Tradução e validação para a língua portuguesa da escala de graduação da síndrome das pernas inquietas do Grupo Internacional do Estudo da Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic sensory-motor disorder characterized by unpleasant limb sensations and an irresistible urge to move. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group developed the Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLS) to assess the severity of RLS symptoms. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the IRLS into Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: The IRLS was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, analyzed, back translated to English, and compared to the original version. It was applied to 10 patients for cultural verification. The language was adjusted and the final version was administered to 30 patients (13 male, mean age 58.88±14.82). RESULTS: There was correlation among the IRLS evaluation of three experts. Many linguistic adaptations were required to achieve cultural adequacy and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed reliability of 80%. CONCLUSION: IRLS was translated, adapted, and validated to Brazilian Portuguese language, showing good reliability and validity.INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome das pernas inquietas (SPI) é uma doença crônica, sensório-motora, caracterizada por sensações desagradáveis nos membros e uma urgência em movimentá-los. O Grupo Internacional de Estudos da Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas desenvolveu a Escala de Graduação da Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas (EGSPI) para avaliar a gravidade dos sintomas da SPI. OBJETIVO: Traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar a EGSPI para o português do Brasil. MÉTODO: A escala foi vertida para o português, analisada, vertida novamente para o inglês e comparada com a versão original. Foi aplicada em 10 pacientes para adequação cultural. A linguagem foi ajustada e a versão final foi aplicada em 30 pacientes (13 homens, idade média de 58,88±14,82). RESULTADOS: Houve correlação da aplicação da escala entre três avaliadores. Foram necessárias adaptações lingüísticas para adequação cultural e o alfa de Chronbach mostrou confiabilidade de 80%. CONCLUSÃO: A EGSPI foi traduzida, adequada e validada para o português do Brasil, com boa validade e confiabilidade.Federal University of São Paulo Department of NeurologyFederal University of São Paulo Department of MedicineFederal University of São Paulo Hospital São Paulo Sleep LaboratoryUNIFESP, Department of NeurologyUNIFESP, Department of MedicineUNIFESP, Hospital São Paulo Sleep LaboratorySciEL

BRS Antares e BRS Facual novas cultivares de algodão indicadas para o Estado de Rondônia.

bitstream/item/76709/1/FOL-6106-0001.pd

Asphaltenes conversion by chemical modification

Canadian oilsands bitumen contains one of the highest amounts of asphaltenes (16-20 wt %) among all crude oils. Asphaltenes are the lowest value fraction of bitumen. It differs from the other fractions of bitumen because of its insolubility in paraffinic solvents. Asphaltenes are insoluble in paraffinic solvents because their molecules can aggregate and also because they have high molecular mass, high heteroatom content, and presence of large ring structures. Asphaltenes could be converted into more valuable products by modifying the properties responsible for insolubility in paraffinic solvents. The disaggregation of asphaltenes molecules by different chemical conversions was considered in this study. The objective was to explore new conversion strategies that were not already being applied by industry. The work focused on three conversion pathways: halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, and donor-acceptor reaction by acid treatment. Halogenation reactions had the objective of weakening π-π stacking of aromatic sheets in asphaltenes. Even though ~5 wt % increase of lighter boiling fractions was observed, the products were harder (penetration hardness). The solubility of asphaltenes in various solvents decreased after halogenation reaction. These changes could benefit road paving applications, but not oil upgrading, althouth it was observed that halogenation could demetalate porphyrins in bitumen and maltenes. In order to gain a better fundamental understanding of the influence of halogenation, hardness and demetalation of porphyrins were investigated with model compounds. The results showed that hardness was caused mainly by increased hydrogen bonding. A 74 % decrease of the nickel content in model compounds was observed due to acid-base and metal-ligand equilibrium disruption by bromine. The work also suggested that chloride salts originally present in bitumen could potentially influence coke chemistry and coke yield during bitumen upgrading. Friedel-Crafts alkylation had the objective of disrupting hydrogen bonding in asphaltenes by removal of alcohol groups or convertion of alcohol groups into ethers. The study employed FeCl3 as catalyst and o-xylene and methanol as alkylating agents, targeting alkylation of alcohols and thiols specifically. Alkylation of asphaltenes with o-xylene resulted in 6 % conversion of asphaltenes to maltenes and an increase of 9 % in straight run distillate and vacuum gas oil. Alkylation of asphaltenes with methanol was not beneficial. Model compounds were used to understand the chemistry and observed results. Alkylation of 2-naphthol showed that the two dominant reactions were dimerization of 2-naphthol and coordination with iron. Alkylation with methanol resulted in chlorination of the product by the catalyst. Alkylation of dibenzyl ether showed that ether bonds were cleaved by FeCl3 catalyst, which was followed by C-alkylation with o-xylene. The slight conversion of asphaltenes into maltenes is better explained by C-alkylation after ether cleavage than hydrogen bonding disruption. Disruption of metal-bridged structures in asphaltenes was also investigated. Divalent metals responsible for keeping smaller molecules together were removed with hydrochloric acid. The total of divalent metals removed from asphaltenes was about 2600 μg/g, iron was the metal most affected by acid washing. Around 8 % of asphaltenes could be converted into maltenes. The micro carbon residue of asphaltenes after demetalation decreased from 45 to 40 wt %. This investigation also highlighted the potential role of phenolic to phenoxide conversion in the formation of emulsions. The new conversion strategies investigated did not result in significant asphaltenes to maltenes conversion, but the investigation contributed to the fundamental understanding of asphaltenes conversion, and in particular, reactions involving halogens and acidic compounds

A rare cause of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction:case report of native aortic valve thrombosis

Background One to 13% of all patients with the clinical diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) show no evidence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease on angiography. Less common causes should be considered in those situations. A very rare cause of ACS is native aortic valve thrombosis. Case summary A 69-year-old previously healthy woman presented with acute chest pain. The electrocardiogram showed an anterolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). She was immediately transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Shortly after arriving in hospital her condition deteriorated, with development of cardiogenic shock necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A coronary angiogram was performed during resuscitation that did not reveal any obstructive coronary artery disease. Echocardiography showed no pericardial effusion, no significant left-sided valve pathology, no signs of an aortic dissection or pulmonary embolism. She died of cardiogenic shock of unknown cause. Permission for autopsy was obtained. Pathologic examination revealed a large anterolateral myocardial infarction caused by a mass attached to the bottom of the left coronary cusp of the native aortic valve, which was large enough to occlude the ostium of the left main coronary artery. Microscopic analysis showed a thrombus of unknown origin. The aortic valve itself showed no signs of pathology. Discussion An ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to native aortic valve thrombosis is a rare condition, especially when there are no significant valvular abnormalities. This case demonstrates that thrombosis can develop in an apparently healthy middle-aged woman without any history of thrombotic disease

Zoneamento agroecológico do município de Lagoa Seca, PB.

Visa-se, cinzelar, neste estudo um zoneamento em que se considerem os aspectos agrícolas, ecológicos e sociais inerentes ao município de Lagoa Seca, PB, elaborado através da análise dos vários cenários apresentados na área. O uso de um conjunto de recursos, como fotointerpretação, processamento de imagens georreferenciadas, posicionamento por satélites, associados à teoria sistêmica de Bertrand, possibilitou a identificação, delimitação e análise das áreas de uso antrópico, agrícola e das áreas com remanescentes vegetais significativos, que caracterizam o município. Foram elaborados para a área em estudo, arquivos digitais georreferenciados, relativos aos temas: limite municipal, áreas urbanizadas, infra-estrutura viária, rede de drenagem, altimetria, cobertura vegetal natural, uso agrícola do solo e zoneamento. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o município apresenta quatro regiões com aspectos distintos, as quais foram identificadas como regiões agroecológicas, de acordo com o fator que mais se destacou em cada área

GALILEO, an inteligent system to support the experimental design planning in agriculture.

In this paper the expert system approach is proposed to assist the agricultural researcher in selecting an appropriate design of experiments. A prototype of this system, named GALILEO, is introduced. A generic session of the system has two steps, the firstis the classification of the researcher demand in five possible types: exploratory research, hypothesis test, parameter estimation, comparison of alternatives, and estimation of populational parameters; and the second is the definition of the bettter experimental design, according to the objectives of the research, the informations about the environment, and the existence of constraints. The experimental designs considered were completely randomized, randomized blocks, split-plot, and factorial, with theirscombinations; in sampling were considered simple randomized and stratified. An example is given that illustrates an application of the system and future extensions are proposed. It is also presented a lettle glossary of statistics terms used in the text.Anais editados em 4 disquetes 3 1/2

Combinando técnicas não-supervisionadas e supervisionadas para explanação de agrupamentos.

A descoberta de conhecimento a partir de dados não classificados compreende duas tarefas principais: a identificação de "grupos naturais" e a análise destes grupos de modo a interpretar o seu significado. Estas tarefas são realizadas através do aprendizado não-supervisionado e supervisionado, respectivamente, correspondendo também às fases de taxonomia e explanação do processo de descoberta descrito por Langley [LAN 98]. A pesquisa em Descoberta de Conhecimento em Bases de Dados (DCBD) tem atacado estasduas fases segundo duas dimensões: (1) tornando os algoritmos de aprendizado aptos para executar bases de dados cada vez maiores, e (2) facilitando o processo completo de descoberta de conhecimento de maneira análoga ao que fazem as ferramentas CASE com relação à Engenharia de Software. Conforme descrito por Langley, o objetivo principal na descoberta de conhecimento em dados não classificados é a obtenção de descrições de potenciais classes no sub-espaço das dimensões dos objetos. Neste mesmo sentido, Wittgeinstein (op. cit. in [HAN 90]) advoga que os conceitos possuem uma natureza politética, i.e., eles podem ser descritos de muitas formas, compartilhando um número de características comuns, sem que nenhuma delas seja essencial para descrever o conceito. Outros trabalhos como [EAS 85] e [MUR 85] reforçam esta visão do processo dedescoberta de conhecimento de dados não classificados. Pelas referências acima, fica evidente que as duas tarefas - taxonomia e explanação - compõem na verdade um únicoprocesso

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201