Improving pod borer complex tolerance in cultivated pigeonpea(Cajanuscajan)by using wild Cajanusspecies

Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) is the single largest yield reducing factor in food legumes. Worldwide, pod borer causes an estimated loss of over $2 billion annually, despite over$1 billion value of insecticides used to control this devastating pest. In pigeonpea(Cajanuscajan(L.) Millsp.), an important food grain legume crop of the semi-arid tropics, Helicoverpa armigera causes maximum yield losses (25-70%) followed by pod fly, Melanagromyzaobtusa(10-50%), Marucavitrata(5-25%) and pod bug, Clavigrallagibbosa(10-30%). High levels of resistance to pod borer is not available in the cultivated genepool, which necessitates the exploitation of new anddiverse sources of variations

Rolling friction of a viscous sphere on a hard plane

A first-principle continuum-mechanics expression for the rolling friction coefficient is obtained for the rolling motion of a viscoelastic sphere on a hard plane. It relates the friction coefficient to the viscous and elastic constants of the sphere material. The relation obtained refers to the case when the deformation of the sphere $\xi$ is small, the velocity of the sphere $V$ is much less than the speed of sound in the material and when the characteristic time $\xi/V$ is much larger than the dissipative relaxation times of the viscoelastic material. To our knowledge this is the first ``first-principle'' expression of the rolling friction coefficient which does not contain empirical parameters.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

A Decolonial Critique of the Racialized “Localwashing” of Extraction in Central Africa

Responding to calls for increased attention to actions and reactions “from above” within the extractive industry, we offer a decolonial critique of the ways in which corporate entities and multinational institutions propagate racialized rhetoric of “local” suffering, “local” consultation, and “local” fault for failure in extractive zones. Such rhetoric functions to legitimize extractive intervention within a set of practices that we call localwashing. Drawing from a decade of research on and along the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline, we show how multi-scalar actors converged to assert knowledge of, responsibility for, and collaborations with “local” people within a racialized politics of scale. These corporate representations of the racialized “local” are coded through long-standing colonial tropes. We identify three interrelated and overlapping flexian elite rhetoric(s) and practices of racialized localwashing: (a) anguishing, (b) arrogating, and (c) admonishing. These elite representations of a racialized “local” reveal diversionary efforts “from above” to manage public opinion, displace blame for project failures, and domesticate dissent in a context of persistent scrutiny and criticism from international and regional advocates and activists

Geopolitics at the margins? Reconsidering genealogies of critical geopolitics

Critical geopolitics has become one of the most vibrant parts of political geography. However it remains a particularly western way of knowing which has been much less attentive to other traditions of thinking. This paper engages with Pan-Africanism, and specifically the vision of the architect of post-colonial Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, to explore this overlooked contribution to critical engagements with geopoli- tics. Pan-Africanism sought to forge alternative post-colonial worlds to the binary geopolitics of the Cold War and the geopolitical economy of neo-colonialism. The academic division of labour has meant that these ideas have been consigned to African studies rather than being drawn into wider debates around the definitions of key disciplinary concepts. However Nyerere’s continental thinking can be seen as a form of geopolitical imagination that challenges dominant neo-realist projections, and which still has much to offer contemporary political geography

Evaluation of the effect of different Dates of Sowing Regimes in Chickpea against Legume Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

Effect of different sowing dates on chickpea crop and varietal factors against the incidence of legume pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, pod damage and yield were studied at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana during the post rainy seasons of 2019-20, and 2020-21. Ten Chickpea genotypes were sown at monthly intervals during first weeks of September, October and November. Each entry was sown in a 6 row plots, with 10 x 30 cm spacing. There were four replications in a split plot design. Among the different sowing regimes tested, November sown crop was found to be optimal and right time for sowing of the chickpea genotype to evade the pod borer coincidence. The borer population fluctuated with the change in dates of sowing. Pod borer population was higher in the early sown crop (September) and with delayed dates of sowing in October and November population decreased. There were significant differences in percent pod damage across genotypes ranging from 10.50 to 40.66 per cent. Minimum pod damage was observed in ICCV 10 and maximum pod damage was observed in ICC 3137. The grain yield ranged from 316.4 kg/ha to 836.1 kg/ha. The highest grain yield was recorded in ICCV 10 and lowest in ICC 3137. Correlation results of pod borer incidence in ICC 3137 showed positive correlation with maximum, minimum temperature and solar radiation, while rainfall and humidity were negatively correlated. Screening the different chickpea genotypes for resistance or tolerance to H. armigera allowed us in detection of a resistant/tolerant varieties which has shown the minimum level of damage in pods and further for ensuring higher yield with less pod borer damage, November is the optimal time for sowing of Chickpea

Libya and Europe: imperialism, crisis and migration

This article examines the recent dynamics of European imperialism in Libya in the light of Marx’s theory of the global reserve army of labour. It analyses the limited advance of Western imperialism in Libya in the decade before the 2011 uprisings, the interactions between local, regional and international forces during and after the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) intervention, and, finally, the evolving migratory patterns from Libya. In this light, the instability along the southern and eastern Mediterranean coastline – a product of the uprisings and the forms of political reactions they unleashed – is simultaneously a security threat and a channel of migratory movements to European capitalism

Global Capitalism Theory and the Emergence of Transnational Elites

The class and social structure of developing nations has undergone profound transformation in recent decades as each nation has incorporated into an increasingly integrated global production and financial system. National elites have experienced a new fractionation. Emergent transnationally-oriented elites grounded in globalized circuits of accumulation compete with older nationally-oriented elites grounded in more protected and often state-guided national and regional circuits. This essay focuses on structural analysis of the distinction between these two fractions of the elite and the implications for development. I suggest that nationally-oriented elites are often dependent on the social reproduction of at least a portion of the popular and working classes for the reproduction of their own status, and therefore on local development processes however so defined whereas transnationally-oriented elites are less dependent on such local social reproduction. The shift in dominant power relations from nationally- to transnationally-oriented elites is reflected in a concomitant shift to a discourse from one that defines development as national industrialization and expanded consumption to one that defines it in terms of global market integration

Toward a geography of black internationalism: Bayard Rustin, nonviolence and the promise of Africa

This article charts the trip made by civil rights leader Bayard Rustin to West Africa in 1952, and examines the unpublished ‘Africa Program’ which he subsequently presented to leading American pacifists. I situate Rustin’s writings within the burgeoning literature on black internationalism which, despite its clear geographical registers, geographers themselves have as yet made only a modest contribution towards. The article argues that within this literature there remains a tendency to romanticize cross-cultural connections in lieu of critically interrogating their basic, and often competing, claims. I argue that closer attention to the geographies of black internationalism, however, allows us to shape a more diverse and practiced sense of internationalist encounter and exchange. The article reconstructs the multiplicity of Rustin’s black internationalist geographies which drew eclectically from a range of Pan-African, American and pacifist traditions. Though each of these was profoundly racialized, they conceptualized race in distinctive ways and thereby had differing understandings of what constituted the international as a geographical arena. By blending these forms of internationalism Rustin was able to promote a particular model of civil rights which was characteristically internationalist in outlook, nonviolent in principle and institutional in composition; a model which in selective and uneven ways continues to shape our understanding of the period

South-South Trade in Manufactures: Current Performance and Obstacles for Growth

The last two decades have witnessed resurgence in South-South trade, investment, and regional integration. This article examines trade performance in total and technology-and-skill-intensive manufactures for a sample of twenty-eight developing countries with both developed (South-North) and other developing (South-South) countries. Previous studies and our sample data show that South-South trade in manufactures is characterized by higher capital and skill-intensive factor content relative to South-North trade, with major implications for development in the South, including the possibility of dynamic gains through learning by exporting, technological externalities, allocative efficiencies, and scale economies. The article concludes by discussing obstacles to increasing South-South trade and possibilities for future research on the topic.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline