Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) of Iran (Persian Gulf– Oman Sea– Caspian Sea)

Coastal areas with about 3700 kilometers of border land and sea, in the north, south and around the islands of the country, one of the potential environmental capacity are economic planning. The coastal area of both the ecological and economic importance. The most important reasons such as marine coastal area of high biodiversity, economic and commercial values, the values of research, mines and aesthetic and recreational values can be cited. Combining development with conservation of natural resources through careful planning based on the principles of sustainable development, one of the objectives of the Coastal Zone Management. Integrated management plan for coastal areas, based on zoning study area into three regions, areas managed by the Department of Environment, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization management areas and sensitive habitats within the coastal area have been made. After identify each area as a first step to study the problems of the zone (threat Threats), due to management problems (weaknesses Weaknesses), the facilities available in each area (opportunities Opportunities) and the management strengths (Strengths) each region based on the SWOT model, planning will be discussed. Considering the unique ecological values of coastal ecosystems, the operational objectives of the comprehensive program given the country's Fourth Development Plan, IUCN guidelines and other rules and regulations were extracted

Scaly Whipray Brevitrygon walga

The Scaly Whipray (Brevitrygon walga) is a very small (to 32 cm disc width) whipray species whose true range is poorly-known due to taxonomic issues. There are various forms across its range (Red Sea to India), but until taxonomy is resolved, the forms in the Arabian Seas region are treated as a single species for the current assessment. This species appears to be very common in waters less than 40 m deep, including in intertidal areas. Given its size it is likely to have a productive life history, but this needs to be confirmed with species-specific research. It is regularly caught in shallow water trawls and is normally discarded at sea in the western part of its range, but landed in considerable numbers in the eastern part (i.e., India). Overall, fishing pressure is increasing across its habitat, and declines in batoids have been documented in India. At one landing site, catches have been stable over a 15 year period after an initial increase. However, over that same time period, trawl effort doubled. Overall, declines of < 30% are suspected over the last three generations (~33 years), and with ongoing fishing pressure, further population declines are suspected over the next three generations (2017-2050); the species is therefore assessed as Near Threatened (nearly meeting VU A2d+3d)

Environmental and ecological studies in northern Alborz aimed at developing the fisheries resources

Caspian Sea with an area of 400 thousand square kilometers is the largest lake in the world. The Caspian Sea about 1200 km from north to south on the longest section and an average width of 320 km. Along the coastline around the Caspian Sea is about 6500 kilometers. Caspian Sea is about 78,000 cubic kilometers of water volume that is 44% of stocks of blue lakes around the world. Caspian Sea basin, which is composed of seven major basins of the main watershed from west to east are: juniper, Talsh- Anzali, large Sefidrood between Haraz Sefid and, Hraz- Gharehsou, Nagorno Sv- Gorgan and Atrak in the basin of Aras no limits to the beach. Aras sub-basin is located in the North West and Iran, the second largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Talysh-Anzali on the Caspian Sea basin West and the seventh largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. White basin is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea and the extent of the sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Haraz located in the south Caspian Sea basin and the ninth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. Gorgan is located in the South East of the Caspian Sea basin and the fourth largest sub-basin of the Caspian Sea. In these areas, about 28 percent of the total fish production in the northern waters of aquatic allocated

Study on ecosystems and habitats of the Iranian coastal zones

Intended data set in two seasons, including the provinces of North and South have been prepared on the basis of the material presented in each chapter, required tables are presented to illustrate the subject. Beach area linking water and land ecosystems and the interface of two distinct characteristics of each other. An evolving system of natural coastal environment and involves the most complex and productive on Earth at the same time Ghny¬Tryn Akvsystm¬Hay respectively. The area, regional transport and is extremely vulnerable, and since it is an acceptor Layndh¬Hay land and sea, the accumulation of enduring Layndh¬Ha threatened. Marine pollution and the effects of drought activities consequence of socio-economic development of the coastline and Hvzh¬Hay drainage The result of lots, the major problems in most parts of the world that directly affects coastal Zystgah¬Hay. Layndh¬Hay so different that each human relationship between the beach and the sea entered the ranking. Special protection. This Rio Earth summit in 1992 again "was stressed and in Article 13 of Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 in Rio in environmental protection marine shipping operations explicitly raised the issue of identification of sensitive sea areas and governments were asked to carry out appropriate measures in this regard

Telatrygon crozieri, Indian Sharpnose Ray

The Indian Sharpnose Ray (Telatrygon crozieri) is a small (to 40 cm disc width) ray occurring in the northern Indian Ocean, in India and Bangladesh, and possibly Pakistan. It is demersal on the inner continental shelf from the surface down to a depth of 50 m. It is captured in shrimp trawl and gillnets and rays tend to be targeted by industrial and artisanal fleets. Species-specific data remain limited due to species misidentifications and recent taxonomic changes. Declines in batoids from intense and increasing fishing has been reported for India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. This species has not been recorded recently on the west coast of India in regular trawl surveys and this historically widely distributed species now has a much narrower distribution. Even on the east coast (Tamil Nadu to West Bengal) of India, few individuals have been encountered and this number has declined during 2010–2018 surveys and the Indian Sharpnose Ray is now only regularly observed in the east coast from Odisha to West Bengal. The entire geographic range of the species is subject to intense and increasing fishing pressure with little refuge at depth. The steep decline in landings of batoids in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan is consistent with a population reduction of 54–84% over three generation lengths (26 years)

The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come

The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change was established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the health dimensions of the impacts of, and the response to, climate change. The Lancet Countdown tracks 41 indicators across five domains: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; finance and economics; and public and political engagement. This report is the product of a collaboration of 27 leading academic institutions, the UN, and intergovernmental agencies from every continent. The report draws on world-class expertise from climate scientists, ecologists, mathematicians, geographers, engineers, energy, food, livestock, and transport experts, economists, social and political scientists, public health professionals, and. doctors. The Lancet Countdown’s work builds on decades of research in this field, and was first proposed in the 2015 Lancet Commission on health and climate change,1 which documented the human impacts of climate change and provided ten global recommendations to respond to this public health emergency and secure the public health benefits available (panel 1)

The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration, established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up the Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, and engineers; of energy, food, and transport experts; and of economists, social and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors

A study on the diversity of gastropods in Hormuz Island with first record of two species from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf

This study was carried out to determine the diversity of gastropod species in the intertidal zone of Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf. Seasonal sampling was conducted in 7 selected sites by throwing nine random quadrates (0.5×0.5 m) in each site. Samples of each site were separately transferred to the laboratory and identified by the standard keys and verified by the Conchology Museum of Tokyo University of Science. Forty -nine gastropod species were identified, from which 2 species, Turicula nelliae and Linatella caudata were recorded for the first time from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. The highest number of gastropods in one site was 28 species in site 1 (East of Marine Research Center), Also highest number of gastropods in one season was 35 species in winter and lowest number was in 28 species in summer. Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener species diversity index, Margalef richness index and evenness index were calculated in the different sites and results showed that site 1 contained the most amount of the Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices and site 6 (West of Island) contained the most amount of the Simpson index. Also, site 3 (Mangrove forest) showed the lowest amount of the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices, while maximum amount of evenness index occurred in this site

Habitat classification of southern coast of Qeshm Island based on surface geology structure

1757-1763<span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:fa"="" lang="EN-US">Habitat classification based on the surface geology structure <span style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:fa"="" lang="EN-US">was <span style="font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:fa"="" lang="EN-US">applied to 122 km of the southern intertidal stretch of the Qeshm Island in 2010.  <span style="font-size:9.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:fa"="" lang="EN-US">Natural and anthropogenic features of the covered area were initially surveyed using GPS, and then 12 sites were designated.   Seasonal alteration to surface geology was studied through field surveys, photography, and the Google Earth photos. Three major substrate types of sandy (66.9% or 82 km), rocky-sand (24% or 29 km), and rocky (9.1% or 11 km) were identified. Soft substrate constituted the major part of the mid-western, while rocky substrate was the main feature in the mid-eastern. Results also indicated that southern coast of Qeshm Island was more prone to wave and wind actions than the northern coast. Since rocky and rocky-sand substrates possess various shelters and, hence, support more biotic groups, they require special management to reduce the undesirable impacts on macro invertebrates.</span

Standard Classification of Intertidal Habitats in North Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf)

1172-1180As a new approach to ecological classification, the “Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)” was applied to 141 km of the northern intertidal stretch of Qeshm Island during 2010. Biotic Cover and Surface Geology as the two components of the classification were used. Considering the extent and geomorphology of the area, 9 sites were designated using GPS. Density and distribution of biotic community were determined using 0.5×0.5 m quadrate and sediment was sampled up to 15 cm below the surface. Totally 32 codes were determined for 40 habitats (biotopes), and their positions were displayed on map by GIS. Acar spp., Barbatia sp. (molluscs), and Zoanthus sp. (cnidarian) can be regarded as the rocky substrates’ specific biotopes, while Stichodactyla sp. (cnidarian) and Halophia sp. (seagrass) can be regarded as the sandy substrates’ specific biotopes