A logística na cadeia de frio em Portugal: transporte de produtos perecíveis congelados

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia MecânicaEste trabalho é o resultado de uma dissertação de mestrado no âmbito do 2º ano de Mestrado em Energia, Refrigeração e Climatização do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, e vai desenvolver- se numa empresa que comercializa e distribui uma vasta gama de produtos originários do mar, com maior incidência no peixe congelado e marisco. No contexto atual da sociedade e face às exigências do mercado e dos Clientes, o transporte do produto congelado é um tema da atualidade e que reveste de importância crucial, uma vez que deve ser garantido que o produto perecível foi transportado dentro dos padrões legais de conservação e transporte e sem interrupção na cadeia logística. O principal objetivo do projeto foi identificar qual o método mais adequado de transporte rodoviário de produtos perecíveis congelados (peixe), e analisar a importância da minimização da variação da temperatura na gestão do transporte de produtos perecíveis (TPP), integrada na Supply Chain Management (SCM). Apurar quais as causas e as consequências das variações de temperatura e as medidas a implementar para minimizar o seu impacto, numa perspetiva logística. As medições das variações térmicas foram realizadas no interior da caixa isotérmica com o recurso a equipamentos de medição de temperatura, “Data Logger” e o “Termopar”, tendo sido coletados os dados que após análise foram produzidas as respetivas conclusões. De modo a avaliar esta temática foi elaborada uma revisão de literatura qualificada, base da em artigos científicos, livros da especialidade, teses e dissertações. O estudo foi realizado numa Empresa de dimensão média, localizada nos arredores de Lisboa, que realiza o transporte de peixe congelado e marisco. O referido estudo permitiu concluir que existem variações térmicas à medida que se aproxima do ponto de distribuição final e apresentadas soluções para a minimização deste problema.Abstract: This work aims is the resu lt of a master's thesis under the 2nd year of Master in Energy, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, and will develop a company that markets and distributes a wide range of products originating Sea, focusing on the frozen fish and seafood. In the current context of society and meet the demands of the market and customers, the transport of frozen product is a topical issue and of crucial importance, since it must be ensured that the perishable product has been transported within the legal conservation standards and transportation and rolling in the logistics chain. The main objective of the project was to identify the most appropriate method of road transport frozen perishable products (fish), and analyse the i mportance of minimizing the variation of temperature in the transport of perishables management (TPP), part of the Supply Chain Management (SCM). Which determine the causes and consequences of temperature changes and the measures to be implemented to minimize its impact on a logistics perspective. Measurements were made of the thermal variations within the isothermal box with the use of temperature measuring devices, " Data Logger" and "Thermocouple", the data having been collected which after analysis the respective conclusions were produced. In order to assess this issue was elaborated a qualified literature review based on scientific papers, specialty books, theses and dissertations. The study was performed in a medium- sized company located in the outskirt s of Lisbon, which transports frozen fish and seafood. The study concluded that there are temperature changes as it approaches the final distribution point and presented solutions to minimize this problem

Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease

We identified rare coding variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a 3-stage case-control study of 85,133 subjects. In stage 1, 34,174 samples were genotyped using a whole-exome microarray. In stage 2, we tested associated variants (P<1×10-4) in 35,962 independent samples using de novo genotyping and imputed genotypes. In stage 3, an additional 14,997 samples were used to test the most significant stage 2 associations (P<5×10-8) using imputed genotypes. We observed 3 novel genome-wide significant (GWS) AD associated non-synonymous variants; a protective variant in PLCG2 (rs72824905/p.P522R, P=5.38×10-10, OR=0.68, MAFcases=0.0059, MAFcontrols=0.0093), a risk variant in ABI3 (rs616338/p.S209F, P=4.56×10-10, OR=1.43, MAFcases=0.011, MAFcontrols=0.008), and a novel GWS variant in TREM2 (rs143332484/p.R62H, P=1.55×10-14, OR=1.67, MAFcases=0.0143, MAFcontrols=0.0089), a known AD susceptibility gene. These protein-coding changes are in genes highly expressed in microglia and highlight an immune-related protein-protein interaction network enriched for previously identified AD risk genes. These genetic findings provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated innate immune response contributes directly to AD development

A novel Alzheimer disease locus located near the gene encoding tau protein

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordAPOE ε4, the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), may mask effects of other loci. We re-analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) Consortium in APOE ε4+ (10 352 cases and 9207 controls) and APOE ε4- (7184 cases and 26 968 controls) subgroups as well as in the total sample testing for interaction between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and APOE ε4 status. Suggestive associations (P<1 × 10-4) in stage 1 were evaluated in an independent sample (stage 2) containing 4203 subjects (APOE ε4+: 1250 cases and 536 controls; APOE ε4-: 718 cases and 1699 controls). Among APOE ε4- subjects, novel genome-wide significant (GWS) association was observed with 17 SNPs (all between KANSL1 and LRRC37A on chromosome 17 near MAPT) in a meta-analysis of the stage 1 and stage 2 data sets (best SNP, rs2732703, P=5·8 × 10-9). Conditional analysis revealed that rs2732703 accounted for association signals in the entire 100-kilobase region that includes MAPT. Except for previously identified AD loci showing stronger association in APOE ε4+ subjects (CR1 and CLU) or APOE ε4- subjects (MS4A6A/MS4A4A/MS4A6E), no other SNPs were significantly associated with AD in a specific APOE genotype subgroup. In addition, the finding in the stage 1 sample that AD risk is significantly influenced by the interaction of APOE with rs1595014 in TMEM106B (P=1·6 × 10-7) is noteworthy, because TMEM106B variants have previously been associated with risk of frontotemporal dementia. Expression quantitative trait locus analysis revealed that rs113986870, one of the GWS SNPs near rs2732703, is significantly associated with four KANSL1 probes that target transcription of the first translated exon and an untranslated exon in hippocampus (P≤1.3 × 10-8), frontal cortex (P≤1.3 × 10-9) and temporal cortex (P≤1.2 × 10-11). Rs113986870 is also strongly associated with a MAPT probe that targets transcription of alternatively spliced exon 3 in frontal cortex (P=9.2 × 10-6) and temporal cortex (P=2.6 × 10-6). Our APOE-stratified GWAS is the first to show GWS association for AD with SNPs in the chromosome 17q21.31 region. Replication of this finding in independent samples is needed to verify that SNPs in this region have significantly stronger effects on AD risk in persons lacking APOE ε4 compared with persons carrying this allele, and if this is found to hold, further examination of this region and studies aimed at deciphering the mechanism(s) are warranted

Author Correction: Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing (Nature Genetics, (2019), 51, 3, (414-430), 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Author Correction: Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer\u27s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease.

We identified rare coding variants associated with Alzheimer's disease in a three-stage case-control study of 85,133 subjects. In stage 1, we genotyped 34,174 samples using a whole-exome microarray. In stage 2, we tested associated variants (P < 1 × 10-4) in 35,962 independent samples using de novo genotyping and imputed genotypes. In stage 3, we used an additional 14,997 samples to test the most significant stage 2 associations (P < 5 × 10-8) using imputed genotypes. We observed three new genome-wide significant nonsynonymous variants associated with Alzheimer's disease: a protective variant in PLCG2 (rs72824905: p.Pro522Arg, P = 5.38 × 10-10, odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, minor allele frequency (MAF)cases = 0.0059, MAFcontrols = 0.0093), a risk variant in ABI3 (rs616338: p.Ser209Phe, P = 4.56 × 10-10, OR = 1.43, MAFcases = 0.011, MAFcontrols = 0.008), and a new genome-wide significant variant in TREM2 (rs143332484: p.Arg62His, P = 1.55 × 10-14, OR = 1.67, MAFcases = 0.0143, MAFcontrols = 0.0089), a known susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease. These protein-altering changes are in genes highly expressed in microglia and highlight an immune-related protein-protein interaction network enriched for previously identified risk genes in Alzheimer's disease. These genetic findings provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated innate immune response contributes directly to the development of Alzheimer's disease