929 research outputs found
Kinetic Equations for Longwavelength Excitations of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
We show that longwavelength excitations of the quark-gluon plasma are
described by simple kinetic equations which represent the exact equations of
motion at leading order in . Properties of the so-called ``hard thermal
loops'', i.e. the dominant contributions to amplitudes with soft external
lines, find in this approach a natural explanation. In particular, their
generating functional appears here as the effective action describing long
wavelength excitations of the plasma.Comment: January 8, 1993; 8 pages; SPhT/93-
Lifetime of quasiparticles in hot QED plasmas
The calculation of the lifetime of quasiparticles in a QED plasma at high
temperature remains plagued with infrared divergences, even after one has taken
into account the screening corrections. The physical processes responsible for
these divergences are the collisions involving the exchange of very soft,
unscreened, magnetic photons, whose contribution is enhanced by the thermal
Bose-Einstein occupation factor. The self energy diagrams which diverge in
perturbation theory contain no internal fermion loops, but an arbitrary number
of internal magnetostatic photon lines. By generalizing the Bloch-Nordsieck
model at finite temperature, we can resum all the singular contributions of
such diagrams, and obtain the correct long time behaviour of the retarded
fermion propagator in the hot QED plasma: , where is the plasma frequency and
.Comment: 13 pages, LaTe
Non-Abelian Excitations of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
We present new, non-abelian, solutions to the equations of motion which
describe the collective excitations of a quark-gluon plasma at high
temperature. These solutions correspond to spatially uniform color
oscillations.Comment: 8 pages LaTex, 1 figure (not included; available upon request),
Saclay preprint T94/0
Differential Cross Sections for Higgs Boson Production at Tevatron Collider Energies
The transverse momentum distribution is computed for inclusive Higgs
boson production at TeV. We include all-orders resummation of
large logarithms associated with emission of soft gluons at small . We
provide results for Higgs boson and masses from to 200 GeV. The
relatively hard transverse momentum distribution for Higgs boson production
suggests possibilities for improvement of the signal to background ratio.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 7 figure
Superconducting instability in 3 band metallic nanotubes
Motivated by recent experiments on small radius nanotubes, we study the
superconducting instabilities of cylindrical (5,0) nanotubes. According to band
structure calculations, thesenanotubes possess three bands at the Fermi energy.
Using a fermionic renormalization group approach and a careful bosonization
treatment,we consider the effect of different attractive interactions, mediated
by phonons, within the Luttinger Liquid framework. We particularly focus on a
superconducting instability specific to the three bands model we consider for
the description of these
(5,0) cylindrical nanotubes.Comment: RevTeX 4, 17 pages, 10 EPS figure
Statics and dynamics of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 ladders in a magnetic field
We investigate weakly coupled spin-1/2 ladders in a magnetic field. The work
is motivated by recent experiments on the compound (C5H12N)2CuBr4 (BPCB). We
use a combination of numerical and analytical methods, in particular the
density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique, to explore the phase
diagram and the excitation spectra of such a system. We give detailed results
on the temperature dependence of the magnetization and the specific heat, and
the magnetic field dependence of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
relaxation rate of single ladders. For coupled ladders, treating the weak
interladder coupling within a mean-field or quantum Monte Carlo approach, we
compute the transition temperature of triplet condensation and its
corresponding antiferromagnetic order parameter. Existing experimental
measurements are discussed and compared to our theoretical results. Furthermore
we compute, using time dependent DMRG, the dynamical correlations of a single
spin ladder. Our results allow to directly describe the inelastic neutron
scattering cross section up to high energies. We focus on the evolution of the
spectra with the magnetic field and compare their behavior for different
couplings. The characteristic features of the spectra are interpreted using
different analytical approaches such as the mapping onto a spin chain, a
Luttinger liquid (LL) or onto a t-J model. For values of parameters for which
such measurements exist, we compare our results to inelastic neutron scattering
experiments on the compound BPCB and find excellent agreement. We make
additional predictions for the high energy part of the spectrum that are
potentially testable in future experiments.Comment: 35 pages, 26 figure
Impact of Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy for Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock – A Quality Improvement Study
Background
There is ample literature available on the association between both time to antibiotics and appropriateness of antibiotics and clinical outcomes from sepsis. In fact, the current state of debate surrounds the balance to be struck between prompt empirical therapy and care in the choice of appropriate antibiotics (both in terms of the susceptibility of infecting organism and minimizing resistance arising from use of broad-spectrum agents). The objective of this study is to determine sepsis bundle compliance and the appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock and its impact on outcomes. Material
This study was conducted in the ICU of a tertiary care, private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from July 2005 to December 2012 in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Results
A total of 1,279 patients were identified with severe sepsis and septic shock, of which 358 (32.1%) had bloodstream infection (BSI). The inpatient mortality rate was 29%. In evaluation of the sepsis bundle, over time there was a progressive increase in serum arterial lactate collection, obtaining blood cultures prior to antibiotic administration, administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour, and administration of appropriate antimicrobials, with statistically significant differences in the later years of the study. We also observed a significant decrease in mortality. In patients with bloodstream infection, after adjustment for other covariates the administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy was associated with a decrease in mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock (p = 0.023). Conclusions
The administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy was independently associated with a decline in mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock due to bloodstream infection. As protocol adherence increased over time, the crude mortality rate decreased, which reinforces the need to implement institutional guidelines and monitor appropriate antimicrobial therapy compliance
Lifetimes of quasiparticles and collective excitations in hot QED plasmas
The perturbative calculation of the lifetime of fermion excitations in a QED
plasma at high temperature is plagued with infrared divergences which are not
eliminated by the screening corrections. The physical processes responsible for
these divergences are the collisions involving the exchange of longwavelength,
quasistatic, magnetic photons, which are not screened by plasma effects. The
leading divergences can be resummed in a non-perturbative treatement based on a
generalization of the Bloch-Nordsieck model at finite temperature. The
resulting expression of the fermion propagator is free of infrared problems,
and exhibits a {\it non-exponential} damping at large times: , where is the plasma
frequency and .Comment: LaTex file, 57 pages, 11 eps figures include
Galaxy Zoo: Are Bars Responsible for the Feeding of Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.2 < z < 1.0?
We present a new study investigating whether active galactic nuclei (AGN)
beyond the local universe are preferentially fed via large-scale bars. Our
investigation combines data from Chandra and Galaxy Zoo: Hubble (GZH) in the
AEGIS, COSMOS, and GOODS-S surveys to create samples of face-on, disc galaxies
at 0.2 < z < 1.0. We use a novel method to robustly compare a sample of 120 AGN
host galaxies, defined to have 10^42 erg/s < L_X < 10^44 erg/s, with inactive
control galaxies matched in stellar mass, rest-frame colour, size, Sersic
index, and redshift. Using the GZH bar classifications of each sample, we
demonstrate that AGN hosts show no statistically significant enhancement in bar
fraction or average bar likelihood compared to closely-matched inactive
galaxies. In detail, we find that the AGN bar fraction cannot be enhanced above
the control bar fraction by more than a factor of two, at 99.7% confidence. We
similarly find no significant difference in the AGN fraction among barred and
non-barred galaxies. Thus we find no compelling evidence that large-scale bars
directly fuel AGN at 0.2<z<1.0. This result, coupled with previous results at
z=0, implies that moderate-luminosity AGN have not been preferentially fed by
large-scale bars since z=1. Furthermore, given the low bar fractions at z>1,
our findings suggest that large-scale bars have likely never directly been a
dominant fueling mechanism for supermassive black hole growth.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted by MNRA
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