treatment were borderline BP values, co-morbidity, suspected white coat effect, or perceived difficulty achieving target. nJCI was associated with high borderline BP values and car- diovascular diseas

Excessive TV viewing and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. The AVENA cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Excessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent associations between TV viewing and CVD risk factors in adolescents.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A sample of 425 adolescents, aged 13- to 18.5-year-old, was included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, apo B-100, and lipoprotein(a) levels were determined. A composite CVD risk score was computed based on age-, sex-, sexual maturation- and race-standardized triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose. TV viewing was self-reported.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two hundred and twenty-five adolescents (53%) who spent >3 hrs/day watching TV were considered as the "high TV viewing" group. Ninety-nine adolescents (23%) from the total sample were classified as overweight according to International age- and sex-specific BMI values. The high TV viewing group had significantly less favorable values of HDL-cholesterol, glucose, apo A1 and CVD score, independent of age, sex, sexual maturation, race and weight status. There was a significant interaction effect of TV viewing × weight status (P = 0.002) on WC, and the negative influence of TV viewing on WC persisted in the overweight group (P = 0.031) but was attenuated in non-overweight adolescents (P > 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Excessive TV viewing seems to be related to an unfavorable CVD risk factors profile in adolescence. Reducing TV viewing in overweight adolescents might be beneficial to decrease abdominal body fat.</p

Physical activity and risk of Metabolic Syndrome in an urban Mexican cohort

Abstract Background In the Mexican population metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent. It is well documented that regular physical activity (PA) prevents coronary diseases, type 2 diabetes and MS. Most studies of PA have focused on moderate-vigorous leisure-time activity, because it involves higher energy expenditures, increase physical fitness, and decrease the risk of MS. However, for most people it is difficult to get a significant amount of PA from only moderately-vigorous leisure activity, so workplace activity may be an option for working populations, because, although may not be as vigorous in terms of cardio-respiratory efforts, it comprises a considerable proportion of the total daily activity with important energy expenditure. Since studies have also documented that different types and intensity of daily PA, including low-intensity, seem to confer important health benefits such as prevent MS, we sought to assess the impact of different amounts of leisure-time and workplace activities, including low-intensity level on MS prevention, in a sample of urban Mexican adults. Methods The study population consisted of 5118 employees and their relatives, aged 20 to 70 years, who were enrolled in the baseline evaluation of a cohort study. MS was assessed according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, ATP III and physical activity with a validated self-administered questionnaire. Associations between physical activity and MS risk were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of the components of MS in the study population were: high glucose levels 14.2%, high triglycerides 40.9%, high blood pressure 20.4%, greater than healthful waist circumference 43.2% and low-high density lipoprotein 76.9%. The prevalence of MS was 24.4%; 25.3% in men and 21.8% in women. MS risk was reduced among men (OR 0.72; 95%CI 0.57–0.95) and women (OR 0.78; 95%CI 0.64–0.94) who reported an amount of ≥30 minutes/day of leisure-time activity, and among women who reported an amount of ≥3 hours/day of workplace activity (OR 0.75; 95%CI 0.59–0.96). Conclusion Our results indicate that both leisure-time and workplace activity at different intensity levels, including low-intensity significantly reduce the risk of MS. This finding highlights the need for more recommendations regarding the specific amount and intensity of leisure-time and workplace activity needed to prevent MS