El suelo rural o no urbanizable como bien integrante del Patrimonio Municipal del Suelo: especial referencia a los núcleos rurales

This study attempts to analyze the evolution of rural or non-developable land in Spain with regard to its mandatory pertenence to the Municipal Land Patrimony (equivalent to the British Community Land). It also inquires into the reasons why today, in contrast with the prevalent view when the Municipal Land Patrimony was initially established by the Land Act of 1956, lawmakers have stopped considering the aforementioned land types a valuable mean to achieve the proper objectives of the institution. The importance of this study increases if we take into account the existence of rural townships which, though located on non-developable land, effectively contain population settlements to whom services are provided and where it is perfectly possible to execute the proper goals of the institution.Este estudio trata de analizar cuál ha sido la evolución del suelo rural o no urbanizable en España en relación a su pertenencia preceptiva al Patrimonio Municipal del Suelo y qué razones han llevado a que el citado tipo de suelo fuera considerado en el origen de la institución, representado por la Ley del Suelo de 1956, como un medio valioso para lograr la consecución de los fines propios de los Patrimonios Públicos del Suelo y haya dejado de serlo por el legislador actual. Lo expuesto aumenta su importancia si se tiene en cuenta la existencia de núcleos rurales situados en suelo no urbanizable donde efectivamente existen asentamientos de población dotados de servicios y donde es perfectamente posible ejecutar los fines propios de la institución.This study attempts to analyze the evolution of rural or non-developable land in Spain with regard to its mandatory pertenence to the Municipal Land Patrimony (equivalent to the British Community Land). It also inquires into the reasons why today, in contrast with the prevalent view when the Municipal Land Patrimony was initially established by the Land Act of 1956, lawmakers have stopped considering the aforementioned land types a valuable mean to achieve the proper objectives of the institution. The importance of this study increases if we take into account the existence of rural townships which, though located on non-developable land, effectively contain population settlements to whom services are provided and where it is perfectly possible to execute the proper goals of the institution

El patrimonio municipal del suelo. Una nueva institución al servicio de la reducción de la deuda comercial y financiera y ajena a la política de vivienda

This work follows the study of the evolution of the Municipal Land Patrimony concept, in legislation at both the national and autonomous community level, with the objective of revealing how this legal figure has progressively changed its purpose. The Land Act of 1956, norm in which the origin of the Municipal Land Patrimony can be placed, defines it as an instrument at the service of land price reduction. As time went by, and despite the insistence of the legislator to continue identifying the Municipal Land Patrimony as an instrument of intervention in the real estate market, new applications for its goods and rights have progressively been introduced which drive the institution inexorably towards new purposes. The acute economic crisis experienced in Spain since 2008 accelerated the introduction of modifications in this legal figure. These modifications culminate in the Act 27/2013, of December 27, of rationalization and sustainability of the local administration. This act converts the Municipal Land Patrimony into an institution that serves toward the reduction of commercial and financial debt owed by the city councils and takes it further away from housing policy.El presente trabajo procede al estudio de la evolución de la figura del Patrimonio Municipal del Suelo, tanto en la legislación estatal como en las distintas legislaciones autonómicas, con el objetivo de poner de manifiesto cómo la institución ha cambiado progresivamente sus fines. La Ley del Suelo de 1956, norma en la que puede situarse el origen de la institución, define esta como un instrumento al servicio de la reducción del precio del suelo. Con el paso del tiempo, y a pesar de la insistencia del legislador en seguir identificando el Patrimonio Municipal del Suelo con un instrumento de intervención en el mercado inmobiliario, aquel ha ido introduciendo progresivamente nuevos destinos para los bienes y derechos que lo integran, lo que conduce a la institución, inexorablemente, hacia nuevas finalidades. La grave situación de crisis económica vivida en España a partir de 2008 aceleró la introducción de modificaciones en la figura. Estas culminan con la Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de racionalización y sostenibilidad de la Administración Local, que convierte el Patrimonio Municipal del Suelo en una institución al servicio de la reducción de la deuda comercial y financiera de los ayuntamientos y la aleja de las políticas de vivienda

Los problemas jurídicos derivados de la contratación pública irregular en los municipios españoles. La revisión de oficio de los actos de adjudicación de los contratos nulos

This paper refers the problems arising from irregular contracting by Spanish municipalities. Specifically, the channel to be followed is analyzed to pay the invoices presented by the providers of benefits that the Administration has obtained in an irregular manner, dispensing with an absolute form of the due procedure and with absence of credit for the attention of the contracted obligations. The prohibition of the unjust enrichment of the Administration obliges the Administration to pay the compensation received, but it can only do so by resorting to the way of the ex officio review of the award acts of the contracts improperly awarded. A study refers the amounts that must be effectively paid for the liquidation of the contracts with special interest in the possibility of payment of the industrial benefit.En este estudio se aborda la problemática derivada de la contratación irregular realizada por los municipios españoles. En concreto, se analiza el cauce a seguir para abonar las facturas presentadas por los proveedores de las prestaciones que la Administración ha obtenido de modo incorrecto, prescindiendo de forma absoluta del procedimiento debido y con ausencia de crédito para la atención de las obligaciones contraídas. La proscripción del enriquecimiento injusto de la Administración obliga a esta a abonar las obras, servicios o suministros recibidos pero no podrá hacerlo más que acudiendo a la vía de la revisión de oficio de los actos de adjudicación de los contratos indebidamente adjudicados. Igualmente, se realiza un estudio de los importes que deberán ser efectivamente abonados en concepto de liquidación del contrato poniendo especial interés en la posibilidad de impago del denominado beneficio industrial del contratista.This paper refers the problems arising from irregular contracting by Spanish municipalities. Specifically, the channel to be followed is analyzed to pay the invoices presented by the providers of benefits that the Administration has obtained in an irregular manner, dispensing with an absolute form of the due procedure and with absence of credit for the attention of the contracted obligations. The prohibition of the unjust enrichment of the Administration obliges the Administration to pay the compensation received, but it can only do so by resorting to the way of the ex officio review of the award acts of the contracts improperly awarded. A study refers the amounts that must be effectively paid for the liquidation of the contracts with special interest in the possibility of payment of the industrial benefit

Adsorption of Pesticides and Personal Care Products on Pristine and Weathered Microplastics in the Marine Environment. Comparison Between Bio-Based and Conventional Plastics

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] The hydrophobicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) makes them adsorb on microplastics in the marine environment, affecting their distribution, persistence, or their transfer to the trophic chain. Fragrances and non-polar pesticides can be adsorbed by microplastics in the marine environment because of their physico-chemical characteristics. In this work, the adsorption of two pesticides (α-endosulfan and chlorpyrifos) and 6 musk fragrances (musk xylene, musk ketone, musk moskene, galaxolide, tonalide, and celestolide) on polyamide (PA6) (a petroleum based polymer) and on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (biopolymer) in seawater was studied, considering also the effect of water temperature and plastic weathering. Results show higher adsorption of the selected pollutants for PHB than PA, being PA more affected by the water temperature and the plastic weathering. The highest percentage of adsorption was achieved in most cases at 24 h. In addition, this process was irreversible, as it showed the leaching assays. Besides, this work revealed that plastics mitigate the degradation of α-endosulfan in aquatic media (hydrolysis), showing that plastics can act as inhibitors of degradation of POPs, increasing its persistence in the environment.This work was supported by the Spanish Inter-Ministerial Science and Technology Commission and by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the ARPA-ACUA (CTM2016-77945-C3-3-R) project, and JPI_Oceans 2019 MicroplastiX (PCI2020-112145) and RISBIOPLAS (CHEMPLAS, PID2019-108857RB-C3/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) projects, financed by the Spanish Ministery of Science and Innovation. Financial support is also acknowledged by the Program of Consolidation and Structuring of Units of Competitive Investigation of the University System of Galicia (Xunta de Galicia) potentially co-financed by ERDF in the frame of the operative Program of Galicia 2021–2024 (reference: ED431C 2021/56). Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISUGXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/5

Advanced Pedestrian Positioning System to Smartphones and Smartwatches

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of pedestrian navigation systems for satellite-denied scenarios. The popularization of smartphones and smartwatches is an interesting opportunity for reducing the infrastructure cost of the positioning systems. Nowadays, smartphones include inertial sensors that can be used in pedestrian dead-reckoning (PDR) algorithms for the estimation of the user's position. Both smartphones and smartwatches include WiFi capabilities allowing the computation of the received signal strength (RSS). We develop a new method for the combination of RSS measurements from two different receivers using a Gaussian mixture model. We also analyze the implication of using a WiFi network designed for communication purposes in an indoor positioning system when the designer cannot control the network configuration. In this work, we design a hybrid positioning system that combines inertial measurements, from low-cost inertial sensors embedded in a smartphone, with RSS measurements through an extended Kalman filter. The system has been validated in a real scenario, and results show that our system improves the positioning accuracy of the PDR system thanks to the use of two WiFi receivers. The designed system obtains an accuracy up to 1.4 m in a scenario of 6000 m2

Implementación de una radio On-Line que promueva valores éticos en las y los estudiantes del Colegio Cristo Salvador de la zona Sur de Quito.

At present the use of information technology is revolutionizing the world with the use of new tools, which allows a person to interact more directly with another person through the computer. It is a means to provide greater resources and the ease of obtaining information they want. This has changed the student's act, making it more dependent on the network. Excessive use of technology for amusement purposes has created a problem in educational institutions, resulting in underperformance and students, a situation that is causing dropouts as in the case of the College Christ the Savior.En la actualidad el uso de las tecnologías de la información está revolucionando el mundo con el uso de nuevas herramientas, que le permite a una persona interactuar de forma más directa con otra persona por medio del computador. Es un medio que proporciona mayores recursos y la facilidad para obtener información que deseen. Esto ha cambiado el actuar del estudiante, haciéndole más dependiente de la red. El uso excesivo de la tecnología con fines de diversión ha creado una gran problemática dentro de las instituciones educativas, provocando el bajo rendimiento en las y los estudiantes, situación que está provocando la deserción escolar como en el caso del Colegio Cristo Salvador

Propuesta de una modificación de la técnica de apertura craneal en la autopsia médico legal, con fines estéticos

existen múltiples técnicas en patología forense para la realización de un autopsia. A lo largo de los años y con la evolución de la medicina y sus ciencias auxiliares, estas técnicas se han ido adaptando a las necesidades tanto del estudio del óbito com o a la necesidad de la reconstrucción lo menos traumática posible para que el fallecido pueda volver a ser visto por sus seres querido s. Presentamos una modificación de la técnica de apertura craneal que nos gusta denominar “La modificación de López Carrasco”, siendo la utilizada en el Servicio de Patología del Instituto de Medicina Legal de Cádiz por su calidad estética final.multiple techniques in forensic pathology for conducting an autopsy. Throughout the years and with the evolution of medicine and its auxiliary sciences, these techniques have been adapted to the needs of both the study of death and the need fo r reconstruction as painless as possible so that the deceased can return to be seen by their loved ones. We present a modification of the technique of cranial opening we like to call "The m odification of López Carrasco" being used i n the Pathology Department of the Inst itute of Legal Medicine of Cádi z for his final aesthetic quality

Propuesta metodológica de un estudio de caso sobre la educación a distancia en tiempos de pandemia

The 2020 academic year was interrupted due to the COVID-19 global health emergency. In Costa Rica, on March 16th, the Ministry of Public Education of Costa Rica on March 16th, 2020 decided to continue the teaching-learning process under a distant modality to avoid the students’ disengagement from education. This case study, based on inductive qualitative research, will collect and triangulate data through semi-structured interviews, document gathering and video recordings, and content analysis (Hatch, 2002) to categorize the primary school teachers’ perceptions through the use of WebQDA (Costa et al., 2019), a software designed to analyze qualitative data. The purpose of this proposal, that is currently under study, is to describe the perceptions of six primary school English teachers from Dirección Regional de Educación San Carlos about distance education to better comprehend the pedagogical mediation and professional context of the teachers during this health crisis.El curso lectivo 2020 se vio interrumpido debido a la emergencia mundial provocada por el COVID-19. En Costa Rica, el 16 de marzo del 2020, el Ministerio de Educación Pública decidió suspender la presencialidad y trabajar bajo la modalidad educativa a distancia para continuar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y evitar la desvinculación de los estudiantes del sistema educativo. Este estudio de caso, basado en una investigación cualitativa inductiva, recolectará y triangulará los datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, recolección de documentación y grabaciones de videos. Se utilizará el análisis de contenido a través del uso del software WebQDA de análisis de datos cualitativos para categorizar las perspectivas de los docentes de primaria. Este estudio es una investigación en desarrollo que tiene como propósito la descripción de las percepciones de seis docentes de inglés de primaria de la Dirección Regional de Educación San Carlos con respecto de la educación a distancia para una mejor comprensión de la mediación pedagógica y del contexto profesional de los docentes durante la crisis sanitaria

Familia multiespecie, significados e influencia de la mascota en la familia.

This article is the result of a research accomplished as a degree project. Its objective was to know the meanings that the pet has in the family dynamics of three families belonging to the Canicross group of the municipality of Bello-Antioquia. We worked with the interpretative paradigm. Through a qualitative study, the information was collected through techniques such as: presentation slides (designed by the researchers), interviews and  patchwork quilt. It was found that when the pet arrives at home, it is an external agent that brings new challenges for the family and, as it coexists with the pet, it becomes an internal agent that modifies its daily life and dynamics. To signify their pet, participants said words of well-being and was recognized and accepted as another member of the family. Therefore, as a final reflection on 9the findings, a multi-species family definition was constructed.El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación realizada como trabajo de grado. Su objetivo fue conocer los significados que tiene la mascota en la dinámica familiar de tres familias pertenecientes al grupo Canicross del municipio de Bello- Antioquia. El estudio utilizó el paradigma interpretativo. A través de un estudio cualitativo, la información fue recolectada por medio de técnicas como: láminas (diseñadas por las investigadoras), entrevistas y colcha de retazos. Se encontró que cuando la mascota llega al hogar es un agente externo que trae consigo nuevos retos para la familia y, a medida que esta convive con la mascota, pasa a ser un agente interno que va modificando su cotidianidad y su dinámica. Para significar a su mascota, Los participantes emplearon palabras de bienestar y fue reconocida y aceptada como un miembro más de la familia. Por lo tanto, como reflexión final frente a los hallazgos, se construyó una definición de familia multiespecie

Pain Acceptance Creates an Emotional Context That Protects against the Misuse of Prescription Opioids: A Study in a Sample of Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

There is solid evidence of an association between several psychological flexibility processes, particularly pain acceptance, and adaptation to chronic pain. However, there are relatively few studies on the relationship between pain acceptance and opioid misuse in chronic pain patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test a hypothetical model in which pain acceptance would regulate pain sensations and pain-related thoughts and emotions, which would be related to opioid misuse. The sample comprised 140 chronic pain patients attending two hospitals. All patients were receiving pharmacological treatment, including opioid analgesics. Structural equation modelling analyses showed a significant association between higher pain acceptance and lower pain intensity and catastrophizing, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. Only higher anxiety and depression were significantly associated with increased opioid misuse. The results suggest that levels of anxiety, depression, and pain acceptance must be assessed before opioids are prescribed. Pain acceptance implies a relationship with internal events that protects against anxiety and depression and thus against opioid misuse. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy appears to be particularly appropriate for these patients.This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-106086RB-I00) and the Regional Government of Andalusia (HUM-566). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga