The Developmental Stages of the Acquisition of Arabic By Adult English-speaking Learners: Processability Theory and the Formulaic Language

The aim of this study is to look at the developmental stages of the acquisition of Arabic as a foreign language by adult English learners. Processability theory (Pienemann, 1998, 2005) is adopted to investigate in detail whether the acquisition development will follow the hierarchy as stated by PT. The study targeted agreement within seven grammatical structures. The structures belong to three procedural levels of the hierarchy (stages three to five). Six adult learners participated in this study. They were tested via different tasks to elicit data either to support the predictions of PT hierarchy, or to disconfirm it. Two participants produced subject – verb agreement (stage 4) at a higher rate than N-aAdj / N-N agreement (stage 3). Before disconfirming the Prediction of PT hierarchy, the two participants took a second test to make sure the language they produced is processed and not retrieved as a formula. Students were introduced to a set of new vocabulary and were asked to tell a story based on three picture stories. By learning unfamiliar vocabulary in isolation, the two participants applied grammatical relations to combine words together. Data in test 2 showed a decrease in the acquisition rate of S – V agreement. Therefore, confirming the predictions of PT

DE LA DIFFÉRENTIATION FRACTIONNAIRE DES SÉRIES ÉCONOMIQUES

Pour modéliser les séries économiques et afin d’éviter des corrélations fallacieuses, les chercheurs en économie procèdent souvent à des différentiations, première ou seconde selon l’ordre d’intégration des séries considérées, dans le but de les stationnariser. Généralement, ils commencent par administer des tests de racine unitaire (ADF, KPSS ou autre) aux séries. La plupart des séries économiques sont non stationnaires en niveau. Les séries sont alors différenciés en retranchant des valeurs On teste la stationnarité de la nouvelle série. Si elle s’avère stationnaire, on travaille avec cette série des différences premières en l’introduisant dans un modèle de régression. Lorsque la série est stationnaire en niveau, ce qui est rare, on dit qu’elle est intégrée d’ordre 0  et elle nécessite 0 différentiation pour l’intégrer. Lorsqu’elle nécessite une différentiation pour être stationnarisée, on dit qu’elle est intégrée d’ordre 1. Lorsqu’il faut une double différentiation pour être stationnarisée, la série est intégrée d’ordre 2, et ainsi de suite. En vérité, il est rare qu’une série soit intégrée d’un ordre entier, 0, 1, 2,... Le plus souvent, l’ordre d’intégration des séries économiques est un nombre décimal ou ”fractionnaire”, compris entre 0 et 1 ou entre 1 et 2... Ce papier portant sur la différentiation entière et fractionnaire des séries chronologiques présente, dans la section 2, la différentiation d’un ordre fractionnaire et, dans la section 3, l’application de cette différentiation aux séries temporelles économiques. Un algorithme de détermination de l’ordre fractionnaire d’intégration des séries avec son application à des séries macroéconomiques du Maroc est présenté dans la section 4. Dans la section 5, sont exposés les avantages de la différentiation fractionnaire des séries par rapport à la différentiation entière souvent adoptée par les chercheurs

A finite volume scheme for a seawater intrusion model with cross-diffusion

International audienceWe consider a finite volume scheme for a seawater intrusion model. It is based on a two-point flux approximation with upwind mobilities. The scheme preserves at the discrete level the main features of the continuous problem: the non-negativity of the solutions, the decay of the energy and the control of the entropy and its dissipation. Moreover the scheme converges towards a weak solution to the problem. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the behavior of the model and of the scheme

Knowledge management in the Moroccan public sector, concepts and application: Tax office as a case in point

Knowledge is seen as an essential asset for public organizations. The loss of critical knowledge as a result of the increasing retirement of experienced human resources may pose a threat to the continuity of these organizations' operations, particularly since reforms in the public sector have transformed these entities into regulatory, evaluation, and control bodies. Therefore, these organizations rely largely on the mastery of these skills to achieve their goals. This study aims to evaluate, within the context of the public sector, the significance and problems of knowledge and, more importantly, to build and propose a conceptual framework for knowledge continuity management (KM) in these organizations. This framework defines the key processes and elements that support the implementation of this process in order to ensure the continuity of knowledge following the departure of experienced personnel. In this study, we tried to answer the question, "Does the General Directorate of Taxation have a knowledge management policy?”. We have thus circulated a poll to persons who now occupy or are pursuing leadership positions. The findings indicate consensus regarding the necessity of the knowledge management policy, especially in succession management, for guaranteeing the consistent delivery of public services. But they also illustrate the absence of a well-defined process of knowledge transfer, which leaves the field of activity in this regard wide open and demands a large intervention by the central services to better explain the concept to the various employees in charge of the management of human resources and the other services, as this process involves any person holding critical knowledge for the efficient operation of its service and for the installation of a knowledge management system. Keywords: knowledge management, public sector, retirement, tax department. JEL Classification : D80, L20, O15, 021. Paper type: Empirical researchKnowledge is seen as an essential asset for public organizations. The loss of critical knowledge as a result of the increasing retirement of experienced human resources may pose a threat to the continuity of these organizations' operations, particularly since reforms in the public sector have transformed these entities into regulatory, evaluation, and control bodies. Therefore, these organizations rely largely on the mastery of these skills to achieve their goals. This study aims to evaluate, within the context of the public sector, the significance and problems of knowledge and, more importantly, to build and propose a conceptual framework for knowledge continuity management (KM) in these organizations. This framework defines the key processes and elements that support the implementation of this process in order to ensure the continuity of knowledge following the departure of experienced personnel. In this study, we tried to answer the question, "Does the General Directorate of Taxation have a knowledge management policy?”. We have thus circulated a poll to persons who now occupy or are pursuing leadership positions. The findings indicate consensus regarding the necessity of the knowledge management policy, especially in succession management, for guaranteeing the consistent delivery of public services. But they also illustrate the absence of a well-defined process of knowledge transfer, which leaves the field of activity in this regard wide open and demands a large intervention by the central services to better explain the concept to the various employees in charge of the management of human resources and the other services, as this process involves any person holding critical knowledge for the efficient operation of its service and for the installation of a knowledge management system. Keywords: knowledge management, public sector, retirement, tax department. JEL Classification : D80, L20, O15, 021. Paper type: Empirical researc

A miniature microstrip patch antenna array with defected ground structure

The aim of this work is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 10 GHz. It presents an improved method of size reduction of a microstrip antenna array with circular polarisation using Defected Ground Structure (DGS) which is used to perform serious LC resonance property in certain frequency. By integrating Defected Ground Structure elements, the resonance frequency was shifted from 10 GHz to 7.5 GHz. The proposed structure of DGS is incorporated in the ground plane of our array antenna. Prototype of the antenna was fabricated with FR4 substrate and tested. The simulation and measurement results were in good agreement

Numerical analysis of a finite volume scheme for a seawater intrusion model with cross-diffusion in an unconfined aquifer

International audienceWe consider a degenerate parabolic system modeling the flow of fresh and saltwater in a porous medium in the context of seawater intrusion. We propose and analyze a finite volume scheme based on two-point flux approximation with upwind mobilities. The scheme preserves at the discrete level the main features of the continuous problem, namely the nonnegativity of the solutions, the decay of the energy and the control of the entropy and its dissipation. Based on these nonlinear stability results, we show that the scheme converges towards a weak solution to the problem. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the behavior of the model and of the scheme

A New Design of a Wideband Miniature Antenna Array

In this work, we present a new configuration of a new miniature microstrip antenna array having a wide frequency band and with a circular polarization. The bandwidth is about 2GHz for a reflection coefficient under -10dB and centered on the ISM ‘Industrial Scientific Medical’ band at 5.8 GHz. To design such array, we have started the design by validating one antenna element at 10 GHz and after that by using the technique of defected ground, we have validated the antenna array in the frequency band [4 GHz -6 GHz] which will permit to miniature the dimensions. The final fabricated antenna array is mounted on an FR4 substrate, the whole area is 102.48 X 31.39 mm2  with a gain of 5dBi at 4GHz

La “Economía Social y Solidaria” entre la restauración neoliberal y los gobiernos progresistas. Análisis de las políticas públicas implementadas en Argentina y México en el siglo XXI

The sector of the "Social, Solidarity and/or Popular Economy" currently received an important revitalization and relevance both within academic research and state agendas, as well as in the rhetoric of a large part of social and political organizations. This is due to the rise and visibility acquired by the heterogeneous popular practices linked to the formation of "another economy", an alternative to neoliberalism and globalization, and to "new" forms of organization and social protest. These experiences gained the public scene and gravitated in the design and implementation of public policies aimed at promoting the "social and solidarity economy" on a Latin American scale.In a regional scenario marked by the oscillation of governments called "progressive" and neoliberal restorations, the analysis of different aspects of the historical context and its implications in the formulation of the different programs developed and their limitations in relation to the modalities of implementation and work proposals for the sector in Argentina and Mexico.; El sector de la Economía Social, Solidaria y/o Popular cobró actualmente una importante revitalización y relevancia tanto al interior de las investigaciones académicas y de las agendas estatales, como en la retórica de gran parte de las organizaciones sociales y políticas. Esto se debe al ascenso y visibilidad que adquirieron las heterogéneas prácticas populares vinculadas a la conformación de “otra economía”, alternativa al neoliberalismo y la globalización, y a “nuevas” formas de organización y protesta social. Estas experiencias ganaron la escena pública y gravitaron en el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas orientada a la promoción de la “economía social y solidaria” a escala Latinoamericana. Asimismo, las formas organizativas y reivindicativas de estos sectores fueron reconfiguradas al calor de dichas políticas.En un escenario regional signado por la oscilación de gobiernos denominados “progresistas” y restauraciones neoliberales se vuelve central el análisis de sus implicancias para el sector de la Economía Social y Solidaria y su compleja relación con el Estado. En tal sentido, en el siguiente artículo nos interesa relevar las recientes transformaciones y tendencias en las políticas públicas destinadas al sector en Argentina y México