Virtual reality as a screening tool for sports concussion in adolescents

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: There is controversy surrounding the cognitive effects of sports concussion. This study aimed to verify whether the technique of virtual reality could aid in the identification of attention and inhibition deficits in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective design was used to assess 25 sports-concussed and 25 non-sports-concussed adolescents enrolled in a sport and education programme. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants were evaluated in immersive virtual reality via ClinicaVR: Classroom-CPT and in real life via the traditional VIGIL-CPT. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The neuropsychological assessment using virtual reality showed greater sensitivity to the subtle effects of sports concussion compared to the traditional test, which showed no difference between groups. The results also demonstrated that the sports concussion group reported more symptoms of cybersickness and more intense cybersickness than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Sports concussion was associated with subtle deficits in attention and inhibition. However, further studies are needed to support these results

The Indo-Pacific ammonite <i>Mayaites</i> in the Oxfordian of the Southern Andes

Oxfordian Iitho- and biostratigraphy of the Chilean and Argentine Andes is reviewed (P. N. Stipanicic). Within the Chacay Group, the Lower to basal Upper Oxfordian La Manga Formation, below, mostly detrital and biogenic, and the Upper Oxfordian Auquilco Formation, above, mainly chemical, are distinguished. The La Manga Formation (with Gryphaea calceola lumachelle) is rich in ammonite faunas, particularly of thc upper Cordatum to lower Canaliculatum Zones. In Neuquén and Mendoza provinces of Argentina, the Plicatilis Zone or Middle Oxfordian has yielded Perísphinctes spp., Euaspidoceras spp., Aspidoceras spp., together with Mayaítes (Araucanites ) stípanícfcí, M. (A.) reyesi, and M. (A.) mulai, Westermann et Riccardi subgen. et spp. nov. The first find of Mayaitidae outside the Indo-Pacific province is discussed in light of _plate-tectonic theory.La revisión Iito- y bioestratigráfica del Oxfordiano de los Andes de Argentina y Chile (P. N. Stipanicic) ha permitido reconocer dentro del Grupo Chacay: 1) abajo, la Formación La Manga, mayormente detrítica y biogénica, del Oxfordiano inferior-superior basa!, y 2) arriba, la Formación Auquilco, mayormente química, del Oxfordiano superior. La Formación La Manga (con lumachelas de Gryphaea calceola) contiene abundante cantidad de amonitas, particularmente de las Zonas de Cordatum superior a Canaliculatum inferior. En las provincias de Mendoza y Neuquén, Argentina, la Zona de Plicatilis (Oxfordiano medio) contiene Perispbinctes spp., Euaspidoceras spp., Aspidoceras spp., conjuntamente con Mayaites (Araucanites) stipanicici, M. (A.) reyesi, y M. (A.) mulai, Westermann et Riccardi subgen. et spp. nov. El primer hallazgo de Mayaitidae fuera de la provincia lndo-Pacífica es discutido tomando en consideración la teoría de tectónica de placas.Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNM

The Indo-Pacific ammonite <i>Mayaites</i> in the Oxfordian of the Southern Andes

Oxfordian Iitho- and biostratigraphy of the Chilean and Argentine Andes is reviewed (P. N. Stipanicic). Within the Chacay Group, the Lower to basal Upper Oxfordian La Manga Formation, below, mostly detrital and biogenic, and the Upper Oxfordian Auquilco Formation, above, mainly chemical, are distinguished. The La Manga Formation (with Gryphaea calceola lumachelle) is rich in ammonite faunas, particularly of thc upper Cordatum to lower Canaliculatum Zones. In Neuquén and Mendoza provinces of Argentina, the Plicatilis Zone or Middle Oxfordian has yielded Perísphinctes spp., Euaspidoceras spp., Aspidoceras spp., together with Mayaítes (Araucanites ) stípanícfcí, M. (A.) reyesi, and M. (A.) mulai, Westermann et Riccardi subgen. et spp. nov. The first find of Mayaitidae outside the Indo-Pacific province is discussed in light of _plate-tectonic theory.La revisión Iito- y bioestratigráfica del Oxfordiano de los Andes de Argentina y Chile (P. N. Stipanicic) ha permitido reconocer dentro del Grupo Chacay: 1) abajo, la Formación La Manga, mayormente detrítica y biogénica, del Oxfordiano inferior-superior basa!, y 2) arriba, la Formación Auquilco, mayormente química, del Oxfordiano superior. La Formación La Manga (con lumachelas de Gryphaea calceola) contiene abundante cantidad de amonitas, particularmente de las Zonas de Cordatum superior a Canaliculatum inferior. En las provincias de Mendoza y Neuquén, Argentina, la Zona de Plicatilis (Oxfordiano medio) contiene Perispbinctes spp., Euaspidoceras spp., Aspidoceras spp., conjuntamente con Mayaites (Araucanites) stipanicici, M. (A.) reyesi, y M. (A.) mulai, Westermann et Riccardi subgen. et spp. nov. El primer hallazgo de Mayaitidae fuera de la provincia lndo-Pacífica es discutido tomando en consideración la teoría de tectónica de placas.Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNM

The Indo-Pacific ammonite <i>Mayaites</i> in the Oxfordian of the Southern Andes

Oxfordian Iitho- and biostratigraphy of the Chilean and Argentine Andes is reviewed (P. N. Stipanicic). Within the Chacay Group, the Lower to basal Upper Oxfordian La Manga Formation, below, mostly detrital and biogenic, and the Upper Oxfordian Auquilco Formation, above, mainly chemical, are distinguished. The La Manga Formation (with Gryphaea calceola lumachelle) is rich in ammonite faunas, particularly of thc upper Cordatum to lower Canaliculatum Zones. In Neuquén and Mendoza provinces of Argentina, the Plicatilis Zone or Middle Oxfordian has yielded Perísphinctes spp., Euaspidoceras spp., Aspidoceras spp., together with Mayaítes (Araucanites ) stípanícfcí, M. (A.) reyesi, and M. (A.) mulai, Westermann et Riccardi subgen. et spp. nov. The first find of Mayaitidae outside the Indo-Pacific province is discussed in light of _plate-tectonic theory.La revisión Iito- y bioestratigráfica del Oxfordiano de los Andes de Argentina y Chile (P. N. Stipanicic) ha permitido reconocer dentro del Grupo Chacay: 1) abajo, la Formación La Manga, mayormente detrítica y biogénica, del Oxfordiano inferior-superior basa!, y 2) arriba, la Formación Auquilco, mayormente química, del Oxfordiano superior. La Formación La Manga (con lumachelas de Gryphaea calceola) contiene abundante cantidad de amonitas, particularmente de las Zonas de Cordatum superior a Canaliculatum inferior. En las provincias de Mendoza y Neuquén, Argentina, la Zona de Plicatilis (Oxfordiano medio) contiene Perispbinctes spp., Euaspidoceras spp., Aspidoceras spp., conjuntamente con Mayaites (Araucanites) stipanicici, M. (A.) reyesi, y M. (A.) mulai, Westermann et Riccardi subgen. et spp. nov. El primer hallazgo de Mayaitidae fuera de la provincia lndo-Pacífica es discutido tomando en consideración la teoría de tectónica de placas.Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNM

Freshwater actinopterygians of the Los Rastros Formation (Triassic), Bermejo Basin, Argentina

The present paper includes detailed descriptions of all fossil fishes known from the Los Rastros Formation (Ladinian; Bermejo Basin, Argentina). Four taxa are identified: Gualolepis carinaesquamosa  n. gen. n. sp., Rastrolepis  n. gen. with two species R . riojaensis n. sp. and R. latipinnata n. sp., and Challaiaelongata n. comb. Gualolepis  n. gen. and Rastrolepis n. gen. are incertae sedis actinopterygians. The opercular bones of Gualolepis resemble those in peipiaosteid acipenseriforms and the fish might be related with the Chondrostei. The most distinctive features of Rastrolepis are the narrow opercular region and the presence of a very large plate-like branchiostegal bone resembling the condition in the Redfieldiiformes. Challaiaelongata, originally described in the Australian genus Myriolepis, is here refered to the genus Challaia, previously known from the nearby Cuyo Basin and representing the first fish taxon common to both continental sequences. Furthermore, Challaia is shown to be a member of the Acrolepidae and represents the youngest record of the family in Gondwana. Alle fossilen Fische, die bisher von der Los Rastros Formation (Ladin; Bermejo-Becken, Argentinien) bekannt sind, werden im Detail beschrieben. Vier Taxa können identifiziert werden: Gualolepis carinaesquamosa  n. gen. n. sp., Rastrolepis  n. gen., mit zwei Arten, R . riojaensis  n. sp. und R . latipinnata  n. sp., und Challaiaelongata comb. nov. Gualolepis  n. gen. und Rastrolepis  n. gen. Actynopterygier unsicherer systematischer Stellung. Die Operkular-Knochen von Gualolepis ähneln jenen der peipiaosteiden Acipenseriformen und das Taxon mag mit den Chondrostei verwandt sein. Die auffälligsten Merkmale von Rastrolepis sind die sehr schmale Operkularregion und das Vorhandensein eines sehr großen, plattigen Branchiostegale, das dem Zustand in Redfieldiiformen ähnelt. Challaiaelongata, ursprünglich zu der australischen Gattung Myriolepis gestellt, wird hier der Gattung Challaia zugeordnet, die bisher nur aus dem nahegelegenen Cuyo-Becken bekannt war und repräsentiert somit das erste Fisch-Taxon, das in beiden Sequenzen vorkommt. Zudem kann gezeigt werden, dass Challaia zu den Acrolepidae gehört und somit den jüngsten Nachweis dieser Gruppe in Gondwana darstellt. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600011</a

A new, nearly complete stem turtle from the Jurassic of South America with implications for turtle evolution

Turtles have been known since the Upper Triassic (210 Myr old); however, fossils recording the first steps of turtle evolution are scarce and often fragmentary. As a consequence, one of the main questions is whether living turtles (Testudines) originated during the Late Triassic (210 Myr old) or during the Middle to Late Jurassic (ca 160 Myr old). The discovery of the new fossil turtle, Condorchelys antiqua gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle to Upper Jurassic (ca 160–146 Myr old) of South America (Patagonia, Argentina), presented here sheds new light on early turtle evolution. An updated cladistic analysis of turtles shows that C. antiqua and other fossil turtles are not crown turtles, but stem turtles. This cladistic analysis also shows that stem turtles were more diverse than previously thought, and that until the Middle to Upper Jurassic there were turtles without the modern jaw closure mechanism

Ecological reconstruction of a mixed Middle Triassic forest from Argentina

The palaeoecology of an in situ Middle Triassic forest known as the Darwin Forest, from the Paramillo Formation of Argentina, is described based on palaeobotanical, sedimentological and spatial analyses. The palaeoforest grew on an andisol soil that developed on volcaniclastic floodplain deposits. The volcanic detritus and the rhythmic amalgamation of upper flow-regime tractional deposits overlying the andisol indicate that the forest was buried rapidly by a subaerial, cool and wet pyroclastic base surge flow. The plant community was reconstructed by quantitative mapping of the fossilized stumps integrated with taxonomic and sedimentological information. The Darwin Forest had a tree density of 427-759 per ha, with an upper stratum (20-26 m) of corystosperms and a second stratum (16-20 m) of conifers. Estimated biomass is equivalent to modern dry monsoonal forest. The understorey was composed of ferns (Cladophlebis spp.). Quantitative growth-ring analysis of Araucarioxylon protoaraucana suggests that these trees were evergreen and, together with vegetation structure and sedimentary data, indicate that the forest developed under dry, subtropical, strongly seasonal conditions.Fil: Brea, Mariana. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Artabe, Analia Emilia Eva. División Paleobotánica, Facultad de Ciencias naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Spalletti, Luis Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentin

Tectonic Setting of the Tordillo Formation in the Aconcagua Fold-and-Thrust Belt

At the northwestern Mendoza province, the Mesozoic infill of the Neuquén Basin is tectonically repeated in the Aconcagua fold-and-thrust belt. Particularly, the Tordillo Formation (commonly associated with the Kimmeridgian) represents a local low stand period of sea level, with mainly alluvial and fluvial sediments. Toward the western sector of the belt, it interfingers with volcanic and volcaniclastic materials and presents a marked increase in the thickness. This unit was studied in two localities at the Blanco River valley, at the undeformed sector and over the second thrust that produces a second repetition of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sequences in the Aconcagua fold-and-thrust belt. This transect exposes facies variations and a significant increase in thickness to the west. Additionally, provenance analysis and paleocurrent directions indicate that the sediment supply was located to the E-SE, and that the underlying units were exhumed at the time of deposition of the Late Jurassic red beds. A consistent thickness increment of the Upper Jurassic deposits to the west through the Aconcagua fold-and-thrust belt suggests that sedimentation was controlled by NNW-directed structures. This is also supported by facies analyses that demonstrate high topographic breaks affecting a smooth westdipping fluvial ramp toward the volcanic arc. These features support an extensional setting for the deposition of the Tordillo Formation at the latitudes of the Aconcagua fold-and-thrust belt, as other authors have proposed for the Malargüe fold-and-thrust belt to the south. Plate tectonic reconstructions suggest trench rollback during this time previous to the westward migration of the South American plate, which is consistent with the back-arc extension proposed in the previous works.Fil: Acevedo, Eliana Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Rosselot, Eduardo Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Martos, Federico Exequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Fennell, Lucas Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Naipauer, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Folguera Telichevsky, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentin