The impacts of EU accession on the agricultural prices, production patterns and farmers' income in Bulgaria

Accession to the European Union is expected to intensify the competitive pressure and substantially alter the political - economic condition in Bulgaria. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). It is based on results which are calculated using EISM (European Simulation Model). The model covers the supply of eighth primary agricultural commodities (wheat, maize, barley, sunflower seed, beef, pork and poultry meat, milk) and demand for food products from Bulgaria. The paper consists of short description of the modeling approach then the assumptions which have been made regarding the preliminary negotiations for accession are explained. Subsequently the evaluation of the impacts of accession focused on change in producer prices, production and incomes from farming.Farm Management,

Stellar population models in the UV, I : characterisation of the New Generation Stellar Library

Context. The spectral predictions of stellar population models are not as accurate in the ultra-violet (UV) as in the optical wavelength domain. One of the reasons is the lack of high-quality stellar libraries. The New Generation Stellar Library (NGSL), recently released, represents a significant step towards the improvement of this situation. Aims. To prepare NGSL for population synthesis, we determined the atmospheric parameters of its stars, we assessed the precision of the wavelength calibration and characterised its intrinsic resolution. We also measured the Galactic extinction for each of the NGSL stars. Methods. For our analyses we used ULySS, a full spectrum fitting package, fitting the NGSL spectra against the MILES interpolator. Results. We find that the wavelength calibration is precise up to 0.1 px, after correcting a systematic effect in the optical range. The spectral resolution varies from 3 angstrom in the UV to 10 angstrom in the near-infrared (NIR), corresponding to a roughly constant reciprocal resolution R = lambda/delta lambda approximate to 1000 and an instrumental velocity dispersion sigma(sins) approximate to 130 km s(-1). We derived the atmospheric parameters homogeneously. The precision for the FGK stars is 42 K, 0.24 and 0.09 dex for T-eff, logg and [Fe/H], respectively. The corresponding mean errors are 29K, 0.50 and 0.48 dex for the M stars, and for the OBA stars they are 4.5 percent, 0.44 and 0.18 dex. The comparison with the literature shows that our results are not biased