How social interactions can affect Modern Code Review

Introduction: Modern Code Review (MCR) is a multistage process where developers evaluate source code written by others to enhance the software quality. Despite the numerous studies conducted on the effects of MCR on software quality, the non-technical issues in the MCR process have not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate the social problems in the MCR process and to find possible ways to prevent them and improve the overall quality of the MCR process.Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, we applied the grounded theory research shaped by GQM approach to collect data on the attitudes of developers from different teams toward MCR. We conducted interviews with 25 software developers from 13 companies to obtain the information necessary to investigate how social interactions affect the code reviewing process.Results: Our findings show that interpersonal relationships within the team can have significant consequences on the MCR process. We also received a list of possible strategies to overcome these problems.Discussion: Our study provides a new perspective on the non-technical issues in the MCR process, which has not been extensively studied before. The findings of this study can help software development teams to address the social problems in the MCR process and improve the overall quality of their software products.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the non-technical issues in the MCR process and the possible ways to prevent them. The findings of this study can help software development teams to improve the MCR process and the quality of their software products. Future research could explore the effectiveness of the identified strategies in addressing the social problems in the MCR process

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННАЯ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЖИЛИЩНО-КОММУНАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ

Investment attractiveness of housing and utilities sector for private operators refers to conditions of investment of communal infrastructure as principles of investment, as well as long-term rent, i.e.: on account of state and municipal assistance on non-return or beneficial terms; possibility to acquire such electricity, heat, water supply and drainage objects being constructed, that have not been included as a part of concession agreement against guarantee of investment return with regard to interest rated specified by such concession agreement, and one of tools of investment attraction thereof is application of new methods of tariff management and various models of agreements.Инвестиционная привлекательность коммунальной сферы для частных операторов состоит в условиях инвестирования объектов коммунальной инфраструктуры как на принципах вложения, так и долгосрочной аренды, а именно: за счет государственной и муниципальной помощи на безвозвратных или льготных условиях; в возможности приобретения в собственность тех строящихся объектов по электро-, тепло-, водоснабжению и водоотведению, которые не вошли в состав концессионного соглашения с гарантией возврата своих инвестиций с учетом определенной концессионным соглашением доли процентов. Одним из инструментов привлечения инвестиций является применение новых методов тарифного регулирования и различных договорных моделей

Picosecond Fluorescence Relaxation Spectroscopy of the Calcium-Discharged Photoproteins Aequorin and Obelin

Addition of calcium ions to the Ca2+-regulated photoproteins, such as aequorin and obelin, produces a blue bioluminescence originating from a fluorescence transition of the protein-bound product, coelenteramide. The kinetics of several transient fluorescent species of the bound coelenteramide is resolved after picosecond-laser excitation and streak camera detection. The initially formed spectral distributions at picosecond-times are broad, evidently comprised of two contributions, one at higher energy (25000 cm-1) assigned as from the Ca2+-discharged photoprotein-bound coelenteramide in its neutral state. This component decays much more rapidly (t1/2 2 ps) in the case of the Ca2+-discharged obelin than aequorin (t1/2 30 ps). The second component at lower energy shows several intermediates in the 150-500 ps times, with a final species having spectral maxima 19400 cm-1, bound to Ca2+-discharged obelin, and 21300 cm-1, bound to Ca2+-discharged aequorin, and both have a fluorescence decay lifetime of 4 ns. It is proposed that the rapid kinetics of these fluorescence transients on the picosecond time scale, correspond to times for relaxation of the protein structural environment of the binding cavit

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Foliar Broths: Roles of Biocompounds and Other Attributes of the Extracts

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has arisen as a promising alternative to conventional synthetic methodologies owing to its eco-friendly advantages, and the involved bioprotocol still needs further clarification. This research, for the first time from the standpoint of statistics, confirmed an electrostatic force or ionic bond-based interaction between the chloroauric ions and the involved bioconstituents and manifested that reducing sugars and flavonoids were both important reductants responsible for conversion of Au(III) to Au(0). The result also demonstrated that the proteins were not the reducing agents, yet they might be protection agents in biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Besides, a significant linear relationship was found between the anti-oxidant ability of the foliar broths and their capability to reduce Au(III) into Au(0). Furthermore, the preliminary investigation based on the boxplot on the size/shape distribution of the biosynthesized GNPs revealed that gold nanospheres with higher degree of homogeneity in size tended to be promoted by foliar broths containing higher content of reducing sugars/flavonoids and proteins. Otherwise, i.e., for those broths with lower content of the above biocompounds, sphere GNPs of wider size distribution or even gold nanotriangles tended to be fabricated

Disease characteristics of MCT8 deficiency : an international, retrospective, multicentre cohort study

Background Disordered thyroid hormone transport, due to mutations in the SLC16A2 gene encoding monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), is characterised by intellectual and motor disability resulting from cerebral hypothyroidism and chronic peripheral thyrotoxicosis. We sought to systematically assess the phenotypic characteristics and natural history of patients with MCT8 deficiency. Methods We did an international, multicentre, cohort study, analysing retrospective data from Jan 1, 2003, to Dec 31, 2019, from patients with MCT8 deficiency followed up in 47 hospitals in 22 countries globally. The key inclusion criterion was genetically confirmed MCT8 deficiency. There were no exclusion criteria. Our primary objective was to analyse the overall survival of patients with MCT8 deficiency and document causes of death. We also compared survival between patients who did or did not attain full head control by age 1·5 years and between patients who were or were not underweight by age 1–3 years (defined as a bodyweight-for-age Z score <–2 SDs or <5th percentile according to WHO definition). Other objectives were to assess neurocognitive function and outcomes, and clinical parameters including anthropometric characteristics, biochemical markers, and neuroimaging findings. Findings Between Oct 14, 2014, and Jan 17, 2020, we enrolled 151 patients with 73 different MCT8 (SLC16A2) mutations. Median age at diagnosis was 24·0 months (IQR 12·0-60·0, range 0·0-744·0). 32 (21%) of 151 patients died; the main causes of mortality in these patients were pulmonary infection (six [19%]) and sudden death (six [19%]). Median overall survival was 35·0 years (95% CI 8·3–61·7). Individuals who did not attain head control by age 1·5 years had an increased risk of death compared with patients who did attain head control (hazard ratio [HR] 3·46, 95% CI 1·76–8·34; log-rank test p=0·0041). Patients who were underweight during age 1–3 years had an increased risk for death compared with patients who were of normal bodyweight at this age (HR 4·71, 95% CI 1·26–17·58, p=0·021). The few motor and cognitive abilities of patients did not improve with age, as evidenced by the absence of significant correlations between biological age and scores on the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III. Tri-iodothyronine concentrations were above the age-specific upper limit in 96 (95%) of 101 patients and free thyroxine concentrations were below the age-specific lower limit in 94 (89%) of 106 patients. 59 (71%) of 83 patients were underweight. 25 (53%) of 47 patients had elevated systolic blood pressure above the 90th percentile, 34 (76%) of 45 patients had premature atrial contractions, and 20 (31%) of 64 had resting tachycardia. The most consistent MRI finding was a global delay in myelination, which occurred in 13 (100%) of 13 patients. Interpretation Our description of characteristics of MCT8 deficiency in a large patient cohort reveals poor survival with a high prevalence of treatable underlying risk factors, and provides knowledge that might inform clinical management and future evaluation of therapies

INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF HOUSING AND UTILITIES SECTOR

Investment attractiveness of housing and utilities sector for private operators refers to conditions of investment of communal infrastructure as principles of investment, as well as long-term rent, i.e.: on account of state and municipal assistance on non-return or beneficial terms; possibility to acquire such electricity, heat, water supply and drainage objects being constructed, that have not been included as a part of concession agreement against guarantee of investment return with regard to interest rated specified by such concession agreement, and one of tools of investment attraction thereof is application of new methods of tariff management and various models of agreements

Data from: Neutron imaging investigation of fossil woods: non-destructive characterization of microstructure and detection of in situ changes as occurring in museum cabinets

This paper discusses the applicability of neutron imaging techniques for probing the internal microstructure of several fossil woods upon wetting and drying, two phenomena occurring in museum cabinets and endangering the fossil woods. Investigations were carried out using lignites (fossil woods) from two French localities (Rivecourt, Parisian Basin, Oise – Paleogene; Angeac, Aquitanian Basin, Charente – Cretaceous), which present different macroscopic behavior upon drying. Thanks to the high sensitivity of neutrons to hydrogen content, it was possible to track water diffusion through 3 mm thick samples and to follow in situ changes related to either supply or withdrawal of water without any special preparation and in a relevant time range (from 1 min to a few hours). Classical image analysis allows discriminating between the behavior of the two fossil woods with regard to their interaction with water. Further analysis based on a Fourier transform of projection images provides additional information regarding the existence of large pores in one of the samples. Differences in pore network and internal structures have important mechanical consequences as one of the samples retains its integrity upon drying, whereas the other one shatters into pieces. A better understanding of the underlying processes will clearly require multi-scale analyses, using additional techniques that could probe the materials at a lower scale. Such a combination of multi-scale analyses should provide valuable information for a better conservation of wood remnants, which is crucial for both paleobotanical research and museum exhibits

Odpady flotacyjne – intensyfikacja procesu odwadniania koagulantem glinowym

Most mineral-separation processes involve the use of substantial quantities of water and a larger portion of it ends up in a tailings stream. Typically, sedimentation and filtration are used to dewater the coal product. Large amount of dilute suspension has to be treated. The main driving force for coal tailing treatment is the elimination of unsustainable disposal of fine coal tailings in large tailings dams. Coagulation/Flocculation is usually a necessary pre-treatment step in dewatering streams containing significant quantities of very fine particles. The effectiveness of the coagulation/flocculation step may determine the performance and, ultimately, the capacity of the dewatering system. The objective of dewatering processes is often to obtain clear water with low percentage of solids. The article presents the results of possibility of intensification of dewatering of the flotation tailing streams from coal preparation Paskov mine (Czech Republic). The results imply that the selected aluminium pre-hydrolysed coagulants (aluminium chlorohydrate – FLOKOR1.2A, FLOKOR D15, polyaluminium chloride – PAX-18) are convenient in dewatering process of tailing slurries and are practicable for further tests and use in industry. It is possible to achieve effective dewatering in short time. Optimal doses of all coagulants do not worsen the conditions in the process water for its hypothetic re-use. Experiments were conducted in temperature interval from 5°C to 20°C. Standard jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation efficiencies. Different mixing conditions were evaluated. Relation between tailings and addition of coagulant was characterized by zeta-potential. Turbidity, pH values and residual concentrations of aluminium were measured.Większość procesów separacji minerałów wiąże się z zużyciem znaczących ilości wody, której większość trafia do strumienia odpadów. Zazwyczaj w celu odwodnienia węgla wykorzystuje się procesy sedymentacji i filtracji. W efekcie trzeba zagospodarować duże ilości rozrzedzonej zawiesiny. Największym wyzwaniem w przetwarzaniu odpadów węgla jest eliminacja nieopłacalnego składowania odpadów drobnego węgla w ogromnych stawach osadowych. Koagulacja/flokulacja jest często ważnym wstępnym krokiem w procesie odwadniania strumieni zawierających znaczące ilości bardzo drobnych cząsteczek. Skuteczność koagulacji/flokulacji może określić skuteczność, oraz ostatecznie, przepustowość systemu odwadniającego. Częstym celem procesu odwadniającego jest uzyskanie czystej wody z niską zawartości fazy stałej. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badania możliwości intensyfikacji odwodnienia strumieni odpadów flotacyjnych z kopalni węgla Paskov (Republika Czeska). Wyniki wskazują, że wybrane hydrolizowane koagulanty glonowe (aluminiumchlorohydrate – FLOKOR1.2A, FLOKOR D15, polyaluminium chloride – PAX-18) są odpowiednie do procesu odwadniania zawiesin w praktyce przemysłowej. Możliwe jest osiągnięcie skutecznego odwodnienia w krótkim czasie. Optymalne dawki koagulantów nie pogarszają jakości wody do hipotetycznego ponownego użycia. Eksperymenty zostały przeprowadzone w przedziale temperatury od 5°C do 20°C. Standardowe testy metodą sedymentacji zostały przeprowadzone w celu określenia skuteczności koagulacji. Różne warunki mieszania zostały zbadane. Określono potencjał zeta, zmierzono mętność, wartości pH oraz stężenia osadów koagulantu