232 research outputs found
Comments on alternative calculations of the broadening of spectral lines of neutral sodium by H-atom collisions
With the exception of the sodium D-lines recent calculations of line
broadening cross-sections for several multiplets of sodium by Leininger et al
(2000) are in substantial disagreement with cross-sections interpolated from
the tables of Anstee and O'Mara (1995) and Barklem and O'Mara (1997). The
discrepancy is as large as a factor of three for the 3p-4d multiplet. The two
theories are tested by using the results of each to synthesize lines in the
solar spectrum. It is found that generally the data from the theory of Anstee,
Barklem and O'Mara produce the best match to the observed solar spectrum. It is
found, using a simple model for reflection of the optical electron by the
potential barrier between the two atoms, that the reflection coefficient is too
large for avoided crossings with the upper states of subordinate lines to
contribute to line broadening, supporting the neglect of avoided ionic
crossings by Anstee, Barklem and O'Mara for these lines. The large
discrepancies between the two sets of calculations is a result of an
approximate treatment of avoided ionic crossings for these lines by Leininger
et al (2000).Comment: 18 pages, 5 ps figures included, to appear in J Phys B: At. Mol. Opt.
Phy
Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars
We present the detailed spectroscopic analysis of 72 evolved stars, including
the [Fe/H] determination for the whole sample. These metallicities, together
with the Teff values and the absolute V magnitude derived from Hipparcos
parallaxes, are used to estimate basic stellar parameters (ages, masses, radii,
(B-V)o and log g using theoretical isochrones and a Bayesian estimation method.
The (B-V)o values so estimated turn out to be in excellent agreement with the
observed (B-V), confirming the reliability of the (Teff,(B-V)o) relation used
in the isochrones. The estimated diameters have been compared with limb
darkening-corrected ones measured with independent methods, finding an
agreement better than 0.3 mas within the 1-10 mas interval. We derive the
age-metallicity relation for the solar neighborhood; for the first time such a
relation has been derived from observations of field giants rather than from
open clusters and field dwarfs and subdwarfs. The age-metallicity relation is
characterized by close-to-solar metallicities for stars younger than ~4 Gyr,
and by a large [Fe/H] spread with a trend towards lower metallicities for
higher ages. We find that the [Fe/H] dispersion of young stars (less than 1
Gyr) is comparable to the observational errors, indicating that stars in the
solar neighbourhood are formed from interstellar matter of quite homogeneous
chemical composition. The three giants of our sample which have been proposed
to host planets are not metal rich, what is at odds with those for main
sequence stars. However, two of these stars have masses much larger than a
solar mass so we may be sampling a different stellar population from most
radial velocity searches for extrasolar planets. We also confirm that the
radial velocity variability tends to increase along the RGB.Comment: 17 pgs, 19 fig
Long-term quality of life after surgery of head and neck cancer with microvascular reconstruction: a prospective study with 4.9-years follow-up
PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of head and neck cancer patients with microvascular surgery. Surgical treatment causes great changes in patient HRQoL. Studies focusing on long-term HRQoL after microvascular reconstruction for head and neck cancer patients are scarce.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 93 patients with head and neck cancer and microvascular reconstruction in Helsinki University Hospital Finland. HRQoL was measured using the 15D instrument at baseline and after a mean 4.9-years follow up. Results were compared with those of an age-standardized general population.ResultsOf the 93 patients, 61 (66%) were alive after follow-up; of these, 42 (69%) answered the follow-up questionnaire. The median time between surgery and HRQoL assessment was 4.9Â years (range 3.7â7.8Â years). The mean 15D score of all patients (nâ=â42) at the 4.9-years follow up was statistically significantly (pâ=â0.010) and clinically importantly lower than at baseline. The dimensions of âspeechâ and âusual activitiesâ were significantly impaired at the end of follow up. There was a significant difference at the 4.9-years follow-up in the mean 15D score between patients and the general population (pâ=â0.014). After follow up, patients were significantly (pâConclusionsLong-term HRQoL was significantly reduced in the whole patient cohort. Speech and usual activities were the most affected dimensions in head and neck cancer patients with microvascular reconstruction at the end of the 4.9-years follow up.</p
Dynamic Measurements of Membrane Insertion Potential of Synthetic Cell Penetrating Peptides
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Langmuir, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://doi.org/10.1021/la403370p.Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as excellent candidates for mediating drug delivery into cells. When designing synthetic CPPs for drug delivery applications, it is important to understand their ability to penetrate the cell membrane. In this paper, anionic or zwitterionic phospholipid monolayers at the air-water interface are used as model cell membranes to monitor the membrane insertion potential of synthetic CPPs. The insertion potential of CPPs having different cationic and hydrophobic amino acids were recorded using a Langmuir monolayer approach that records peptide adsorption to model membranes. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize alterations in phospholipid packing due to peptide insertion. All CPPs had the highest penetration potential in the presence of anionic phospholipids. In addition, two of three amphiphilic CPPs inserted into zwitterionic phospholipids, but none of the hydrophilic CPPs did. All the CPPs studied induced disruptions in phospholipid packing and domain morphology, which were most pronounced for amphiphilic CPPs. Overall, small changes to amino acids and peptide sequences resulted in dramatically different insertion potentials and membrane reorganization. Designers of synthetic CPPs for efficient intracellular drug delivery should consider small nuances in CPP electrostatic and hydrophobic properties
Subgiants as probes of galactic chemical evolution
Chemical abundances for 23 candidate subgiant stars have been derived with
the aim at exploring their usefulness for studies of galactic chemical
evolution. High-resolution spectra from ESO CAT-CES and NOT-SOFIN covered 16
different spectral regions in the visible part of the spectrum. Some 200
different atomic and molecular spectral lines have been used for abundance
analysis of about 30 elemental species. The wings of strong, pressure-broadened
metal lines were used for determination of stellar surface gravities, which
have been compared with gravities derived from Hipparcos parallaxes and
isochronic masses. Stellar space velocities have been derived from Hipparcos
and Simbad data, and ages and masses were derived with recent isochrones. Only
12 of the stars turned out to be subgiants, i.e. on the "horizontal" part of
the evolutionary track between the dwarf- and the giant stages. The abundances
derived for the subgiants correspond closely to those of dwarf stars.
With the possible exceptions of lithium and carbon we find that subgiant
stars show no "chemical" traces of post-main-sequence evolution and that they
are therefore very useful targets for studies of galactic chemical evolution.Comment: A&A LaTeX, 21 pages, 17 b/w figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics in
pres
Coude-feed stellar spectral library - atmospheric parameters
Context: Empirical libraries of stellar spectra play an important role in
different fields. For example, they are used as reference for the automatic
determination of atmospheric parameters, or for building synthetic stellar
populations to study galaxies. The CFLIB (Coude-feed library, Indo-US) database
is at present one of the most complete libraries, in terms of its coverage of
the atmospheric parameters space (Teff, log g and [Fe/H]) and wavelength
coverage 3460 - 9464 A at a resolution of 1 A FWHM. Although the atmospheric
parameters of most of the stars were determined from detailed analyses of
high-resolution spectra, for nearly 300 of the 1273 stars of the library at
least one of the three parameters is missing. For the others, the measurements,
compiled from the literature, are inhomogeneous.
Aims: In this paper, we re-determine the atmospheric parameters, directly
using the CFLIB spectra, and compare them to the previous studies.
Methods: We use the ULySS program to derive the atmospheric parameters, using
the ELODIE library as a reference.
Results: Based on comparisons with several previous studies we conclude that
our determinations are unbiased. For the 958 F,G, and K type stars the
precision on Teff, log g, and [Fe/H] is respectively 43 K, 0.13 dex and 0.05
dex. For the 53 M stars they are 82 K, 0.22 dex and 0.28 dex. And, for the 260
OBA type stars the relative precision on Teff is 5.1%, and on log g, and [Fe/H]
the precision is respectively 0.19 dex and 0.16 dex. These parameters will be
used to re-calibrate the CFLIB fluxes and to produce synthetic spectra of
stellar populations.Comment: 51 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Environmental differences between sites control the diet and nutrition of the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia
Background and aims:
Carnivorous plants are sensitive to small changes in resource availability, but few previous studies have examined how differences in nutrient and prey availability affect investment in and the benefit of carnivory. We studied the impact of site-level differences in resource availability on ecophysiological traits of carnivory for Drosera rotundifolia L.
Methods:
We measured prey availability, investment in carnivory (leaf stickiness), prey capture and diet of plants growing in two bogs with differences in N deposition and plant available N: Cors Fochno (0.62 g mâ2 yr.â1, 353 ÎŒg lâ1), Whixall Moss (1.37 g mâ2 yr.â1, 1505 ÎŒg lâ1). The total N amount per plant and the contributions of prey/root N to the plantsâ N budget were calculated using a single isotope natural abundance method.
Results:
Plants at Whixall Moss invested less in carnivory, were less likely to capture prey, and were less reliant on prey-derived N (25.5% compared with 49.4%). Actual prey capture did not differ between sites. Diet composition differed â Cors Fochno plants captured 62% greater proportions of Diptera.
Conclusions:
Our results show site-level differences in plant diet and nutrition consistent with differences in resource availability. Similarity in actual prey capture may be explained by differences in leaf stickiness and prey abundance
Why nature matters:A systematic review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values
In this article, we present results from a literature review of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values of nature conducted for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, as part of the Methodological Assessment of the Diverse Values and Valuations of Nature. We identify the most frequently recurring meanings in the heterogeneous use of different value types and their association with worldviews and other key concepts. From frequent uses, we determine a core meaning for each value type, which is sufficiently inclusive to serve as an umbrella over different understandings in the literature and specific enough to help highlight its difference from the other types of values. Finally, we discuss convergences, overlapping areas, and fuzzy boundaries between different value types to facilitate dialogue, reduce misunderstandings, and improve the methods for valuation of nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem services, to inform policy and direct future research.</p
Intra-articular morphine versus bupivacaine for knee motion among patients with osteoarthritis: randomized double-blind clinical trial
Astrobiologically Interesting Stars within 10 parsecs of the Sun
The existence of life based on carbon chemistry and water oceans relies upon
planetary properties, chiefly climate stability, and stellar properties, such
as mass, age, metallicity and Galactic orbits. The latter can be well
constrained with present knowledge. We present a detailed, up-to-date
compilation of the atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, multiplicity
and degree of chromospheric activity for the astrobiologically interesting
solar-type stars within 10 parsecs of the Sun. We determine their state of
evolution, masses, ages and space velocities, and produce an optimized list of
candidates that merit serious scientific consideration by the future
space-based interferometry probes aimed at directly detecting Earth-sized
extrasolar planets and seeking spectroscopic infrared biomarkers as evidence of
photosynthetic life. The initially selected stars number 33 solar-type within
the population of 182 stars (excluding late M-dwarfs) closer than 10 pc. A
comprehensive and detailed data compilation for these objects is still
essentially lacking: a considerable amount of recent data has so far gone
unexplored in this context. We present 13 objects as the nearest "biostars",
after eliminating multiple stars, young, chromospherically active, hard X-ray
emitting stars, and low metallicity objects. Three of these "biostars", HD
1581, 109358 and 115617, closely reproduce most of the solar properties and are
considered as premier targets. We show that approximately 7% of the nearby
stars are optimally interesting targets for exobiology.Comment: 36 pages, recommended for publication in Astrobiolog
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