Lintercommunalité. Portrait de groupe de la lecture publique en Alsace

Penser le territoire est plus que jamais un enjeu crucial alors que les moyens de communication et les nouvelles technologies remodèlent les modes de vie et leur inscription dans lespace. Au-delà du déploiement dun service public de la lecture, cest un véritable défi pour la démocratie

Nouvelles compétences, nouvelles formations, quels besoins ? Quelle demande sur un territoire ?

Table ronde organisée dans le cadre des 19e Rencontres Nationales des Bibliothécaires Musicaux avec : - Emmanuel Aziza, Chef du Bureau des bibliothèques et de la lecture, Ville de Paris - Catherine Benod, Directrice de la Bibliothèque départementale de Haute-Loire - Philippe Marcerou, Inspecteur général des bibliothèques - Cécile Trévian, responsable de la commission formation de l’ABF Modération : Arsène Ott, responsable de la Médiathèque André-Malraux de Strasbour

Musique en bibliothèque, quelles formations aujourd’hui ?

Organisée par l’ACIM les 18 et 19 mars 2019, la 19e édition des Rencontres Nationales des Bibliothécaires Musicaux s’est tenue à l’Enssib et à la bibliothèque municipale de Lyon sur le thème « Musique en bibliothèque, quelles formations aujourd’hui ? ». Réunissant plus de 200 participants autour d’ateliers et de tables rondes, elle a notamment permis d’aborder les questions de la formation des bibliothécaires et celle des usagers, l’évolution des compétences et les relations entre médiathèques et enseignements artistiques

Identification of three NFAT binding motifs in the 5′-upstream region of the human CD3γ gene that differentially bind NFATc1, NFATc2, and NF-κB p50

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) infection of CD4(+) T cells progressively abrogates T cell receptor (TCR).CD3 function and surface expression by specifically interfering with CD3gamma gene transcription. Our data show that the loss of CD3gamma transcripts begins very early after infection and accumulates to a >90% deficiency before a significant effect on surface receptor density is apparent. Blocking TCR.CD3-directed NFAT activation with cyclosporin A provokes a partial re-expression of CD3gamma gene transcripts and surface complexes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We have identified three NFAT consensus sequences (5'-GGAAA-3') in the 5'-upstream region of the human CD3gamma gene at: -124 to -120 (NFAT(gamma1)), -384 to -380 (NFAT(gamma2)), and +450 to +454 (NFAT(gamma3)) from the first transcription initiation site. Using electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays, we show that NFATc2 alone binds to the NFAT(gamma2) motif; however, complexes containing either NFATc2 or NFATc1 plus NF-kappaB p50 bind to the NFAT(gamma1) and NFAT(gamma3) sites. We further demonstrate that NFATc1 and NF-kappaB p50 bind in the same protein.DNA complex and that a fourth Ala added to the core sequence (5'-GGAAAA-3') in NFAT(gamma1), and NFAT(gamma3) is critical for their binding. Finally, we have shown that an increase in the binding of nuclear NFATc2, NFATc1, and NF-kappaB p50 to these three motifs is correlated with a progressive loss of CD3gamma transcripts after HIV-1 infection.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Oxygen regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia

Rhizobia are α- and β-proteobacteria that form a symbiotic partnership with legumes, fixing atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia and providing it to the plant. Oxygen regulation is key in this symbiosis. Fixation is performed by an oxygen-intolerant nitrogenase enzyme but requires respiration to meet its high energy demands. To satisfy these opposing constraints the symbiotic partners cooperate intimately, employing a variety of mechanisms to regulate and respond to oxygen concentration. During symbiosis rhizobia undergo significant changes in gene expression to differentiate into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Legumes host these bacteroids in specialized root organs called nodules. These generate a near-anoxic environment using an oxygen diffusion barrier, oxygen-binding leghemoglobin and control of mitochondria localization. Rhizobia sense oxygen using multiple interconnected systems which enable a finely-tuned response to the wide range of oxygen concentrations they experience when transitioning from soil to nodules. The oxygen-sensing FixL-FixJ and hybrid FixL-FxkR two-component systems activate at relatively high oxygen concentration and regulate fixK transcription. FixK activates the fixNOQP and fixGHIS operons producing a high-affinity terminal oxidase required for bacterial respiration in the microaerobic nodule. Additionally or alternatively, some rhizobia regulate expression of these operons by FnrN, an FNR-like oxygen-sensing protein. The final stage of symbiotic establishment is activated by the NifA protein, regulated by oxygen at both the transcriptional and protein level. A cross-species comparison of these systems highlights differences in their roles and interconnections but reveals common regulatory patterns and themes. Future work is needed to establish the complete regulon of these systems and identify other regulatory signals