Descripción de la primera zoea del cangrejo araña Stenorhynchus debilis (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea)

Background: The study of the morphological changes in embryonic development up to the stages of zoea and megalopa, is essential for the culture of crustacean and to distinguish one species from another in the classification of the decapods. Goals: Identify the morphological characteristics of the first zoea of Stenorhynchus debilis (Smith, 1871), to differentiate from the first zoeas of species of the same genus. Methods: S. debilis ovigerous females were collected and kept in captivity. From spawned eggs the stage of embryonic development was identified and the morphology of the first zoea was studied, using a bright field microscope equipped with a digital camera and Image Pro® software. Results: The orange eggs are 380-450 µm of diameter. The embryonic identified stages were: multiple divisions, blastula, gastrula and pre-zoea. The following morphological characteristics of the first zoea were identified: the straight spine 10% larger than the length of the carapace; a triangular spine in the frontal region of the carapace, a pair of chromatophores in the vicinity of each somite and fur branches of the telson with large and curved terminal spines. Conclusions: These morphological characteristics of the first zoea of S. debilis make it possible differentiate from the first zoeas of the same genus, such as S. seticornis and S. lanceolatus.Antecedentes: El estudio de los cambios morfológicos del desarrollo embrionario hasta los estadios de zoeas y megalopa es fundamental para el cultivo de crustáceos y para diferenciar una especie de otra en la clasificación de los decápodos. Objetivos: Identificar las características morfológicas de la primera zoea de Stenorhynchus debilis (Smith, 1871), para diferenciarla de las primeras zoeas de las especies del mismo género. Métodos: Se recolectaron hembras ovígeras de S. debilis y se mantuvieron en cautiverio. De los huevos desovados se identificarón estadios del desarrollo embrionario y se estudió la morfología de la primera zoea con un microscopio compuesto de campo claro, provisto de una cámara digital y el software Image Pro®. Resultados: Los huevos tienen un diámetro de 380-450 µm, son color naranja. Los estadios embrionarios identificados fueron: divisiones múltiples, blástula, gástrula y el de pre-zoea. En las primeras zoeas recién eclosionadas se identificaron las siguientes características morfológicas: la espina dorsal recta es 10% más grande que la longitud del caparazón; una espina triangular en la región frontal del caparazón, un par de cromatóforos en las inmediaciones de cada somita y ramas furcales del telson con espinas terminales grandes y curvadas. Conclusiones: Estas características morfológicas de la primera zoea de S. debilis permiten diferenciarla de las primeras zoeas del mismo género como son S. seticornis y S. lanceolatus

Estudio del uso de las TIC dentro de las PYMES localizadas en la zona urbana del cantón Pelileo – Tungurahua – Ecuador

The generalized use of new technologies into the business world has been increased significantly in recent years, and Ecuador has not been the exception. The growing use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) specifically in SMEs has been a reason for analysis, since there is an increase in this type of companies throughout the country. Thus, it has become necessary to study how these types of businesses are relying on technology to improve their internal and commercial processes, since it allows them to manage information in a more organized manner and provides clear and accurate at all times.  Therefore, the need to conduct a specific study in these companies belonging to the urban area from Pelileo was arisen; where the non-experimental methodology of descriptive connotation was applied to determine the necessary knowledge of new technologies to support their performance and productivity. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the use of ICT in the performance of SMEs in the district through indicators to improve the potential for economic growth at local and national level.El uso generalizado de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación dentro del mundo empresarial se ha incrementado exponencialmente durante los últimos años, sobre todo a raíz de la pandemia por el COVID19, esta realidad en el Ecuador no ha sido la excepción. El creciente uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) específicamente en las PYMES ha sido motivo de análisis, ya que existe un incremento de este tipo de empresas en todo el país. De tal manera que se ha visto necesario estudiar cómo este tipo de negocios se están apoyando en la tecnología para la mejora de sus procesos internos y comerciales, ya que permite manejar la información de una manera más organizada, clara y precisa en todo momento.  De esta manera nació la necesidad de realizar un estudio específico en estas empresas pertenecientes a la zona urbana del cantón Pelileo; en donde se aplicó la metodología no experimental de carácter descriptiva para determinar el conocimiento necesario de las nuevas tecnologías como apoyo a su desempeño y productividad. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el uso de las TIC en el desempeño de las PYMES del cantón Pelileo, a través de indicadores específicos que permitan identificar y mejorar su potencial de crecimiento económico a nivel nacional e internacional

Exploring the Impact of Nanoparticle Stealth Coatings in Cancer Models: From PEGylation to Cell Membrane-Coating Nanotechnology

Nanotechnological platforms offer advantages over conventional therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. However, the efficient biointerfacing of nanomaterials for biomedical applications remains challenging. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) with different coatings have been developed to reduce nonspecific interactions, prolong circulation time, and improve therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to compare various NP coatings to enhance surface engineering for more effective nanomedicines. We prepared and characterized polystyrene NPs with different coatings of poly(ethylene glycol), bovine serum albumin, chitosan, and cell membranes from a human breast cancer cell line. The coating was found to affect the colloidal stability, adhesion, and elastic modulus of NPs. Protein corona formation and cellular uptake of NPs were also investigated, and a 3D tumor model was employed to provide a more realistic representation of the tumor microenvironment. The prepared NPs were found to reduce protein adsorption, and cell-membrane-coated NPs showed significantly higher cellular uptake. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes after incubation with the prepared NPs was evaluated. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of coatings in affecting the behavior and interaction of nanosystems with biological entities. The findings provide insight into bionano interactions and are important for the effective implementation of stealth surface engineering designs.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” for funding RTI2018.101309B-C21, RTI2018.101309B−C22, PID2022- 140151OB-C21, PID2022-140151OB-C22, and PID2021- 124363OA-I00 projectsChair “Doctors Galera- Requena in cancer stem cell research”University of Granada Research plan for funding PPJIA2021.21 projectPh.D. student fellowship FPU18/05336 PRE2019-088029 and FPU19/02045Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBU

Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae como controladores compatibles y eficientes de insectos plaga en cultivos acuapónicos

The objective was to study the compatibility and efficiency of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of insect pests in cabbage and lettuce grown in an aquaponic system made up of Piaractus brachypomus tanks. Spore solutions of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were prepared. The data submitted to a Completely Random Design, with four treatments, three repetitions and the averages compared by the 5% Tukey test showed that B. bassiana + M. anisopliae caused 73% mortality of Bemisia tabaci on the underside of the lettuce leaves, B. bassiana revealed 84% mortality for Brevicoryne brassicae L. in the bundle of cabbage leaves in 23 days. On the underside of cabbage leaves, B. bassiana + M. anisopliae, showed 79% mortality in just 6 days and M. anisopliae 88% in 23 days after application. The entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana + M. anisopliae evaluated were effective for the control of whitefly on the underside of lettuce leaves. B. bassiana was more effective in controlling beam aphids and M. anisopliae on the underside of cabbage leaves during the second application.El objetivo fue estudiar la compatibilidad y eficiencia de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae para el control de insectos plagas en col y lechuga cultivados en un sistema acuapónico conformado por tanques de Piaractus brachypomus. Fueron preparadas soluciones de esporas de B. bassiana y M. anisopliae. Los datos sometidos a un Diseño Completamente Al Azar, con cuatro tratamientos, tres repeticiones y los promedios comparados por el test de Tukey a 5 % evidenciaron que B. bassiana + M. anisopliae ocasionó 73% de mortalidad de Bemisia tabaci en el envés de las hojas de lechuga, B. bassiana reveló 84% de mortalidad para Brevicoryne brassicae L. en el haz de las hojas de col en 23 días. En el envés de las hojas de col, B. bassiana + M. anisopliae, mostraron 79% de mortalidad en solo 6 días y M. anisopliae 88% en 23 días después de su aplicación. Los hongos entomopatógenos B. bassiana + M. anisopliae evaluados fueron eficaces para el control de mosca blanca en el envés de las hojas de lechuga. B. bassiana fue más eficaz en el control de los pulgones del haz y M. anisopliae en el envés de las hojas de col durante la segunda aplicación

Plant growth promotion in cereal and leguminous agricultural important plants: From microorganism capacities to crop production

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are free-living bacteria which actively colonize plant roots, exerting beneficial effects on plant development. The PGPR may (i) promote the plant growth either by using their own metabolism (solubilizing phosphates, producing hormones or fixing nitrogen) or directly affecting the plant metabolism (increasing the uptake of water and minerals), enhancing root development, increasing the enzymatic activity of the plant or “helping” other beneficial microorganisms to enhance their action on the plants; (ii) or may promote the plant growth by suppressing plant pathogens. These abilities are of great agriculture importance in terms of improving soil fertility and crop yield, thus reducing the negative impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment. The progress in the last decade in using PGPR in a variety of plants (maize, rice, wheat, soybean and bean) along with their mechanism of action are summarized and discussed here

EVALUACION DEL COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO DE Cyclanthera pedata EN UN CULTIVO ACUAPÓNICO Y CONVENCIONAL – YARINACOCHA

The aim of this research was to evaluate the productive behavior of Cyclanthera pedata in an aquaponic and conventional crop in the District of Yarinacocha, Ucayali Region. The aquaponic system was supported by the breeding of Piaractus brachypomus "Paco", conditioned in aging tanks. The seedlings were stored until they were 16.33 cm high, they were transplanted both in the log bed (with an irrigation system from the fish culture tanks, with 15 minutes of irrigation and 45 minutes of rest), as in ridges on the ground, the corresponding agronomic management was performed, the Completely Random Design (DCA) was applied, with 2 treatments and 3 repetitions; It was determined that, the aquaponics cultivation of caigua, presented higher values ​​for number of immature fruits, fruit weight, number of fruits per hectare and yield per hectare; while the conventional system was better in terms of fruit length;  no significant differences were found for the fruit diameter in each production system.  The production of the caigua was affected by the percentage of survival, the percentages being low in both systems.Se busca evaluar el comportamiento productivo de Cyclanthera pedata en un cultivo acuapónico y convencional en el Distrito de Yarinacocha, Región Ucayali. El sistema acuapónico estuvo sustentado por la crianza de Piaractus brachypomus “Paco”, acondicionados en tanques de crianza. Se realizó el almacigado de las plántulas hasta que tengan 16.33 cm de altura, se trasplantó en una cama de graba (con un sistema de riego proveniente de los tanques de cultivo de peces, con 15 minutos de riego y 45 minutos de descanso), y en camellones en el suelo, se realizó el manejo agronómico correspondiente, se aplicó un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA), con 2 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones; determinándose que, el cultivo de la caigua en un sistema acuapónico presentó mayores valores para  el peso de fruto, número de frutos por hectárea y rendimiento por hectárea; mientras que el sistema convencional, fue mejor en cuanto a la longitud de fruto; en cuanto al diámetro de fruto no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sistemas de cultivo

Usefulness of Serial Multiorgan Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Acute Heart Failure: Results from a Prospective Observational Cohort.

Background and Objectives: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common disease and a cause of high morbidity and mortality, constituting a major health problem. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of multiorgan ultrasound in identifying pulmonary hypertension (PH), a major prognostic factor in patients admitted due to AHF, and assess whether there are significant changes in the venous excess ultrasonography (VE US) score or femoral vein Doppler at discharge. Materials and Methods: Patients were evaluated with a standard protocol of lung ultrasound, echocardiography, inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic, portal, intra-renal and femoral vein Doppler flow patterns at admission and on the day of discharge. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled during November 2021. The mean age was seventy-nine years (Standard Deviation–SD 13.4). Seven patients (23.3%) had a worsening renal function during hospitalization. Regarding ultrasound findings, VE US score was calculated at admission and at discharge, unexpectedly remaining unchanged or even worsened (21 patients, 70.0%). The area under the curve for the lung score was 83.9% (p = 0.008), obtaining a cutoff value of 10 that showed a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 71.4% in the identification of intermediate and high PH. It was possible to monitor significant changes between both exams on the lung score (16.5 vs. 9.3; p < 0.001), improvement in the hepatic vein Doppler pattern (2.4 vs. 2.1; p = 0.002), improvement in portal vein Doppler pattern (1.7 vs. 1.4; p = 0.023), without significant changes in the intra-renal vein Doppler pattern (1.70 vs. 1.57; p = 0.293), VE US score (1.3 vs. 1.1; p = 0.501), femoral vein Doppler pattern (2.4 vs. 2.1; p = 0.161) and IVC collapsibility (2.0 vs. 2.1; p = 0.420). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that performing serial multiorgan Point-of-Care ultrasound can help us to better identify high and intermediate probability of PH patients with AHF. Currently proposed multi-organ, venous Doppler scanning protocols, such as the VE US score, should be further studied before expanding its use in AHF patients.post-print2977 K

Novedades corológicas para la flora vascular de la sierra de Gredos (Sistema Central, España)

In the present paper, 58 chorological novelties for Gredos range (Central System, Spain) are showed. Some of them represent important disjunctions with respect to known Iberian distribution, as the cases of Cytinus ruber (Fourr.) Fritsh, Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br., Alyssum montanum L. and Lysimachia ephemerum L. Some species, such as Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero, Iberodes brassicifolia (Lag.) Serrano, R. Carbajal & S. Ortiz, Lycopodiella inundata (L.) J. Holub and Tephroseris coincyi (Rouy) Holub are of great interest from a conservational point of view. Finally, we present a number of provincial novelties, mainly for Ávil

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in preventable mortality in urban areas of 33 Spanish cities, 1996–2007 (MEDEA project)

Background: Preventable mortality is a good indicator of possible problems to be investigated in the primary prevention chain, making it also a useful tool with which to evaluate health policies particularly public health policies. This study describes inequalities in preventable avoidable mortality in relation to socioeconomic status in small urban areas of thirty three Spanish cities, and analyses their evolution over the course of the periods 1996–2001 and 2002–2007. Methods: We analysed census tracts and all deaths occurring in the population residing in these cities from 1996 to 2007 were taken into account. The causes included in the study were lung cancer, cirrhosis, AIDS/HIV, motor vehicle traffic accidents injuries, suicide and homicide. The census tracts were classified into three groups, according their socioeconomic level. To analyse inequalities in mortality risks between the highest and lowest socioeconomic levels and over different periods, for each city and separating by sex, Poisson regression were used. Results: Preventable avoidable mortality made a significant contribution to general mortality (around 7.5%, higher among men), having decreased over time in men (12.7 in 1996–2001 and 10.9 in 2002–2007), though not so clearly among women (3.3% in 1996–2001 and 2.9% in 2002–2007). It has been observed in men that the risks of death are higher in areas of greater deprivation, and that these excesses have not modified over time. The result in women is different and differences in mortality risks by socioeconomic level could not be established in many cities. Conclusions: Preventable mortality decreased between the 1996–2001 and 2002–2007 periods, more markedly in men than in women. There were socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in most cities analysed, associating a higher risk of death with higher levels of deprivation. Inequalities have remained over the two periods analysed. This study makes it possible to identify those areas where excess preventable mortality was associated with more deprived zones. It is in these deprived zones where actions to reduce and monitor health inequalities should be put into place. Primary healthcare may play an important role in this process.This work was partly supported by the FIS-FEDER projects PI080330, PI081713, PI081978, PI0463/2010, PI081017, PI081785, PI081058, PI080142, and the FUNDACIÓN CAJAMURCIA project FFIS/CM10/27

Cancer mortality inequalities in urban areas: a Bayesian small area analysis in Spanish cities

Background: Intra-urban inequalities in mortality have been infrequently analysed in European contexts. The aim of the present study was to analyse patterns of cancer mortality and their relationship with socioeconomic deprivation in small areas in 11 Spanish cities. Methods: It is a cross-sectional ecological design using mortality data (years 1996-2003). Units of analysis were the census tracts. A deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. In order to control the variability in estimating the risk of dying we used Bayesian models. We present the RR of the census tract with the highest deprivation vs. the census tract with the lowest deprivation. Results: In the case of men, socioeconomic inequalities are observed in total cancer mortality in all cities, except in Castellon, Cordoba and Vigo, while Barcelona (RR = 1.53 95%CI 1.42-1.67), Madrid (RR = 1.57 95%CI 1.49-1.65) and Seville (RR = 1.53 95%CI 1.36-1.74) present the greatest inequalities. In general Barcelona and Madrid, present inequalities for most types of cancer. Among women for total cancer mortality, inequalities have only been found in Barcelona and Zaragoza. The excess number of cancer deaths due to socioeconomic deprivation was 16,413 for men and 1,142 for women. Conclusion: This study has analysed inequalities in cancer mortality in small areas of cities in Spain, not only relating this mortality with socioeconomic deprivation, but also calculating the excess mortality which may be attributed to such deprivation. This knowledge is particularly useful to determine which geographical areas in each city need intersectorial policies in order to promote a healthy environment.This article was partially supported by Fondo de Investigaciones Ssanitarias (FIS) projects numbers PI042013, PI040041, PI040170, PI040069, PI042602 PI040388, PI040489, PI042098 , PI041260, PI040399, PI081488 and by the CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain and by the program of “Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora (Carme Borrell)” funded by the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” and “Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya”