Estudio psicométrico del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) para niños de 2 a 4 años en Uruguay

The Skills and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is widely used for the assessment of socio-emotional behaviors in children from 4 to 16 years of age. Different structural models have been validated, varying between the number of dimensions, grouping of variables and first and second order factors. The following study seeks to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SDQ through an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, in a sample of 330 children between the ages of 2 and 4 who attend care centers in Uruguay. The results show that the original model is the one with the best internal consistency but poor structural fit. The bifactorial model was the one that obtained the best adjustmentEl Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es ampliamente utilizado para la evaluación de conductas socioemocionales de niños de 4 a 16 años. Se han validado distintos modelos estructurales, variando entre cantidad de dimensiones, agrupación de las variables y factores de primer y segundo orden. El siguiente estudio busca evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del SDQ a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, en una muestra de 330 niños de entre 2 y 4 años que asisten a centros de cuidado en Uruguay. Los resultados muestran que el modelo original es el que tuvo mejor consistencia interna pero un deficiente ajustamiento estructural. El modelo bifactorial fue el que obtuvo un mejor ajustamiento

Slow-wave activity in the S1HL cortex is contributed by different layer-specific field potential sources during development

Spontaneous correlated activity in cortical columns is criticalfor postnatal circuit refinement.We used spatial discriminationtechniques to explore the late maturation of synaptic pathways through the laminar distribution of the field potential (FP) generators underlying spontaneous and evoked activities ofthe S1HL cortex in juvenile (P14 –P16) and adult anesthetized rats. Juveniles exhibit an intermittent FP pattern resembling Up/Down states in adults, but with much reduced power and different laminar distribution. Whereas FPs in active periods are dominated by a layer VI generator in juveniles, in adults a developing multipart generatortakes over, displaying current sinks in middle layers (III–V). The blockade of excitatory transmission in upper and middle layers of adults recovered the juvenile-like FP profiles. In additiontothe layer VI generator, a gamma-specific generator in supragranular layers wasthe same in both age groups.While searching for dynamical coupling among generators in juveniles we found significant cross-correlation in one-half of the tested pairs, whereas excessive coherence hindered their efficient separation in adults. Also, potentials evoked by tactile and electrical stimuli showed different short-latency dipoles between the two age groups, and the juveniles lacked the characteristic long latency UP state currents in middle layers. In addition, the mean firing rate of neurons was lower in juveniles. Thus, cortical FPs originate from different intracolumnar segments as they become active postnatally. We suggest that although some cortical segments are active early postnatally, a functional sensory-motor control relies on a delayed maturation and network integration of synaptic connections in middle layers

O tempo subjectivo como instrumento (des)adaptativo no processo desenvolvi - mental

A Perspectiva Temporal – PT (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) é o processo através do qual as experiências pessoais e sociais dos sujeitos são categorizadas, arquivadas e recuperadas mediante categorias temporais que têm por base as noções subjectivas do passado, o presente e o futuro. Assim, através de uma análise da PT é possível compreender mudanças em diversas variáveis, tenham estas um carácter funcional (auto-estima, investimento escolar, comportamentos pró-activos e de empreendedorismo) ou disfuncional (consumo de drogas, comportamentos de risco, depressão) no processo desenvolvimental dos sujeitos. São apresentados dois estudos, de forma a validar esta tese. No primeiro é explorada a relação entre a PT e o desempenho académico, os resultados sugerem que os sujeitos com uma forte visão Fatalista do Presente assim como aqueles com baixa orientação para o Futuro, apresentam piores resultados académicos do que aqueles com uma forte orientação pessoal para o Futuro, resultados que são coincidentes com outros estudos prévios (Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004; Lens & Tsuzuki, 2007). No segundo estudo é analisada a relação da PT com a auto-estima, no qual se verifica uma importante relação entre as dimensões de Passado Negativo, Presente Hedonista e Futuro Negativo com a auto-estima

Tempus Post Mortem?* Adaptação portuguesa da transcendental-future time perspective scale (TFTPS)

Integrated into the more general concept of “temporal perspective,” transcendental future has been conceptualized as a dimension that comprehends the beliefs about the future from the imagined death of the physical body to infinity. The transcendental-future time perspective scale (TFTPS) is a one-dimensional scale that consists of 10 items that assess cognitions related to this temporal frame. The goal of this study is to present the adaptation of this scale to the Portuguese language and culture, as well as its factor structure and psychometric properties in a sample of 346 participants aged 17 to 54 years (M = 19.87, SD = 4.27). The results obtained through exploratory factor analysis validated the one-dimensionality of the scale (65.94% of total explained variance, α = 0.87).Integrado en el concepto más amplio de perspectiva temporal, el futuro transcendental ha sido conceptualizado como una dimensión que abarca las creencias sobre el futuro a partir de la muerte imaginada del cuerpo físico hasta el infinito. La transcendental-future time perspective scale (TFTPS) es una escala unidimensional compuesta por diez ítems que evalúan las cogniciones relacionadas con este espacio temporal. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la adaptación de esta escala a la lengua y cultura portuguesas, así como su estructura factorial y características psicométricas en una muestra de 346 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 54 años (M = 19.87, DS = 4.27). Los resultados encontrados a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio validaron la unidimensionalidad de esta escala (65.94% de la variancia total explicada, α = 0.87).Integrado no conceito mais geral da perspetiva temporal, o futuro transcendental tem sido conceptualizado como uma dimensão que abrange as crenças sobre o futuro a partir da morte imaginada do corpo físico até ao infinito. A transcendental-future time perspective scale (TFTPS) é uma escala unidimensional composta por 10 itens que avalia as cognições relacionadas com este espaço temporal. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a adaptação à língua e cultura portuguesa desta escala, assim como a sua estrutura fatorial e características psicométricas numa amostra de 346 participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 54 anos (M = 19.87, DP = 4.27). Os resultados encontrados através da análise fatorial exploratória validaram a unidimensionalidade da escala (65.94 % de variância total explicada, α = 0.87)

Compact Dual-Band Terahertz Quarter-Wave Plate Metasurface

“© © 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”A dual-band quarter-wave plate based on a modified extraordinary transmission hole array is numerically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated at terahertz frequencies. To control independently orthogonal polarizations, the original square holes are connected with vertical slits and their lateral straight sides are replaced by meander lines. This smart design enables dual-band operation with unprecedented fractional bandwidths in a compact structure. Considering a flattening deviation lower than 40% of the optimum value, a fractional bandwidth of 53.8% and 3.8% is theoretically obtained (16.8% and 2.9% in the experiment) at 1 and 2.2 THz, respectively. At these two frequencies, the structure is 0.13-lambda and 0.29-lambda thick, respectively. Given the compactness of the whole structure and the performance obtained, this quarter-wave plate is presented as a competitive device for the terahertz band.This work was supported by the Spanish Government through the Consolider Engineering Metamaterials under Contract CSD2008-00066 and Contract TEC2011-28664-C02.Torres, V.; Sánchez Losilla, N.; Etayo, D.; Ortuño Molinero, R.; Navarro-Cía, M.; Martínez Abietar, AJ.; Beruete, M. (2014). Compact Dual-Band Terahertz Quarter-Wave Plate Metasurface. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 26(16):1679-1682. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2014.2330860S16791682261

Tylose Formation and Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Grape Roots Infected with «Phaeomoniella chlamydospora» and «Phaeoacremonium» Species

The role of phenolic compounds in strengthening resistance of grapevine to young grapevine decline was analysed. The formation of tyloses has also been associated with this disease. A microscopic study showed that tyloses originated in parenchyma cells associated with the xylem and from there invaded the xylem lumen. As tyloses formed, there were changes in the cell wall, associated with the accumulation of crystalline structures. The cells surrounding the blocked xylem contained more polyphenolic compounds than the cells of intact xylem. Changes in the level and composition of polyphenolic compounds occurred in relation to the severity of infection. Tannin concentrations also increased with increasing numbers of xylem vessels containing tyloses. Root extracts added to fungal culture media inhibited mycelial growth of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Pm. inflatipes. Inhibition was greater with extracts from roots with tyloses, and was also correlated with polyphenol content. Extracts of the leaves, stems and berries of vines treated with Brotomax, which increases the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, inhibited mycelial growth of the fungi compared to untreated control plants