127 research outputs found
Quantum Tunneling in Nuclear Fusion
Recent theoretical advances in the study of heavy ion fusion reactions below
the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to new ways of
analyzing data, such as studying barrier distributions; new approaches to
channel coupling, such as the path integral and Green function formalisms; and
alternative methods to describe nuclear structure effects, such as those using
the Interacting Boson Model. The roles of nucleon transfer, asymmetry effects,
higher-order couplings, and shape-phase transitions are elucidated. The current
status of the fusion of unstable nuclei and very massive systems are briefly
discussed.Comment: To appear in the January 1998 issue of Reviews of Modern Physics. 13
Figures (postscript file for Figure 6 is not available; a hard copy can be
requested from the authors). Full text and figures are also available at
http://nucth.physics.wisc.edu/preprints
Optical model potentials involving loosely bound p-shell nuclei around 10 MeV/A
We present the results of a search for optical model potentials for use in
the description of elastic scattering and transfer reactions involving stable
and radioactive p-shell nuclei. This was done in connection with our program to
use transfer reactions to obtain data for nuclear astrophysics, in particular
for the determination of the astrophysical S_17 factor for 7Be(p,\gamma)8B
using two (7Be,8B) proton transfer reactions. Elastic scattering was measured
using 7Li, 10B, 13C and 14N projectiles on 9Be and 13C targets at or about
E/A=10 MeV/nucleon. Woods-Saxon type optical model potentials were extracted
and are compared with potentials obtained from a microscopic double folding
model. We use these results to find optical model potentials for unstable
nuclei with emphasis on the reliability of the description they provide for
peripheral proton transfer reactions. We discuss the uncertainty introduced by
the procedure in the prediction of the DWBA cross sections for the (7Be,8B)
reactions used in extracting the astrophysical factor S_17(0).Comment: 16 pages, LaTEX file, 9 figures (PostScript files
Experimental Search for Solar Axions via Coherent Primakoff Conversion in a Germanium Spectrometer
Results are reported of an experimental search for the unique, rapidly
varying temporal pattern of solar axions coherently converting into photons via
the Primakoff effect in a single crystal germanium detector. This conversion is
predicted when axions are incident at a Bragg angle with a crystalline plane.
The analysis of approximately 1.94 kg.yr of data from the 1 kg DEMOS detector
in Sierra Grande, Argentina, yields a new laboratory bound on axion-photon
coupling of GeV, independent of
axion mass up to ~ 1 keV.Comment: RevTeX, 11 pages, figures can be obtained by fax from
[email protected]. Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Gallium Solar Neutrino Experiments: Absorption Cross sections, Neutrino spectra, and Predicted Event Rates
Neutrino absorption cross sections for 71Ga are calculated for all solar
neutrino sources with standard energy spectra, and for laboratory sources of
51Cr and 37Ar; the calculations include, where appropriate, the thermal energy
of fusing solar ions and use improved nuclear and atomic data. The ratio, R, of
measured (in GALLEX and SAGE) to calculated 51Cr capture rate is R = 0.95 +/-
0.07 (exp)} + ^{+0.04}_{-0.03} (theory). Cross sections are also calculated for
specific neutrino energies chosen so that a spline fit determines accurately
the event rates in a gallium detector even if new physics changes the energy
spectrum of solar neutrinos. Theoretical uncertainties are estimated for cross
sections at specific energies and for standard neutrino energy spectra.
Standard energy spectra are presented for pp and CNO neutrino sources in the
appendices. Neutrino fluxes predicted by standard solar models, corrected for
diffusion, have been in the range 120 SNU to 141 SNU since 1968.Comment: 57 pages, ReVTeX file. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C.
Viewgraphs and numerical tables of neutrino spectra and cross sections at
http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jn
A Glial Variant of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Is Required To Store Histamine in the Drosophila Visual System
Unlike other monoamine neurotransmitters, the mechanism by which the brain's histamine content is regulated remains unclear. In mammals, vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) are expressed exclusively in neurons and mediate the storage of histamine and other monoamines. We have studied the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster in which histamine is the primary neurotransmitter released from photoreceptor cells. We report here that a novel mRNA splice variant of Drosophila VMAT (DVMAT-B) is expressed not in neurons but rather in a small subset of glia in the lamina of the fly's optic lobe. Histamine contents are reduced by mutation of dVMAT, but can be partially restored by specifically expressing DVMAT-B in glia. Our results suggest a novel role for a monoamine transporter in glia that may be relevant to histamine homeostasis in other systems
Spike-Driven Glutamate Electrodiffusion Triggers Synaptic Potentiation via a Homer-Dependent mGluR-NMDAR Link
SummaryElectric fields of synaptic currents can influence diffusion of charged neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, in the synaptic cleft. However, this phenomenon has hitherto been detected only through sustained depolarization of large principal neurons, and its adaptive significance remains unknown. Here, we find that in cerebellar synapses formed on electrically compact granule cells, a single postsynaptic action potential can retard escape of glutamate released into the cleft. This retardation boosts activation of perisynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which in turn rapidly facilitates local NMDA receptor currents. The underlying mechanism relies on a Homer-containing protein scaffold, but not GPCR- or Ca2+-dependent signaling. Through the mGluR-NMDAR interaction, the coincidence between a postsynaptic spike and glutamate release triggers a lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission that alters the basic integrate-and-spike rule in the circuitry. Our results thus reveal an electrodiffusion-driven synaptic memory mechanism that requires high-precision coincidence detection suitable for high-fidelity circuitries
Reactive oxygen species in phagocytic leukocytes
Phagocytic leukocytes consume oxygen and generate reactive oxygen species in response to appropriate stimuli. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a multiprotein complex, existing in the dissociated state in resting cells becomes assembled into the functional oxidase complex upon stimulation and then generates superoxide anions. Biochemical aspects of the NADPH oxidase are briefly discussed in this review; however, the major focus relates to the contributions of various modes of microscopy to our understanding of the NADPH oxidase and the cell biology of phagocytic leukocytes
26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017
This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud
Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud
2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud
FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud
supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)
Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making
Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)
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